Accounting Policies of Excel Industries Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2025

NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

This note provides a list of the material accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these standalone financial statements. These accounting
policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented by the Company unless otherwise stated.

These standalone financial statements were authorised for issue by the Company’s Board of Directors on May 14, 2025.

A. Basis of preparation

(i) Compliance with Ind AS and Schedule III

The standalone financial statements comply in all material aspects with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the
Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) and presentation requirements of Division II of
Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013, (Ind AS compliant schedule III), as applicable to these standalone financial statements.

(ii) Historical cost convention

The standalone financial statements have been prepared on historical cost basis, except the following which are measured at fair value:

• certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments)

• defined benefit plans - plan assets

(iii) New and amended standards adopted by the Company

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs vide notification dated 9 September 2024 and 28 September 2024 notified the Companies (Indian
Accounting Standards) Second Amendment Rules, 2024 and Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Third Amendment Rules, 2024,
respectively, which amended/ notified certain accounting standards (see below), and are effective for annual reporting periods beginning
on or after 1 April 2024:

• Insurance contracts - Ind AS 117; and

• Lease Liability in Sale and Leaseback - Amendments to Ind AS 116

These amendments did not have any material impact on the amounts recognised in current and prior periods and are not expected to
significantly affect the future periods.

(iv) Current and non-current classification

All Assets and Liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company’s normal operating cycle (12 months) and
other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013.

B. Property, plant and equipment

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation and
impairments, if any. Historical cost includes non-refundable tax and duties, freight and other incidental expenditure that is directly attributable
to the acquisition of the items.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that
future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Capital work-in-progress comprises the cost of assets that are not yet ready for their intended use at the year end and are stated at historical
cost and impairment, if any.

C. Leases

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the
use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

As a lessee

The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets.
The Company recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.

i) Right-of-use assets

The Company recognises right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available
for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any
remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct
costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets
are generally depreciated over the shorter of the asset’s useful life and the lease term on a straight-line basis and if the Company is
reasonably certain to exercise a purchase option, the right-of-use assets is depreciated over the underlying asset’s useful life. The
estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:

ii) Lease Liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to
be made over the lease term. Contracts may contain both lease and non-lease components. The Company allocates the consideration in
contract to the lease and non-lease components based on their relative stand-alone prices.

The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease. If that rate cannot be readily determined, which is
generally the case for the leases in the Company, the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate is used, being the rate that the individual
lessee would have to pay to borrow the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value to the right-to-use asset in a similar economic
environment with similar terms, security and conditions.

The Company is exposed to potential future increases in variable lease payments based on the index or rate, which are not included in
the lease liability until they take effect. When adjustments to lease payments based on an index or rate take effect, the lease liability is
reassessed and adjusted against the right-of-use assets.

iii) Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

Payments associated with short-term leases of equipment and all leases of low-value assets are recognised on a straight-line basis as
an expense in profit or loss. Short-term leases are leases with lease term of 12 months or less. Low value assets comprises IT equipment
and small items of office furniture and equipment.

As a lessor

Lease income from operating leases where the Company is a lessor is recognised in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

D. Investment properties

Properties comprises of land and buildings and office premises that are held for long-term rentals yields or for capital appreciation or both,
and that are not occupied by the Company, are classified as investment properties.

Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including related transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties
are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

I nvestment properties which includes buildings are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives i.e. 60 years.
The useful life has been determined based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events.

E. Goodwill and other intangible assets

(i) Goodwill

Goodwill is not amortised but it is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that
it might be impaired, and is carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units for the purpose of impairment testing. The allocation is made to those cash-generating
units or group of cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the business combination in which goodwill arose. The units
or groups of units are identified at the lowest level at which goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes, which in our case
are the operating segments.

(ii) Other intangible assets

Description of Asset Useful life

Computer software 4 years

Product registration 4 years

Assets individually costing INR 25,000 or less are amortised fully in the year of acquisition.

F. Investments in subsidiaries and joint venture

The investments in subsidiaries and joint venture are carried in the financial statements at historical cost except when the investment, or a
portion thereof, is classified as held for sale, in which case measured at lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.
Investments in subsidiaries and joint venture carried at cost are tested for impairment in accordance with Ind AS 36 Impairment of Assets. The
carrying amount of the investment is tested for impairment as a single asset by comparing its recoverable amount with its carrying amount,
any impairment loss recognised reduces the carrying amount of the investment.

G. Investments and other financial assets

(i) Classification

The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:

• those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through other comprehensive income, or through the Statement of
Standalone Profit and Loss), and

• those measured at amortised cost.

The classification depends on the Company’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.
For assets measured at fair value, gains and losses will either be recorded in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss or other
comprehensive income. For investments in debt instruments, this will depend on the business model in which the investment is held.
For investments in equity instruments, this will depend on whether the Company has made an irrevocable election at the time of initial
recognition to account for the equity investment at fair value through other comprehensive income.

(ii) Recognition and derecognition

Regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on trade-date, being the date on which the Company commits to
purchase or sale the financial asset. Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets
have expired or have been transferred and the group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership.

(iii) Measurement

At initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value
through the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial
asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through the Profit or Loss are expensed in the Statement of Standalone
Profit and Loss.

(a) Debt Instruments

Subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the Company’s business model for managing the asset and the
cash flow characteristics of the asset. There are three measurement categories into which the Company classifies its debt
instruments.

- Amortised cost:

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal
and interest are measured at amortised cost. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the
effective interest rate method. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition is recognised directly in the Statement of Standalone
Profit and Loss and presented as separate line item in other expenses. Impairment losses are presented as separate line
item in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss. Instruments under this category comprises of investment in certain
equity shares in the nature of debt instruments, redeemable preference shares, bonds, debentures, commercial papers,
corporate deposits, trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents, bank balances other than cash and cash equivalents, loans
to employees and other financial assets.

- Fair Value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI)

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets’ cash flows
represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI).
The Company does not have debt instrument measured under this category.

- Fair Value through Profit or Loss (FVPL)

Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVOCI are measured at fair value through profit or loss. A gain or
loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss is recognised in the Statement of
Standalone Profit and Loss and presented on net basis within other income in the period in which it arises. Interest income
from these financial assets is included in other income. Debt instrument under this category comprises of investments in
mutual funds, Exchange-traded funds (ETF) and Infrastructure Investment Trust (InvIT) that do not qualify for measurement at
either at amortised cost or FVOCI.

(b) Equity instruments

The Company subsequently measures all equity investments at fair value. Where the Company’s management has elected to
present fair value gains and losses on equity investments in other comprehensive income, there is no subsequent reclassification
of fair value gains and losses to profit or loss following the derecognition of the investment. Dividends from such investments
are recognised in Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss as other income when the Company’s right to receive payments is
established.

Impairment losses (and reversal of impairment losses) on equity investments measured at FVOCI are not reported separately from
other changes in fair value. Instruments under this category comprises of investment in quoted and unquoted equity instruments.

(iv) Impairment of financial assets

The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost and
FVOCI debt instruments. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk.
Note 42 details how the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk.

(v) Income recognition
Interest income

I nterest income from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss is disclosed as interest income within other income. Interest
income on financial assets at amortised cost is calculated using the effective interest method is recognised in the Statement of
Standalone Profit and Loss as part of other income.

Interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset except for financial
assets that subsequently become credit-impaired. For credit-impaired financial assets the effective interest rate is applied to the net
carrying amount of the financial asset (after deduction of the loss allowance).

Dividends

Dividends are received from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss and at FVOCI. Dividends are recognised as other income
in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss when the right to receive payment is established. This applies even if they are paid out
of pre-acquisition profits, unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment.

H. Impairment of non-financial assets

Goodwill and intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortisation and are tested annually for impairment, or more
frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. Other assets are tested for impairment whenever events
or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by
which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs of
disposal and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately
identifiable cash inflows which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets (cash-generating units).
Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at the end of each
reporting period.

I. Inventories

Raw materials, stores and spares, packing materials, work in progress, traded and finished goods are stated as lower of cost and net realisable
value. Cost of Raw materials, stores and spares, packing materials and traded goods comprises of cost of purchases. Cost of work-in-progress
and finished goods comprises direct materials, direct labour and an appropriate proportion of variable and fixed overhead expenditure, the
latter being allocated on the basis of normal operating capacity. Cost of inventories also include all other costs incurred in bringing the
inventories to their present location and condition. Costs are assigned to individual items of inventory on the basis of monthly moving weighted
average. Costs of purchased inventory are determined after deducting rebates and discounts. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price
in the ordinary course of business less the estimated cost of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Materials and other supplies held for use in production of inventories (work-in-progress and finished goods) are not written down below the
cost if the finished products in which they will be used are expected to sell at or above the cost.

By-products and unserviceable / damaged finished goods are valued at estimated net realisable value.

J. Trade receivables

Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for goods sold or services performed in the ordinary course of business and reflects
Company’s unconditional right to consideration (that is, payment is due only on the passage of time). Trade receivables are recognised initially
at the transaction price as they do not contain significant financing components. The Company holds the trade receivables with the objective
of collecting the contractual cash flows and therefore measures them subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less
loss allowance.

The Company applies the simplified approach required by Ind AS 109, which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognised from initial
recognition of the receivables.

K. Cash and cash equivalents

For the purpose of presentation in the Statement of Standalone cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, deposits held
at call with financial institutions, other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily
convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts
are shown within borrowings in current liabilities in the balance sheet.

L. Employee benefits

(i) Short-term obligations

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end
of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employee’s services up to the end of the
reporting and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liability are presented as current
employee benefits obligation in the balance sheet.

The Company recognises a liability and an expense for bonuses. The Company recognises a provision where contractually obliged or
where there is a past practice that has created a constructive obligation.

(ii) Long-term employee benefit obligations

Leave Obligation:

The liabilities for leave obligation which are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which
the employee render the related services, are measured as the present value of expected payments to be made in respect of services
provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period using the Projected Unit Credit method. The benefits are discounted using
the market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related
obligations. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions (i.e. actuarial losses/ gains)
are recognised in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss. These obligations are valued annually by independent qualified actuary.
Long Service awards:

The Company provides for the long service awards for eligible employees as per the scheme announced by the Company. The liability
towards the long services awards is provided at each balance sheet date on the basis of independent actuary valuation. Remeasurements
as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss.

(iii) Post-employment obligations
Defined benefit plan - Gratuity:

The liability or asset recognised in the balance sheet in respect of gratuity plans is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at
the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by actuaries using
the projected unit credit method.

The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference
to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related
obligation.

The net interest cost, calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of
the plan assets, is recognised as employee benefit expenses in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss. Remeasurement gains
and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they
occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the
balance sheet.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised
immediately in Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss as past service cost.

Defined Contribution Plans :

The Company pays contributions to provident fund, employee’s state insurance scheme and labour welfare fund to publicly administered
funds as per the local regulations. The Company has no further legal or constructive obligations once the contributions have been paid.
The contributions are accounted for as defined contribution plans and the contributions are recognised as employee benefit expense
when they are due.

Defined Contribution Plan - Superannuation Scheme:

The Company pays contribution to the superannuation scheme, a defined contribution scheme, administered by the insurance company.
The Company has no further legal or constructive obligation to the scheme apart from the contribution made on a monthly basis. The
contributions are accounted for as defined contribution plans and the contributions are recognised as employee benefit expense when
they are due. The scheme is funded with an insurance Company in the form of qualifying insurance policies. Prepaid contributions are
recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in the future payments is available.

(iv) Termination benefits

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Company before the normal retirement date, or when an
employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Company recognises termination benefits at the earlier of
the following dates: (a) when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; and (b) when the entity recognises costs
for a restructuring that is within the scope of Ind AS 37 and involves the payment of terminations benefits. In the case of an offer made
to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the
offer. Benefits falling due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are discounted to present value.

The Company also has a termination benefit plan for its employees, i.e. Medical Voluntary retirement scheme in which employees
suffering from continued ill-health not amounting to occupational disease and thereby unable to perform normal duties of their post.
Under the Scheme, the benefits will be given for a retired employee for a maximum period up to 10 years or age of retirement, whichever
is earlier. In case of early death of the employee, the legal heir of the employee shall get 50% of separation benefit for the rest of the
benefit period. The costs of providing benefits under the said plan is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation at each year-end.
Separate actuarial valuation is carried out for the plan using the projected unit credit method. Remeasurements as a result of experience
adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions (i.e. actuarial losses/ gains) are recognised in the Statement of Standalone Profit and
Loss. This Scheme is not funded.

M. Borrowings

Borrowings are initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost.
Borrowings are removed from the balance sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired.

N. Trade and other payables

These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid.
Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. They are
recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

O. Derivatives that are not designated as hedges

The Company enters into certain derivative contracts to hedge risks which are not designated as hedges. Such derivatives are initially
recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured to their fair value at the end of each
reporting period and impact is recorded in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss.

P. Revenue recognition

Revenue from contracts with customers of chemical division and environmental & biotech division is recognized on transfer of control of goods
or services to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company is expected to be entitled to in exchange for
those goods or services.

Revenue towards satisfaction of a performance obligation is measured at the amount of transaction price (net of variable consideration)
allocated to that performance obligation. The transaction price of goods sold and services rendered is net of variable consideration on account

of discounts offered by the Company as part of the contract. This variable consideration is estimated based on the expected value of outflow.
Revenue (net of variable consideration) is recognized only to the extent that it is highly probable that the amount will not be subject to significant
reversal when uncertainty relating to its recognition is resolved.

The Company does not have any contracts where the period between the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customer and
payment by the customer exceeds one year, except for retention money towards performance under the contract which are retained for reasons
other than the provision of finance to the customer. As a consequence, the Company does not adjust any of the transaction prices for the time
value of money.

The Company collects goods and services tax (GST) on behalf of the government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the
Company. Hence, it is excluded from revenue.

Sale of goods:

Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the Company satisfies a performance obligation in accordance with the provisions of contract
with the customer. This is achieved when control of the goods has been transferred to the customer, which is generally determined when title,
ownership, risk of obsolescence and loss pass to the customer and the Company has present right to payment, all of which occurs at a point
in time upon shipment or delivery of goods.

Sale of services

Revenue from processing of chemical products on job work basis is recognized at point in time upon dispatch of processed products. Revenue
from waste management services is recognised over the period of time as per the terms of the contract with customers.

In certain customer contracts for export of goods, shipping and handling services are treated as a distinct separate performance obligation and
the Company recognises revenue for such services at a point in time when the performance obligation is completed.

Other operating revenue

Export incentives on export of goods are recognised where there is a reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions
attached to it and incentive will be received. Export incentives are included under ‘Other operating revenue’.

Revenue from sale of scrap material is recognised at point in time upon disposal.

Q. Dividends

Provision is made for the amount of any dividend declared, being appropriately authorized and no longer at the discretion of the Company, on
or before the end of the reporting period but not distributed at the end of the reporting period.

R. Government grants

Grants from the government are recognised at their fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and the
Company will comply with all attached conditions.

Government grants are recognised in the statement of standalone profit and loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the Company
recognises as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate. Other government grants (grants related to
income) are recognized as income over the periods necessary to match them with the costs for which they are intended to compensate, on
a systematic basis. Government grants that are receivable as compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or for the purpose of
providing immediate financial support with no future related costs are recognized in the statement of standalone profit and loss in the period
in which they become receivable.

Grants related to income are presented under Other Operating Revenue or Other Income in the statement of standalone profit and loss
depending upon the nature of the underlying grant, except for grants received in the form of rebate or exemptions related to expenditures,
which are deducted in reporting the related expense.

S. Income tax

Income tax expense comprises current tax expense and deferred tax.

The current tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period.
Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to
interpretation and considers whether it is probable that a taxation authority will accept on uncertain tax treatment. The Company measures
its tax balances either based on the most likely amount or the expected value, depending on which method provides a better prediction of the
resolution of the uncertainty.

Deferred tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and
their carrying amounts in the standalone financial statements. However, deferred tax liabilities are not recognised if they arise from the initial
recognition of Goodwill. Deferred tax is also not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other
than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting profit nor taxable profit (tax loss). Deferred tax is
determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to
apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable
amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses.

Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the Company has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a
net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset where there is a legally
enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and where the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority.

Current and deferred tax is recognised in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised
in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity,
respectively.

T. Segment reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker (‘CODM’).
The board of directors of Excel Industries Limited has appointed the executive chairman and managing director as CODM who assesses the
financial performance and position of the Company, and makes strategic decisions. See note 44 for segment information presented.

U. Foreign currency translation

(i) Functional and presentation currency

Items included in the standalone financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which
the entity operates (‘the functional currency’). The standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR), which is the
Company’s functional and presentation currency.

(ii) Transaction and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the date of transactions. Foreign
exchange gains and losses resulting from settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities
denominated in foreign currencies at year-end exchange rates are generally recognised in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss.
Foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss on a net basis within foreign exchange
gain / (loss).

Non-monetary foreign currency items are carried at cost.

V. Off-setting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet where there is a legally enforceable right
to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.
The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the
event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

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Mar 31, 2024

NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

This note provides a list of the material accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these standalone financial statements. These accounting policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented by the Company unless otherwise stated.

These standalone financial statements were authorised for issue by the Company’s Board of Directors on May 24, 2024.

A. Basis of preparation

(i) Compliance with Ind AS and Schedule III

The standalone financial statements comply in all material aspects with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013, (Ind AS compliant schedule III), as applicable to these standalone financial statements.

(ii) Historical cost convention

The standalone financial statements have been prepared on historical cost basis, except the following which are measured at fair value:

• certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments).

• defined benefit plans - plan assets.

(iii) New and amended standards adopted by the Company

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs had vide notification dated March 31, 2023 notified Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2023 which amended certain accounting standards (see below), and are effective April 1, 2023:

• Disclosure of acccounting policies - amendment to Ind AS 1.

• Disclosure of acccounting estimates - amendment to Ind AS 8.

• Deferred tax related to assets and liabilties arising from a single transaction - amendment to Ind AS 12.

The other amendments to Ind AS notified by these rules are primarily in the nature of clarifications.

These amendments did not have any material impact on the amounts recognised in prior period and are not expected to significantly affect the current or further periods. Specifically, no changes would be necessary as consequences of amendments made to Ind AS 12 as the Company’s accounting policy already complies with now mandatory treatment.

(iv) Current and non-current classification

All Assets and Liabilities have been classified as current or noncurrent as per the Company’s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of services provided and time between the rendering of services and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

B. Property, plant and equipment

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation and impairments, if any. Historical cost includes tax, duties, freight and other incidental expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items. Indirect expenses during construction period, which are required to bring the asset in the condition for its intended use by the management and are directly attributable to bringing the asset to its position, are also capitalized.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Capital work-in-progress comprises the cost of assets that are not yet ready for their intended use at the year end and are stated at historical cost and impairment, if any.

Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is calculated on a straight line basis considering the following useful lives prescribed under schedule II of the Companies Act 2013 or those estimated by the management, considering the factors such as expected usage of the asset, physical wear and tear, technical or commercial obsolescence arising from changes or improvements in production, or from a change in the market demand for the product or service output of the asset, legal or similar limits on the use of the asset etc.

C. Leases

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

As a lessee

The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.

i) Right-of-use assets

The Company recognises right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are generally depreciated over the shorter of the asset’s useful life and the lease term on a straight-line basis and if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise a purchase option, the right-of-use assets is depreciated over the underlying asset’s useful life. The estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:

ii) Lease Liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. Contracts may contain both lease and non-lease components. The Company allocates the consideration in contract to the lease and non-lease components based on their relative stand-alone prices.

The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease. If that rate cannot be readily determined, which is generally the case for the leases in the Company, the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate is used, being the rate that the individual lessee would have to pay to borrow the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value to the right-to-use asset in a similar economic environment with similar terms, security and conditions.

The Company is exposed to potential future increases in variable lease payments based on the index or rate, which are not included in the lease liability until they take effect. When adjustments to lease payments based on an index or rate take effect, the lease liability is reassessed and adjusted against the right-of-use assets.

iii) Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

Payments associated with short-term leases of equipment and all leases of low-value assets are recognised on a straight-line basis as an expense in profit or loss. Short-term leases are leases with lease term of 12 months or less. Low value assets comprises IT equipment and small items of office furniture and equipment.

As a lessor

Lease income from operating leases where the Company is a lessor is recognised in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

D. Investment properties

Properties that are held for long-term rentals yields or for capital appreciation or both, and that are not occupied by the Company, is classified as investment property.

Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including related transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

I nvestment properties which includes buildings are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives i.e. 60 years. The useful life has been determined based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events.

E. Goodwill and other intangible assets

(i) Goodwill

Goodwill is not amortised but it is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired, and is carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units for the purpose of impairment testing. The allocation is made to those cash-generating units or group of cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the business combination in which goodwill arose. The units or groups of units are identified at the lowest level at which goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes, which in our case are the operating segments.

(ii) Other intangible assets

Description of Asset Useful life

Computer software 4 years

Assets individually costing INR 25,000 or less are amortised fully in the year of acquisition.

F. Investments in subsidiaries and joint venture

The investments in subsidiaries and joint venture are carried in the financial statements at historical cost except when the investment, or a portion thereof, is classified as held for sale, in which case measured at lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Investments in subsidiaries and joint venture carried at cost are tested for impairment in accordance with Ind AS 36 Impairment of Assets. The carrying amount of the investment is tested for impairment as a single asset by comparing its recoverable amount with its carrying amount, any impairment loss recognised reduces the carrying amount of the investment.

G. Investments and other financial assets

(i) Classification

The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:

• those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through other comprehensive income, or through the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss), and

• those measured at amortised cost.

The classification depends on the Company’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows. For assets measured at fair value, gains and losses will either be recorded in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss or other comprehensive income. For investments in debt instruments, this will depend on the business model in which the investment is held. For investments in equity instruments, this will depend on whether the Company has made an irrevocable election at the time of initial recognition to account for the equity investment at fair value through other comprehensive income.

(ii) Recognition and derecognition

Regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on trade-date, being the date on which the Company commits to purchase or sale the financial asset. Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets have expired or have been transferred and the group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership.

(iii) Measurement

At initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through the Profit or Loss are expensed in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss.

(a) Debt Instruments

Subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the Company’s business model for managing the asset and the cash flow characteristics of the asset. There are three measurement categories into which the Company classifies its debt instruments.

- Amortised cost:

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the effective interest rate method. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition is recognised directly in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss and presented as separate line item in other expenses. Impairment losses are presented as separate line item in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss. Debt instrument under this category comprises of investment in bonds, trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents, bank balances other than cash and cash equivalents, loans to employees and other financial assets.

- Fair Value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI)

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets’ cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI). The Company does not have debt instrument measured under this category.

- Fair Value through Profit or Loss (FVPL)

Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVOCI are measured at fair value through profit or loss. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss is recognised in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss and presented on net basis within other income in the period in which it arises. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income. Debt instrument under this category comprises of investmens in mutual funds that do not qualify for measurement at either at amortised cost or FVOCI.

(b) Equity instruments

The Company subsequently measures all equity investments at fair value. Where the Company’s management has elected to present fair value gains and losses on equity investments in other comprehensive income, there is no subsequent reclassification

of fair value gains and losses to profit or loss following the derecognition of the investment. Dividends from such investments are recognised in Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss as other income when the Company’s right to receive payments is established.

Changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are recognised in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss. Impairment losses (and reversal of impairment losses) on equity investments measured at FVOCI are not reported separately from other changes in fair value. Instruments under this category comprises of investment in quoted and unquoted equity instruments.

(iv) Impairment of financial assets

The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost and FVOCI debt instruments. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk. Note 42 details how the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk.

(v) Income recognition Interest income

I nterest income from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss is disclosed as interest income within other income. Interest income on financial assets at amortised cost is calculated using the effective interest method is recognised in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss as part of other income.

Interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset except for financial assets that subsequently become credit-impaired. For credit-impaired financial assets the effective interest rate is applied to the net carrying amount of the financial asset (after deduction of the loss allowance).

Dividends

Dividends are received from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss and at FVOCI. Dividends are recognised as other income in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss when the right to receive payment is established. This applies even if they are paid out of pre-acquisition profits, unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment.

H. Impairment of non-financial assets

Goodwill and intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortisation and are tested annually for impairment, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. Other assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets (cash-generating units). Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at the end of each reporting period.

I. Inventories

Raw materials, stores and spares, packing materials, work in progress, traded and finished goods are stated as lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost of Raw materials, stores and spares, packing materials and traded goods comprises of cost of purchases. Cost of work-in-progress and finished goods comprises direct materials, direct labour and an appropriate proportion of variable and fixed overhead expenditure, the latter being allocated on the basis of normal operating capacity. Cost of inventories also include all other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Costs are assigned to individual items of inventory on the basis of monthly moving weighted average. Costs of purchased inventory are determined after deducting rebates and discounts. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated cost of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Materials and other supplies held for use in production of inventories (work-in-progress and finished goods) are not written down below the cost if the finished products in which they will be used are expected to sell at or above the cost.

By-products and unserviceable / damaged finished goods are valued at estimated net realisable value.

J. Trade receivables

Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for goods sold or services performed in the ordinary course of business and reflects Company’s unconditional right to consideration (that is, payment is due only on the passage of time). Trade receivables are recognised initially at the transaction price as they do not contain significant financing components. The Company holds the trade receivables with the objective of collecting the contractual cash flows and therefore measures them subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less loss allowance.

The Company applies the simplified approach required by Ind AS 109, which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognised from initial recognition of the receivables.

K. Cash and cash equivalents

For the purpose of presentation in the Statement of Standalone cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities in the balance sheet.

L. Employee benefits

(i) Short-term obligations

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employee’s services up to the end of the reporting and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled.

The Company recognises a liability and an expense for bonuses. The Company recognises a provision where contractually obliged or where there is a past practice that has created a constructive obligation.

(ii) Long-term employee benefit obligations

Leave Obligation:

The liabilities for leave obligation which are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employee render the related services, are measured as the present value of expected payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period using the Projected Unit Credit method. The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligations. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions (i.e. actuarial losses/ gains) are recognised in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss. These obligations are valued annually by independent qualified actuary. Long Service awards:

The Company provides for the long service awards for eligible employees as per the scheme announced by the Company. The liability towards the long services awards is provided at each balance sheet date on the basis of independent actuary valuation. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss.

(iii) Post-employment obligations Defined benefit plan - Gratuity:

The liability or asset recognised in the balance sheet in respect of gratuity plans is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by actuaries using the projected unit credit method.

The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. The estimated future payments are discounted using market yields determined by reference to high-quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid, and that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. The net interest cost, calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of the plan assets, is recognised as employee benefit expenses in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss. Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss as past service cost.

Defined Contribution Plans:

The Company pays contributions to provident fund, employee’s state insurance scheme and labour welfare fund to publicly administered funds as per the local regulations. The Company has no further legal or constructive obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are accounted for as defined contribution plans and the contributions are recognised as employee benefit expense when they are due.

Defined Contribution Plan - Superannuation Scheme:

The Company pays contribution to the superannuation scheme, a defined contribution scheme, administered by the insurance company. The Company has no further legal or constructive obligation to the scheme apart from the contribution made on a monthly basis. The contributions are accounted for as defined contribution plans and the contributions are recognised as employee benefit expense when they are due. The scheme is funded with an insurance Company in the form of qualifying insurance policies. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in the future payments is available.

(iv) Termination benefits

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Company before the normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Company recognises termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates: (a) when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; and (b) when the entity recognises costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of Ind AS 37 and involves the payment of terminations benefits. In the case of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the offer. Benefits falling due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are discounted to present value.

The Company also has a termination benefit plan for its employees, i.e. Medical Voluntary retirement scheme in which employees suffering from continued ill-health not amounting to occupational disease and thereby unable to perform normal duties of their post. Under the Scheme, the benefits will be given for a retired employee for a maximum period up to 10 years or age of retirement, whichever is earlier. In case of early death of the employee, the legal heir of the employee shall get 50% of separation benefit for the rest of the benefit period. The costs of providing benefits under the said plan is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation at each year-end. Separate actuarial valuation is carried out for the plan using the projected unit credit method. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions (i.e. actuarial losses/ gains) are recognised in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss. This Scheme is not funded.

M. Borrowings

Borrowings are initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Borrowings are removed from the balance sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired.

N. Trade and other payables

These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. They are recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

O. Derivatives that are not designated as hedges

The Company enters into certain derivative contracts to hedge risks which are not designated as hedges. Such derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period and impact is recorded in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss.

P. Revenue recognition

Revenue from contracts with customers of chemical division and environmental & biotech division is recognized on transfer of control of goods or services to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company is expected to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.

Revenue towards satisfaction of a performance obligation is measured at the amount of transaction price (net of variable consideration) allocated to that performance obligation. The transaction price of goods sold and services rendered is net of variable consideration on account

of discounts offered by the Company as part of the contract. This variable consideration is estimated based on the expected value of outflow. Revenue (net of variable consideration) is recognized only to the extent that it is highly probable that the amount will not be subject to significant reversal when uncertainty relating to its recognition is resolved.

The Company does not have any contracts where the period between the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customer and payment by the customer exceeds one year, except for retention money towards performance under the contract which are retained for reasons other than the provision of finance to the customer. As a consequence, the Company does not adjust any of the transaction prices for the time value of money.

The Company collects goods and services tax (GST) on behalf of the government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the Company. Hence, it is excluded from revenue.

Sale of goods:

Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the Company satisfies a performance obligation in accordance with the provisions of contract with the customer. This is achieved when control of the goods has been transferred to the customer, which is generally determined when title, ownership, risk of obsolesce and loss pass to the customer and the Company has present right to payment, all of which occurs at a point in time upon shipment or delivery of goods.

Sale of services

Revenue from processing of chemical products on job work basis is recognized at point in time upon dispatch of processed products. Revenue from waste management services is recognised over the period of time as per the terms of the contract with customers.

In certain customer contracts for export of goods, shipping and handling services are treated as a distinct separate performance obligation and the Company recognises revenue for such services at a point in time when the performance obligation is completed.

Other operating revenue

Export incentives on export of goods are recognised where there is a reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attached to it and incentive will be received. Export incentives are included under ‘Other operating revenue’.

Revenue from sale of scrap material is recognised at point in time upon disposal.

Q. Dividends

Provision is made for the amount of any dividend declared, being appropriately authorized and no longer at the discretion of the Company, on or before the end of the reporting period but not distributed at the end of the reporting period.

R. Government grants

Grants from the government are recognised at their fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and the Company will comply with all attached conditions.

Government grants are recognised in the statement of standalone profit and loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the Company recognises as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate. Other government grants (grants related to income) are recognized as income over the periods necessary to match them with the costs for which they are intended to compensate, on a systematic basis. Government grants that are receivable as compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or for the purpose of providing immediate financial support with no future related costs are recognized in the statement of standalone profit and loss in the period in which they become receivable.

Grants related to income are presented under Other Operating Revenue or Other Income in the statement of standalone profit and loss depending upon the nature of the underlying grant, except for grants received in the form of rebate or exemptions related to expenditures, which are deducted in reporting the related expense.

S. Income tax

Income tax expense comprises current tax expense and deferred tax.

The current tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation and considers whether it is probable that a taxation authority will accept on uncertain tax treatment. The Company measures its tax balances either based on the most likely amount or the expected value, depending on which method provides a better prediction of the resolution of the uncertainty.

Deferred tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the standalone financial statements. However, deferred tax liabilities are not recognised if they arise from the initial recognition of Goodwill. Deferred tax is also not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting profit nor taxable profit (tax loss). Deferred tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses.

Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the Company has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset where there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and where the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority.

Current and deferred tax is recognised in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

T. Segment reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker (‘CODM’). The board of directors of Excel Industries Limited has appointed the executive chairman and managing director as CODM who assesses the financial performance and position of the Company, and makes strategic decisions. See note 44 for segment information presented.

U. Foreign currency translation

(i) Functional and presentation currency

I tems included in the standalone financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (‘the functional currency’). The standalone financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee (INR), which is the Company’s functional and presentation currency.

(ii) Transaction and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the date of transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year-end exchange rates are generally recognised in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss. Foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss on a net basis within foreign exchange gain / (loss).

Non-monetary foreign currency items are carried at cost and accordingly the investments in shares of foreign entity are expressed in Indian currency at the rate of exchange prevailing at the time when the original investments are made.

V. Off-setting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet where there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

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Mar 31, 2023

NOTE 1 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Contd.)

(ii) Transaction and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the date of transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year-end exchange rates are generally recognised in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss.

Foreign exchange differences arising on foreign currency borrowings are presented in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss, within finance costs. All other foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss on a net basis within foreign exchange gain / (loss).

Non-monetary foreign currency items are carried at cost and accordingly the investments in shares of foreign entity are expressed in Indian currency at the rate of exchange prevailing at the time when the original investments are made.

D. Revenue recognition

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized on transfer of control of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company is expected to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.

Revenue towards satisfaction of a performance obligation is measured at the amount of transaction price (net of variable consideration) allocated to that performance obligation. The transaction price of goods sold and services rendered is net of variable consideration on account of discounts offered by the Company as part of the contract. This variable consideration is estimated based on the expected value of outflow. Revenue (net of variable consideration) is recognized only to the extent that it is highly probable that the amount will not be subject to significant reversal when uncertainty relating to its recognition is resolved.

In certain customer contracts, shipping and handling services are treated as a distinct separate performance obligation and the Company recognises revenue for such services at a point in time when the performance obligation is completed.

The Company does not have any contracts where the period between the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customer and payment by the customer exceeds one year, except for retention money towards performance under the contract which are retained for reasons other than the provision of finance to the customer. As a consequence, the Company does not adjust any of the transaction prices for the time value of money.

Sale of goods:

Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when the Company satisfies a performance obligation in accordance with the provisions of contract with the customer. This is achieved when control of the goods has been transferred to the customer, which is generally determined when title, ownership, risk of obsolesce and loss pass to the customer and the Company has present right to payment, all of which occurs at a point in time upon shipment or delivery of goods. The Company collects goods and services tax (GST) on behalf of the government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the Company. Hence, it is excluded from revenue.

Income from services

Revenue from services is recognized over time by measuring progress towards satisfaction of performance obligation for the services rendered. The Company collects GST on behalf of the government and, therefore, it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company. Hence, it is excluded from revenue.

Export incentives

Export incentives are recognised where there is a reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions and incentive will be received. Export incentives are included under ‘Other operating revenue’.

E. Government Grants

Grants from the government are recognised at their fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and the Company will comply with all attached conditions.

Government grants relating to income are deferred and recognised in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss over the period necessary to match them with the costs that they are intended to compensate and presented within other income.

Government grants relating to the purchase of property, plant and equipment are included in non-current liabilities as deferred income and are credited to the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the expected lives of the related assets and presented within other income.

F. Income Tax

The income tax expense or credit for the period is the tax payable on the current period’s taxable income based on the applicable income tax rate adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences and to unused tax losses, if any.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation and considers whether it is probable that a taxation authority will accept on uncertain tax treatment. The Company measures its tax balances either based on the most likely amount or the expected value, depending on which method provides a better prediction of the resolution of the uncertainty.

Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the standalone financial statements. However, deferred tax liabilities are not recognised if they arise from the initial recognition of Goodwill. Deferred income tax is also not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting profit nor taxable profit (tax loss). Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset where there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and where the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the Company has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Current and deferred tax is recognised in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

G. Leases As a lessee

The leases are recognised as a right-of-use assets and corresponding liability at the date at which the leased assets are available for use by the Company. Contracts may contain both lease and non-lease components. The Company allocates the consideration in contract to the lease and non-lease components based on their relative stand-alone prices.

Assets and liabilities arising from a lease are initially measured on a present value basis. Lease liabilities include the net present value of the following lease payments (as applicable):

(a) Fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments), less any lease incentives receivable

(b) Variable lease payment that are based on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date

(c) Amounts expected to be payable by the Company under residual value guarantees

(d) The exercise price of a purchase option if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option, and

(e) Payments of the penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the Company exercising that option.

Lease payments to be made under reasonably certain extension options are also included in the measurement of the liability. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease. If that rate cannot be readily determined, which is generally the case for the leases in the Company, the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate is used, being the rate that the individual lessee would have to pay to borrow the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value to the right-to-use asset in a similar economic environment with similar terms, security and conditions.

To determine the incremental borrowing rate, the Company:

(a) where possible, uses recent third party financing received by the individual lessee as a starting point, adjusted to reflect changes in financing conditions since third party financing was received;

(b) uses a build up approach that starts with a risk free interest rate adjusted for credit risk for leases held by the Company, which does not have recent third party financing, and

(c) makes adjustments specific to the lease, e.g. term, country, currency and security.

The Company is exposed to potential future increases in variable lease payments based on the index or rate, which are not included in the lease liability until they take effect. When adjustments to lease payments based on an index or rate take effect, the lease liability is reassessed and adjusted against the right-of-use assets.

Lease payments are allocated between principal and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to profit or loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.

Right-of-use assets are measured at cost comprising the following (as applicable):

(a) the amount of the initial measurement of lease liability,

(b) any lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received,

(c) any initial direct costs, and

(d) restoration costs.

Right-of-use assets are generally depreciated over the shorter of the asset’s useful life and the lease term on a straight-line basis. If the Company is reasonably certain to exercise a purchase option, the right-of-use assets is depreciated over the underlying asset’s useful life.

Payments associated with short-term leases of equipment and all leases of low-value assets are recognised on a straight-line basis as an expense in profit or loss. Short-term leases are leases with lease term of 12 months or less. Low value assets comprises IT equipment and small items of office furniture and equipment.

As a lessor

Lease income from operating leases where the Company is a lessor is recognised in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Initial direct costs incurred in obtaining an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the underlying asset and recognised as expense over the lease term on the same basis as lease income. The respective leased assets are included in the balance sheet based on their nature.

H. Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

Goodwill and intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortisation and are tested annually for impairment, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. Other assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash inflows which are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets (cash-generating units). Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at the end of each reporting period.

I. Cash and Cash Equivalents

For the purpose of presentation in the Statement of Standalone cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities in the balance sheet.

J. Trade Receivables

Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for goods sold or services performed in the ordinary course of business and reflects Company’s unconditional right to consideration (that is, payment is due only on the passage of time). Trade receivables are recognised initially at the transaction price as they do not contain significant financing components. The Company holds the trade receivables with the objective of collecting the contractual cash flows and therefore measures them subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less loss allowance.

K. Inventories

Raw materials, stores and spares, packing materials, work in progress, traded and finished goods are stated as lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost of Raw materials, stores and spares, packing materials and traded goods comprises of cost of purchases. Cost of work-in-progress and finished goods comprises direct materials, direct labour and an appropriate proportion of variable and fixed overhead expenditure, the latter being allocated on the basis of normal operating capacity. Cost of inventories also include all other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Costs are assigned to individual items of inventory on the basis of monthly moving weighted average. Costs of purchased inventory are determined after deducting rebates and discounts. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated cost of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Materials and other supplies held for use in production of inventories (work-in-progress and finished goods) are not written down below the cost if the finished products in which they will be used are expected to sell at or above the cost.

By-products and unserviceable / damaged finished goods are valued at estimated net realisable value.

L. Non-current assets (or disposal groups) held for sale and discontinued operations

Non-current assets (or disposal groups) are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use and a sale is considered highly probable. They are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell, except for assets such as deferred tax assets, assets arising from employee benefits, financial assets and contractual rights under insurance contracts, which are specifically exempt from this requirement.

An impairment loss is recognised for any initial or subsequent write-down of the asset (or disposal group) to fair value less costs to sell. A gain is recognised for any subsequent increases in fair value less costs to sell of an asset (or disposal group), but not in excess of any cumulative impairment loss previously recognised. A gain or loss not previously recognised by the date of the sale of the non-current asset (or disposal group) is recognised at the date of de-recognition.

Non-current assets (including those that are part of a disposal group) are not depreciated or amortised while they are classified as held for sale. Interest and other expenses attributable to the liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale continue to be recognised.

Non-current assets (including those that are part of a disposal group) classified as held for sale are presented separately from the other assets in the balance sheet. The liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from other liabilities in the balance sheet.

A discontinued operation is a component that has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale and that represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, is part of a single coordinated plan to dispose of such a line of business or area of operations. The results of discontinued operations are presented separately in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss.

M. Investments and other financial assets

(i) Classification

The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:

• those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through other comprehensive income, or through the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss), and

• those measured at amortised cost.

The classification depends on the Company’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows. For assets measured at fair value, gains and losses will either be recorded in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss or other comprehensive income. For investments in debt instruments, this will depend on the business model in which the investment is held. For investments in equity instruments, this will depend on whether the Company has made an irrevocable election at the time of initial recognition to account for the equity investment at fair value through other comprehensive income.

(ii) Recognition

Regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on trade-date, being the date on which the Company commits to purchase or sale the financial asset.

(iii) Measurement

At initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through the Profit or Loss are expensed in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss.

(a) Debt Instruments

Subsequent measurement of debt instruments depends on the Company’s business model for managing the asset and the cash flow characteristics of the asset. There are three measurement categories into which the Company classifies its debt instruments.

- Amortised cost:

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the effective interest rate method. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition is recognised directly in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss and presented as separate line item in other expenses. Impairment losses are presented as separate line item in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss.

- Fair Value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI)

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets’ cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI). Movements in the carrying amount are taken through OCI, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest income and foreign exchange gains and losses which are recognised in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from equity to profit or loss and presented as separate line in other expenses. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the effective interest rate method. Foreign exchange gains and losses are presented as net foreign exchange (gain) / loss and impairment expenses are presented as separate line item in other expenses in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss.

- Fair Value through Profit or Loss (FVPL)

Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVOCI are measured at fair value through profit or loss. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss is recognised in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss and presented on net basis within other income in the period in which it arises. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income.

(b) Equity instruments

The Company subsequently measures all equity investments at fair value. Where the Company’s management has elected to present fair value gains and losses on equity investments in other comprehensive income, there is no subsequent reclassification of fair value gains and losses to profit or loss following the derecognition of the investment. Dividends from such investments are recognised in Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss as other income when the Company’s right to receive payments is established.

Changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are recognised in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss. Impairment losses (and reversal of impairment losses) on equity investments measured at FVOCI are not reported separately from other changes in fair value.

(iv) impairment of financial assets

The Company assesses on a forward looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its assets carried at amortised cost and FVOCI debt instruments. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk. Note 42 details how the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk.

For trade receivables only, the Company applies the simplified approach required by Ind AS 109, which requires expected lifetime losses to be recognised from initial recognition of the receivables.

(v) Derecognition of financial assets

A financial asset is derecognised only when

• The Company has transferred the rights to receive cash flows from the financial asset or

• retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients.

Where the Company has transferred an asset, the Company evaluates whether it has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset. In such cases, the financial asset is derecognised. Where the Company has not transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is not derecognised.

Where the Company has neither transferred a financial asset nor retains substantially all risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the financial asset is derecognised if the Company has not retained control of the financial asset. Where the Company retains control of the financial asset, the asset is continued to be recognised to the extent of continuing involvement in the financial asset.

(vi) income recognition interest income

Interest income from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss is disclosed as interest income within other income. Interest income on financial assets at amortised cost and financial assets at FVOCI is calculated using the effective interest method is recognised in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss as part of other income.

Interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset except for financial assets that subsequently become credit-impaired. For credit-impaired financial assets the effective interest rate is applied to the net carrying amount of the financial asset (after deduction of the loss allowance).

Dividends

Dividends are received from financial assets at fair value through profit or loss and at FVOCI. Dividends are recognised as other income in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss when the right to receive payment is established. This applies even if they are paid out of pre-acquisition profits, unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment.

N. Derivatives and hedging activities

Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period and impact is recorded in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss.

The full fair value of a hedging derivative is classified as a non-current asset or liability when the remaining maturity of the hedged item is more than 12 months, it is classified as a current asset or liability when the remaining maturity of the hedged item is less than 12 months.

O. Off-setting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet where there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

P. Property, Plant and Equipment

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation and impairments, if any. Historical cost includes tax, duties, freight and other incidental expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items. Indirect expenses during construction period, which are required to bring the asset in the condition for its intended use by the management and are directly attributable to bringing the asset to its position, are also capitalized.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognised when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

Capital work-in-progress comprises the cost of fixed assets that are not yet ready for their intended use at the year end.

The useful lives are based on historical experience with similar assets considering expected usage of assets, expected physical wear and tear, technical or commercial obsolescence etc. The residual values are not more than 5% of the original cost of the asset. The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

The assets residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate at end of each reporting period.

An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount. These are included in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss.

Q. Investment properties

Properties that are held for long-term rentals yields or for capital appreciation or both, and that are not occupied by the Company, is classified as investment property.

Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including related transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Subsequent expenditure is capitalised to the asset’s carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company and cost of the item can be measured reliably. All the other repairs and maintenance costs are expensed when incurred. When part of an investment property is replaced, the carrying amount of the replaced part is de recognised.

I nvestment properties are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. Investment properties (Building) generally have a useful life of 60 years. The useful life has been determined based on historical experience with similar assets as well as anticipation of future events. Though the Company measures investment property using cost based measurement, the fair value of investment property is disclosed in the notes. Fair values are determined based on evaluation performed by an accredited external independent valuer.

Investment properties are derecognised either when they have been disposed of or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss in the period of derecognition.

R. Intangible assets and Amortisation

Intangible assets other than goodwill, are amortised over their respective individual estimated useful lives on a straight line basis, but not exceeding the period given here under:

(i) Goodwill

Goodwill on acquisitions of business is included in intangible assets. Goodwill is not amortised but it is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired, and is carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units for the purpose of impairment testing. The allocation is made to those cash-generating units or group of cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the business combination in which goodwill arose. The units or groups of units are identified at the lowest level at which goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes, which in our case are the operating segments.

(iii) Research and development

Research expenditure and development expenditure that do not meet the criteria mentioned in Ind AS 38 are recognised as an expense as incurred. Development costs previously recognised as an expense are not recognised as an asset in a subsequent period.

Assets individually costing INR 25,000 or less are amortised fully in the year of acquisition.

S. Trade and other payables

These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. They are recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

T. Borrowings

Borrowings are initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognised in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method. Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities are recognised as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down. In this case, the fee is deferred until the draw down occurs. To the extent there is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down, the fee is capitalised as a prepayment for liquidity services and amortised over the period of the facility to which it relates.

Borrowings are removed from the balance sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired. The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognised in the Statement of Standalone Profit and Loss.

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period. Where there is a breach of a material provision of a long-term loan arrangement on or before the end of the reporting period with the effect that the liability becomes payable on demand on the reporting date, the entity does not classify the liability as current, if the lender agreed, after the reporting period and before the approval of the financial statements for issue, not to demand payment as a consequence of the breach.

U. Borrowing Costs

General and specific borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale.

I nvestment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation.

Other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

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Mar 31, 2018

1. Significant accounting POLICIES:

This note provides a list of the significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these standalone financial statements. These accounting policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented by the company unless otherwise stated.

These standalone financial statements were authorised for issue by the company’s Board of Directors on May 25, 2018.

A. Basis of preparation

(i) Compliance with Ind AS

The standalone financial statements comply in all material aspects with Indian Accounting standards (Ind As) notified under section 133 of the companies Act, 2013 (the Act) [companies (Indian Accounting standards) Rules, 2015] and other relevant provisions of the Act.

These financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2018 are the first financial statements of the company prepared in accordance with Ind As. For all periods up to and including the year ended March 31, 2017, the company prepared its financial statements in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (hereinafter referred to as ‘previous GAAP’) used for its statutory reporting requirement in India. Refer Note 54 for an explanation of how the transition from the previous GAAP to Ind As has affected the company’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows. The company has adopted the Ind As standards in accordance with Ind As 101 First time adoption of Indian Accounting Standards.

The date of transition to Ind As is April 01, 2016. Refer Note 54 for the first time adoption exemptions availed by the company.

(ii) Historical Cost Convention

The standalone financial statements have been prepared on historical cost basis except the following:

- certain financial assets and liabilities (including derivative instruments) is measured at fair value;

- assets held for sale - measured at lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell;

- defined benefit plans - plan assets measured at fair value;

(iii) Amended standards adopted by the company

The amendments to Ind As 7 require disclosure of changes in liabilities arising from financing activities, refer note 25(f).

(iv) Current and non-current classification

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the company’s normal operating cycle (twelve months) and other criteria set out in the schedule III to the Act.

B. Segment Reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with internal reporting provided to the chief operating Decision Maker (coDM). The chairman and Managing Director is designated as coDM. Refer Note 45 for segment information presented.

C. Foreign Currency translation

(i) Functional and presentation currency

Items included in the standalone financial statements of the company are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (‘the functional currency’). The standalone financial statements are presented in Indian rupee (INR) which is the functional and presentation currency of the company.

(ii) Transaction and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates on the date of transaction. foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from settlement of such transactions and from translation of monetary assets and liabilities at the year-end exchange rates are generally recognized in the profit and loss.

Foreign exchange differences regarded as an adjustment to borrowing costs are presented in the statement of Profit and Loss, within finance costs. All other foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in the statement of Profit and Loss on a net basis.

Non-monetary foreign currency items are carried at cost and accordingly the investments in shares of foreign entity are expressed in Indian currency at the rate of exchange prevailing at the time when the original investments are made or fair values determined. exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items are recognized in the statement of Profit or Loss.

D. Revenue recognition

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Amounts disclosed as revenue are inclusive of excise duty and net of returns, trade allowances, rebates, value added taxes, goods and service tax (GsT) and amounts collected on behalf of third parties.

The company recognises revenue when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured, it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity and specific criteria have been met for each of the company’s activities as described below. The company bases its estimates on historical results, taking into consideration the type of customer, the type of transaction and the specifics of each arrangement.

Sale of goods:

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer usually on delivery of the goods. The company collects sales taxes and value added taxes (VAT) and Goods and service Tax (GsT) on behalf of the government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue. excise duty deducted from revenue (gross) is the amount that is included in the revenue (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arising during the year.

Income from services

Revenues from service contracts are recognised pro-rata over the period of the contract as and when services are rendered. The company collects service tax GsT on behalf of the government and, therefore, it is not an economic benefit flowing to the company. hence, it is excluded from revenue.

Export incentives

Income from export incentives such as duty drawback / MEIs scheme etc. are recognised on accrual basis to the extent the ultimate realisation is reasonably certain.

Interest Income

Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head “other income” in the statement of profit and loss.

Dividend

Dividend income is recognised when the Company’s right to receive dividend is established by the reporting date.

E. Government Grant

Grants from the government are recognised at their fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and the company will comply with all attached conditions.

Government grants relating to income are deferred and recognised in the profit or loss over the period necessary to match them with the costs that they are intended to compensate and presented within other income.

Government grants relating to the purchase of property, plant and equipment are included in non-current liabilities as deferred income and are credited to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the expected lives of the related assets and presented within other income.

F. Income Tax

The income tax expense or credit for the period is the tax payable on the current period’s taxable income based on the applicable income tax rate for each jurisdiction adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences and to unused tax losses.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the Balance sheet method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Current and deferred tax is recognised in profit and loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) credit, which is equal to the excess of MAT (calculated in accordance with provisions of Section 115JB of the Income tax Act, 1961) over normal income-tax is recognized as an item in deferred tax asset by crediting the statement of profit and loss only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the company will be able to avail the said credit against normal tax payable during the period of fifteen succeeding assessment years.

G. Leases

As a lessee

Leases of property, plant and equipment where the company, as lessee, has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Finance leases are capitalised at the lease’s inception at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding rental obligations, net of finance charges, are included in borrowings or other financial liabilities as appropriate.

Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to the statement of profit and loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.

Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are not transferred to the company as lessee are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases (net of any incentives received from the lessor) are charged to statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor’s expected inflationary cost increases.

As a lessor

Lease income from operating leases where the company is a lessor is recognised in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases. The respective leased assets are included in the balance sheet based on their nature.

H. Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

At the end of each reporting period, the company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of impairment loss (if any). When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. When a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognized in the profit or loss.

When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in statement of profit and loss.

I. Cash and Cash Equivalents

For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, other short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

J. Trade receivables

Trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment.

K. Inventories

Rsw materials, stores and spares, packing material, work in progress, stock in trade and finished goods are stated as lower of cost and net realisable value. cost of raw material and traded goods comprises of cost of purchases. cost of work-in-progress and finished goods comprises direct materials, direct labour and an appropriate proportion of variable and fixed overhead expenditure, the latter being allocated on the basis of normal operating capacity. cost of inventories also include all other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. cost includes the reclassification from equity of any gains or losses on qualifying cash flow hedges relating to purchases of raw material but excludes borrowings costs. costs are assigned to individual items of inventory on the basis of first-in first-out basis. costs of purchased inventory are determined after deducting rebates and discounts. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated cost of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

L. Non-current assets (or disposal groups) held for sale and discontinued operations

Non-current assets (or disposal groups) are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use and a sale is considered highly probable. They are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell, except for assets such as deferred tax assets, assets arising from employee benefits, financial assets and contractual rights under insurance contracts, which are specifically exempt from this requirement.

An impairment loss is recognised for any initial or subsequent write-down of the asset (or disposal group) to fair value less costs to sell. A gain is recognised for any subsequent increases in fair value less costs to sell of an asset (or disposal group), but not in excess of any cumulative impairment loss previously recognised. A gain or loss not previously recognised by the date of the sale of the non-current asset (or disposal group) is recognised at the date of de-recognition.

Non-current assets (including those that are part of a disposal group) are not depreciated or amortised while they are classified as held for sale. Interest and other expenses attributable to the liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale continue to be recognised.

Non-current assets classified as held for sale and the assets of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from the other assets in the balance sheet. The liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale are presented separately from other liabilities in the balance sheet.

A discontinued operation is a component of the entity that has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale and that represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, is part of a single co-ordinated plan to dispose of such a line of business or area of operations, or is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale. The results of discontinued operations are presented separately in the statement of profit and loss.

M. Investments and other financial assets

(i) Classification

The company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:

- those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through other comprehensive income, or through profit and loss), and

- those measured at amortised cost.

The classification depends on the entity’s business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows.

for assets measured at fair value, gains and losses will either be recorded in profit or loss or other comprehensive income. for investments in debt instruments, this will depend on the business model in which the investment is held. for investments in equity instruments, this will depend on whether the company has made an irrevocable election at the time of initial recognition to account for the equity investment at fair value through other comprehensive income.

The company reclassifies debt investments when and only when its business model for managing those assets changes.

(ii) Measurement

At initial recognition, the company measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit and loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit and loss are expensed in profit and loss.

Financial assets with embedded derivatives are considered in their entirety when determining whether their cash flows are solely payment of principal and interest.

Debt Instruments Amortised cost:

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at amortised cost and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in profit or loss when the asset is derecognised or impaired. Interest income from these financial assets is included in finance income using the effective interest rate method.

Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI)

Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows and for selling the financial assets, where the assets’ cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest, are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI). Movements in the carrying amount are taken through OCI, except for the recognition of impairment gains or losses, interest revenue and foreign exchange gains and losses which are recognised in profit and loss. When the financial asset is derecognised, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from equity to profit and loss and recognised in other gains/ (losses). Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income using the effective interest rate method. Foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in other gains and losses and impairment expenses in other expenses.

Fair Value through Profit and Loss (FVTPL)

Assets that do not meet the criteria for amortised cost or FVOCI are measured at fair value through profit and loss. A gain or loss on a debt investment that is subsequently measured at fair value through profit and loss and is not part of a hedging relationship is recognised in profit and loss and presented net in the statement of profit and loss within other gains/(losses) in the period in which it arises. Interest income from these financial assets is included in other income.

Equity instruments

The company subsequently measures all equity investments at fair value. Where the company’s management has elected to present fair value gains and losses on equity investments in other comprehensive income, there is no subsequent reclassification of fair value gains and losses to profit and loss following the derecognition of the investment. Dividends from such investments are recognised in profit and loss as other income when the company’s right to receive payments is established.

Changes in the fair value of financial assets at fair value through profit and loss are recognised in other gain/(losses) in the statement of profit and loss. Impairment losses (and reversal of impairment losses) on equity investments measured at FVOCI are not reported separately from other changes in fair value.

Impairment of financial assets

The company assesses if there is any significant increase in credit risk pertaining to the assets and accordingly creates necessary provisions, wherever required.

N. Derivatives and hedging activities

Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period and impact is recorded in the profit and loss account.

The full fair value of a hedging derivative is classified as a non-current asset or liability when the remaining maturity of the hedged item is more than 12 months; it is classified as a current asset or liability when the remaining maturity of the hedged item is less than 12 months. Trading derivatives are also classified as a current asset or liability when expected to be realised/settled within 12 months of the balance sheet date. Refer note 43 for disclosure of various derivatives financial instruments.

O. Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the company or the counterparty.

P. Property, Plant and Equipment

Freehold land is carried at historical cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation/amortisation and impairments, if any. Historical cost includes tax, duties, freight and other incidental expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items. Indirect expenses during construction period, which are required to bring the asset in the condition for its intended use by the management and are directly attributable to bringing the asset to its position, are also capitalized. cost may also include transfers from equity of any gains or losses on qualifying cash flow hedges of foreign currency purchases of property, plant and equipment.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognised when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to profit and loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

Capital work-in-progress comprises cost of fixed assets that are not yet ready for their intended use at the year end.

Transition to IND AS

on transition to Ind As, the company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant and equipment recognised as at April 1, 2016 measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of the property, plant and equipment.

Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value

As per technical evaluation of the company the useful life considered for the following items are different than the life stipulated in schedule II to the companies Act 2013

Assets individually costing INR 25,000 or less are depreciated fully in the year of acquisition.

The property, plant and equipment acquired under finance leases is depreciated over the asset’s useful life or over the shorter of the asset’s useful life and the lease term if there is no reasonable certainty that the company will obtain ownership at the end of the lease term.

The useful lives have been determined based on technical evaluation done by the management’s expert which are higher than those specified by schedule II to the companies Act; 2013, in order to reflect the actual usage of the assets. The residual values are not more than 5% of the original cost of the asset. The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount. These are included in profit and loss within other gains/(losses).

Q. Investment property

Investment properties are properties that is held for long-term rentals yields or for capital appreciation (including property under construction for such purposes) or both, and that is not occupied by the company, is classified as investment property.

Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

Investment properties are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. Investment properties generally have useful life of 25-40 years. The useful life has been determined based on technical evaluation performed by the management expert.

Though the company measures investment property using cost based measurement, the fair value of investment property is disclosed in the notes. fair values are determined based on an annual evaluation performed by an accredited external independent valuer. Investment properties are derecognised either when they have been disposed of or when they are permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefit is expected from their disposal. The difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognised in profit and loss in the period of derecognition.

Transition to Ind AS

on transition to Ind As, the company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its investment properties recognised as at April 1, 2016 measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of investment properties.

R. Intangible assets and Amortisation

Intangible assets are amortised over their respective individual estimated useful lives on a straight line basis, but not exceeding the period given here under:

Transition to Ind AS

on transition to Ind As, the company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of intangible assets recognised as at April 1, 2016 measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of intangible assets.

S. Trade and other payables

These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the company prior to the end of financial year which are unpaid. Trade and other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months after the reporting period. They are recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

T. Borrowings

Borrowings are initially recognised at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognised in profit and loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method. Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities are recognised as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down. In this case, the fee is deferred until the draw down occurs. To the extent there is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down, the fee is capitalised as a prepayment for liquidity services and amortised over the period of the facility to which it relates.

Borrowings are removed from the balance sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired. The difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid, including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed, is recognised in profit and loss as other gains/(losses)

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period. Where there is a breach of a material provision of a long-term loan arrangement on or before the end of the reporting period with the effect that the liability becomes payable on demand on the reporting date, the entity does not classify the liability as current, if the lender agreed, after the reporting period and before the approval of the financial statements for issue, not to demand payment as a consequence of the breach.

U. Borrowing Costs

General and specific borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale.

I nvestment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation.

Other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

V. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events but their existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or where any present obligation cannot be measured in terms of future outflow of resources or where a reliable estimate of the obligation cannot be made.

Provisions for legal claims, service warranties, volume discounts and returns are recognised when the company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.

Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognised even if the likelihood of an outflow with respect to any one item included in the same class of obligations.

Provisions are measured at the present value of management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as interest expense.

A contingent asset is disclosed and not recognised, where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

W. Employee Benefits

(i) Short-term obligations

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employee’s services up to the end of the reporting and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled.

(ii) Other Long-term employee benefit obligations

Leave obligation:

The liabilities for leave obligation (annual leave) which are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employee render the related services. They are therefore measured as the present value of expected future payments to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the end of the reporting period using the Projected Unit credit method. The benefits are discounted using the market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligations. Remeasurements as a result of experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions (i.e. actuarial losses/ gains) are recognised in the statement of Profit and Loss.

Long service awards:

The company provides for the long service awards for eligible employees as per the scheme announced by the company. The liability towards the long services awards is provided at each balance sheet date on the basis of independent actuary valuation.

Defined benefit plan — Gratuity

The liability or asset recognised in the balance sheet in respect of gratuity plans is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by actuaries using the projected unit credit method.

The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation. The estimated future payments are discounted using market yields determined by reference to high-quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid, and that have terms approximating to the terms of the related obligation.

The net interest cost, calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of the plan assets, is recognised as employee benefit expenses in the statement of profit and loss. Remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet.

Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in profit and loss as past service cost.

Defined benefit plan — Voluntary early separation scheme:

The company also have a defined benefit plan for its employees, i.e. Medical Voluntary retirement scheme in which employees suffering from continued ill-health not amounting to occupational disease and thereby unable to perform normal duties of their post. under the scheme, the benefits will be given for a retired employee for a maximum period up to 10 years or age of retirement, whichever is earlier. In case of early death of the employee, the legal heir of the employee shall get 50% of separation benefit for the rest of the benefit period. The costs of providing benefits under the said plan is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation at each year-end. separate actuarial valuation is carried out for the plan using the projected unit credit method. remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in retained earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet. This scheme is not funded.

Defined Contribution Plan — Provident Fund:

The company pays provident fund contributions to publicly administered provident funds as per local regulatory authorities. The company has no further obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are accounted for as defined contribution plans and the contributions are recognised as employee benefit expense when they are due.

Defined Contribution Plan — Superannuation Fund:

The company makes contribution to the superannuation scheme, a defined contribution scheme, administered by insurance companies. The company has no obligation to the scheme beyond its monthly contributions.

There are no obligations other than the contribution payable to the superannuation fund Trust. The company recognises contribution payable to the superannuation fund as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. The contribution is charged to the statement of profit and loss of the year when the contribution accrues. The scheme is funded with a insurance company in the form of qualifying insurance policies.

(iii) Bonus plans

The company recognises a liability and an expense for bonuses. The company recognises a provision where contractually obliged or where there is a past practice that has created a constructive obligation.

X. Contributed equity

Equity shares are classified as equity.

Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of new shares or options are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.

Y. Dividends

Provision is made for the amount of any dividend declared, being appropriately authorized and no longer at the discretion of the company, on or before the end of the reporting period but not distributed at the end of the reporting period.

Z. Earnings Per Share

The company presents basic and diluted earnings per share data for its ordinary shares. basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. diluted earnings per share is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders and the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, adjusted for own shares held, for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.

AA. Rounding of amounts

All amounts disclosed in the standalone financial statements and notes have been rounded off to the nearest lakhs as per the requirement of Schedule III, unless otherwise stated.

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Mar 31, 2017

1. CORPORATE INFORMATION

excel Industries limited (the company) is a public company domiciled in India. Its shares are listed on two stock exchanges in India. The company is engaged in manufacturing and selling of chemicals, Pharma intermediates and environmental products. chemicals comprising of Industrial and specialty chemicals and Pesticides Intermediates. environmental products comprising of soil enricher, bio-pesticides and other bio-products. The company caters to both domestic and international markets. The company is also engaged in manufacturing activity on behalf of third parties.

2. BASIS OF PREPARATION

The financial statements of the company have been prepared in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India (Indian GAAP). The company has prepared these financial statements to comply in all material respects with the accounting standards notified under section 133 of the companies Act, 2013, read together with paragraph 7 of the companies (Accounts) rules, 2014 and companies (Accounting standards) Amendment rules, 2016. The financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis and under the historical cost convention, except in case of certain class of assets for which revaluation was carried out. The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of financial statements are consistent with those of previous year, except for the change in accounting policy explained below.

2.1 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Change in accounting policy

I. Accounting for Proposed Dividend

As per the requirements of pre-revised As 4, the company used to create a liability for dividend proposed / declared after the balance sheet date if dividend related to periods covered by the financial statements. Going forward, as per As 4(R), the company cannot create provision for dividend proposed / declared after the balance sheet date unless a statute requires otherwise. rather, company will need to disclose the same in notes to the financial statements. Accordingly, the company has disclosed dividend proposed by board of directors after the balance sheet date in the notes.

Had the company continued with creation of provision for proposed dividend, its surplus in the statement of profit and loss account would have been lower by Rs.907.79 lacs and current provision would have been higher by Rs.907.79 lacs (including dividend distribution tax of Rs.153.55 lacs).

(a) Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP, requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

(b) Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment, capital work in progress are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any, except for the following :

(i) land, buildings, Plant and Machinery and electrical Installations situated at roha have been revalued as on september 30, 2001 on the basis of valuation report of Government approved valuers at their depreciated replacement value and stated at their revalued amounts.

(ii) Assets at Mumbai installed up to March 31, 2002 are stated at cost as estimated by an approved valuer.

The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalization criteria are met, directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use and initial estimate of decommissioning, restoring and similar liabilities. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

Items of stores and spares that meet the definition of property, plant and equipment are capitalized at cost and depreciated over their useful life. Otherwise, such items are classified as inventories.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of property, plant and equipment are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.

The company identifies and determines cost of each component / part of the asset separately, if the component/ part has a cost which is significant to the total cost of the asset and has useful life that is materially different from that of the remaining asset.

Property, plant and equipment held for sale is valued at lower of their carrying amount and net realizable value. Any write-down is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(c) Depreciation on property, plant and equipment

I. Component Accounting

The company has adopted component accounting as required under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 from 1st April 2015. The company was previously not identifying components of property, plant and equipment separately for depreciation purposes; rather, a single useful life / depreciation rate was used to depreciate each item of property, plant and equipment.

Due to application of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, the company has changed the manner of depreciation for its property, plant and equipment. Now, the company identifies and determines cost of each component/ part of the asset separately, if the component/ part has a cost which is significant to the total cost of the asset having useful life that is materially different from that of the remaining asset. These components are depreciated over their useful lives; the remaining asset is depreciated over the life of the principal asset. However, there is no material impact of the same on first application.

(i) Leasehold Land (at cost or revalued as the case may be) is amortized over the period of 69 years and 95 years for Roha and Lote Parashuram sites respectively.

(ii) Other Property, Plant and Equipment:

(1) I n the case of following assets (which have been revalued) at Roha, depreciation has been provided on straight line (SL) basis over the balance useful life of the assets as estimated by the approved valuer. These lives are lower than those indicated in Schedule II.

* Depreciation Rates on a straight line method for the balance useful life based on technical estimates.

(2) With effect from 1st April, 2014, the Company has prospectively changed its method of providing depreciation in respect of its assets viz. Furniture & Fixtures, Vehicles, Laboratory Equipments and Office Equipments from written down value basis to straight line method basis based on following useful life taken as per technical estimates.

The company has also provided 100% depreciation on additions to assets costing '' 25,000/- or less.

(d) Intangible assets and Amortization

(i) Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization.

(ii) Amortization:

(a) computer software is amortized on a straight line basis proportionately over a period of four years.

(b) Trademarks are amortized on a straight line basis proportionately over a period of five years.

(c) Product registration expenses are amortized on a straight line basis over a period of four years.

(d) The amortization period and the amortization method are reviewed at least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the amortization period is changed accordingly. If there has been a significant change in the expected pattern of economic benefits from the asset, the amortization method is changed to reflect the changed pattern. such changes are accounted for in accordance with As 5 Net Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in Accounting Policies.

(e) Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

(e) Research and development costs

research costs (other than cost of Property, Plant and Equipment acquired) are charged as an expense in the year in which they are incurred and are reflected under the appropriate heads of accounts. Development expenditure incurred on an individual project is carried forward when its future recoverability can reasonably be regarded as assured. Any expenditure carried forward is amortized over the period of expected future sales from the related project, not exceeding ten years. The carrying value of development costs is reviewed for impairment annually when the asset is not yet in use, and otherwise when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

(f) Leases

Where the company is lessee

Finance leases, which effectively transfer to the company substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item, are capitalized at the inception of the lease term at the lower of the fair value of the leased property and present value of minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognized as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss. Lease management fees, legal charges and other initial direct costs of lease are capitalized.

A leased asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the asset. however, if there is no reasonable certainty that the company will obtain the ownership by the end of the lease term, the capitalized asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term.

leases, where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Where the company is the lessor

leases in which the company does not transfer substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the asset are classified as operating leases. Assets subject to operating leases are included in property, plant and equipment. lease income on an operating lease is recognized in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. costs, including depreciation, are recognized as an expense in the statement of Profit and Loss. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognized immediately in the statement of Profit and Loss.

(g) Borrowing costs

borrowing cost includes interest and amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of the borrowings.

borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur.

(h) Impairment of fixed assets

The company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (cGu) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or cGu exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

The company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the company''s cash-generating units to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations are generally covering a period of five years. for longer periods, a long term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year.

Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss, except for previously revalued tangible fixed assets, where the revaluation was taken to revaluation reserve. In this case, the impairment is also recognized in the revaluation reserve up to the amount of any previous revaluation.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the company estimates the asset''s or cash-generating unit''s recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the statement of profit and loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

(i) Government grants and subsidies

Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that (i) the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them, and

(ii) the grant/subsidy will be received.

When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognized as income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is recognized as deferred income and released to income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset.

Where the Company receives non-monetary grants, the asset is accounted for on the basis of its acquisition cost. In case a non-monetary asset is given free of cost, it is recognized at a nominal value.

Government Grants of the nature of promoters'' contribution are credited to Capital Reserve and treated as a part of Shareholders'' Fund.

(j) Investments

Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments.

On initial recognition, all investments are measured at cost. The cost comprises purchase price and directly attributable acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties. Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.

On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the statement of profit and loss.

(k) Inventories

Raw materials, containers (packing materials), stores and spares (including fuel) are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost of raw materials, containers and stores and spares is determined on a moving weighted average basis. Stores and spares which do not meet the definition of property, plant and equipment are accounted as inventories.

Work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty. Cost is determined on absorption costing basis at actuals.

Traded Goods are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(l) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized:

sale of goods

revenue from sale of goods is recognized when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer usually on delivery of the goods. The company collects sales taxes and value added taxes (VAT) on behalf of the government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue. Excise duty deducted from revenue (gross) is the amount that is included in the revenue (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arising during the year.

Income from services

revenues from service contracts are recognized pro-rata over the period of the contract as and when services are rendered. The company collects service tax on behalf of the government and, therefore, it is not an economic benefit flowing to the company. Hence, it is excluded from revenue.

Interest

Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head “other income” in the statement of profit and loss.

Export Benefits

Duty free imports of raw materials under Advance License for Imports as per the Export and Import Policy are matched with the exports made against the said licenses and the net benefit/obligation is accounted by making suitable adjustments in raw material consumption.

The benefit accrued under the Duty Drawback/ MEIs scheme as per the Export and Import Policy in respect of exports made under the said schemes is included under the note “Other Operating revenue” as ‘Exports incentives''.

Dividend

Dividend income is recognized when the company''s right to receive dividend is established by the reporting date.

royalty

revenue is recognized on an accrual basis in accordance with the terms of the relevant agreement.

Other Income

certain items of income such as insurance claims, overdue interest from customers etc. are recognized to the extent there is certainty of it''s realization.

(m) Foreign currency translation

Foreign currency transactions and balances

(i) Initial recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

(ii) conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.

(iii) Exchange differences

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting monetary items of company at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

(iv) Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency risk of an existing asset/liability.

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contract is amortized and recognized as an expense/income over the life of the contract. exchange differences on such contracts, except the contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognized as income or as an expense for the period.

(n) Retirement and other employee benefits

retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. The contributions to the provident fund are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the year when the contributions are due.

retirement benefits in the form of superannuation Fund is a defined contribution scheme. There are no obligations other than the contribution payable to the superannuation Fund Trust. The company recognizes contribution payable to the superannuation Fund as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. The contribution is charged to the statement of profit and loss of the year when the contribution accrues. The scheme is funded with insurance companies in the form of qualifying insurance policies.

Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year. The scheme is funded with insurance companies in the form of qualifying insurance policies.

The company also operates a defined benefit plan for its employees, viz., voluntary early separation scheme on account of continued ill-health not amounting to occupational disease and thereby unable to perform normal duties of their post. Under the scheme, the benefits will be given for a retired employee for a maximum period upto 10 years or age of retirement, whichever is earlier. In case of early death of the employee, the legal heir of the employee shall get 50% of separation benefit for the rest of the benefit period. The costs of providing benefits under the said plan is determined on the basis of actuarial valuation at each year-end. separate actuarial valuation is carried out for the plan using the projected unit credit method. Actuarial gains and losses for the defined benefit plan is recognized in full in the period in which they occur in the statement of profit and loss. This scheme is not funded.

short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates. Long-term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method.

Actuarial gains/losses are recognized immediately to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

The company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The company presents the leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, to the extent it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date. expenses incurred towards voluntary retirement scheme are charged to the statement of profit and loss immediately.

(o) Income taxes

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. current income-tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the

Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India and tax laws prevailing in the respective tax jurisdictions where the Company operates. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income originating during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable timing differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible timing differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realized against future taxable profits.

At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax asset to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

Minimum alternative tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognises MAT credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as “MAT Credit Entitlement.” The Company reviews the “MAT credit entitlement” asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

(p) Segment reporting

Identification of segments

The Company''s operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

Inter-segment transfers

The Company generally accounts for intersegment sales and transfers at cost plus appropriate margins.

Allocation of common costs

common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.

Unallocated items

Unallocated items include general corporate income and expense items which are not allocated to any business segment.

segment accounting policies

The company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the company as a whole.

(q) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(r) Provisions

A provision is recognized when the company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

Warranty provisions

Provisions for warranty related costs are recognized when the product is sold or service provided. Provision is based on historical experience. The estimate of such warranty related costs is revised annually.

(s) Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

(t) Cash and cash equivalents

cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

(u) Derivative Instruments and hedge accounting

The company uses derivative financial instruments, such as, foreign currency forward contracts to hedge foreign currency risk arising from future transactions in respect of which firm commitments are made or which are highly probable forecast transactions. The company designates these forward contracts in a hedging relationship by applying the hedge accounting principles of As 30 Financial Instruments: recognition and Measurement.

For the purpose of hedge accounting, the hedge is classified as cash flow hedges when hedging the exposure to variability in cash flows that is either attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognized asset or liability or a highly probable forecast transaction or the foreign currency risk in an unrecognized firm commitment.

Cash flow hedges

The effective portion of the gain or loss on the hedging instrument is recognized directly under shareholders fund in the hedging reserve, while any ineffective portion is recognized immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

The company uses foreign currency forward contracts as hedges of its exposure to foreign currency risk in forecasted transactions and firm commitments. The ineffective portion relating to foreign currency contracts is recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

Amounts recognized in the hedging reserve are transferred to the statement of profit and loss when the hedged transaction affects profit or loss, such as when the hedged income or expense is recognized or when a forecast sale occurs.

I f the forecast transaction or firm commitment is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in the hedging reserve is transferred to the statement of profit and loss. If the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised without replacement or rollover, or if its designation as a hedge is revoked, any cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in the hedging reserve remains in the hedging reserve until the forecast transaction or firm commitment affects profit or loss.

(v) Measurement of EBITDA

The company has elected to present earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) as a separate line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss. The company measures EBITDA on the basis of profit from continuing operations. In its measurement, the company does not include depreciation and amortization expense, finance costs and tax expense.

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Mar 31, 2015

(a) Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management's best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

(b) Tangible fixed assets

Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation/amortisation and provision for impairment, if any, except for the following :

(i) Land, Buildings, Plant and Machinery and Electrical Installations situated at Roha have been revalued as on September 30, 2001 on the basis of valuation report of Government approved valuers at their depreciated replacement value and stated at their revalued amounts.

(ii) Assets at Mumbai installed up to March 31, 2002 are stated at cost as estimated by an approved valuer.

Cost comprises the purchase price, borrowing costs if capitalisation criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.

(c) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets

(i) Leasehold Land (at cost or revalued as the case may be) is amortised over the period of 69 years and 95 years for Roha and Lote Parashuram sites respectively.

(ii) Other Fixed Assets:

(1) In the case of following assets (which have been revalued) at Roha, depreciation has been provided on straight line (sL) basis over the balance useful life of the assets as estimated by the approved valuer. These lives are lower than those indicated in schedule II.

Effective from April 1, 2014, the Company has provided depreciation with reference to the useful lives of tangible assets as specified in schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. Accordingly, the carrying amount, net of residual value, as on that date has been depreciated over the revised remaining useful lives of the assets. The Company has also rationalised the depreciation policy and has decided to provide 100% depreciation on additions to assets costing Rs. 25,000/- or less. As a result, the charge for depreciation is higher by Rs. 254.55 lacs for the year ended 31st March, 2015.

(d) Intangible assets and Amortisation

(i) Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortisation.

(ii) Amortisation:

(a) Computer software is amortised on a straight-line basis proportionately over a period of four years.

(b) Trademarks are amortised on a straight-line basis proportionately over a period of five years.

(c) Product Registration expenses are amortised on a straight-line basis over a period of four years.

(d) The amortisation period and the amortisation method are reviewed at least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the amortisation period is changed accordingly. If there has been a significant change in the expected pattern of economic benefits from the asset, the amortisation method is changed to reflect the changed pattern. such changes are accounted for in accordance with AS 5 Net Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in Accounting Policies.

(e) Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

(e) Research and development costs research costs (other than cost of Fixed Assets acquired) are charged as an expense in the year in which they are incurred and are reflected under the appropriate heads of accounts. Development expenditure incurred on an individual project is carried forward when its future recoverability can reasonably be regarded as assured. Any expenditure carried forward is amortised over the period of expected future sales from the related project, not exceeding ten years. The carrying value of development costs is reviewed for impairment annually when the asset is not yet in use, and otherwise when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

(f) Leases

Where the company is lessee

finance leases, which effectively transfer to the company substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item, are capitalized at the inception of the lease term at the lower of the fair value of the leased property and present value of minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are recognized as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss. Lease management fees, legal charges and other initial direct costs of lease are capitalized.

A leased asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the company will obtain the ownership by the end of the lease term, the capitalized asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term.

Leases, where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight- line basis over the lease term.

Where the company is the lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the assets are classified as operating lease.

Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income on an operating lease is recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation, are recognised as an expenses in the statement of profit and loss. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

(g) Borrowing costs

Borrowing cost includes interest and amortisation of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of the borrowings. borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur.

(h) Impairment of tangible and intangible assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset's recoverable amount. An asset's recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's or cash-generating unit's (CGU) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the Company's cash-generating units to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations are generally covering a period of five years. For longer periods, a long term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year.

I mpairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except for previously revalued tangible fixed assets, where the revaluation was taken to revaluation reserve. In this case, the impairment is also recognised in the revaluation reserve up to the amount of any previous revaluation. After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognised impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset's or cash-generating unit's recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset's recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the statement of profit and loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

(i) Government grants and subsidies

Grants and subsidies from the government are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that (i) the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them, and (ii) the grant/subsidy will be received.

When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as deferred income and released to income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset.

Where the Company receives non-monetary grants, the asset is accounted for on the basis of its acquisition cost. In case a non-monetary asset is given free of cost, it is recognised at a nominal value.

Government Grants of the nature of promoters' contribution are credited to Capital Reserve and treated as a part of Shareholders' Fund.

(j) Investments

I nvestments, which are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments.

On initial recognition all investments are measured at cost. The cost comprises purchase price and directly attributable acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties. Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognise a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.

On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the statement of profit and loss.

(k) Inventories

Raw materials, containers (packing materials), stores and spares (including fuel) are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost of raw materials, containers and stores and spares is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

Work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at lower of cost or net realisable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty. Cost is determined on absorption costing basis at actuals.

Traded Goods are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(l) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognised:

Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer usually on delivery of the goods. The Company collects sales taxes and value added taxes (VAT) on behalf of the government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the Company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue. Excise duty deducted from revenue (gross) is the amount that is included in the revenue (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arising during the year.

Income from services

revenues from service contracts are recognised pro-rata over the period of the contract as and when services are rendered. The Company collects service tax on behalf of the government and, therefore, it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company. Hence, it is excluded from revenue.

Interest

Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head "other income" in the statement of profit and loss.

EXPORT BENEFITS

Duty free imports of raw materials under Advance License for Imports as per the export and Import Policy are matched with the exports made against the said licenses and the net benefit/obligation is accounted by making suitable adjustments in raw material consumption.

The benefit accrued under the duty drawback scheme as per the export and Import Policy in respect of exports made under the said scheme is included under the note "other operating revenue" as 'exports incentives'.

DIVIDEND

Dividend income is recognised when the Company's right to receive dividend is established by the reporting date.

Royalties

Revenue is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance with the terms of the relevant agreement.

Other Income

Certain items of income such as insurance claims, overdue interest from customers etc. are recongnised to the extent there is certainty of it's realisation.

(m) Foreign currency translation

Foreign currency transactions and balances

(i) Initial recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

(ii) Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.

(iii) Exchange Differences

Exchange Differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting monetary items of Company at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

(iv) Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency risk of an existing asset/liability.

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contract is amortised and recognised as an expense/ income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts, except the contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognised as income or as expense for the period.

(n) Retirement and other employee benefits

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognises contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. The contributions to the provident fund are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the year when the contributions are due.

Retirement benefits in the form of superannuation fund is a defined contribution scheme. There are no obligations other than the contribution payable to the superannuation fund Trust. The Company recognises contribution payable to the superannuation fund as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. The contribution is charged to the statement of profit and loss of the year when the contribution accrues. The scheme is funded with insurance Companies in the form of qualifying insurance policies. Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year. The scheme is funded with insurance Companies in the form of qualifying insurance policies.

Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method.

Actuarial gains/losses are recognised immediately to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. The Company presents the leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, to the extent it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date. expenses incurred towards voluntary retirement scheme are charged to the statement of profit and loss immediately.

(o) Income taxes

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India and tax laws prevailing in the respective tax jurisdictions where the Company operates. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income originating during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. deferred income tax relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable timing differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible timing differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realised against future taxable profits.

At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognised deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax asset to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority. Minimum alternative tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognises MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognises MAT credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as "MAT Credit Entitlement." The Company reviews the "MAT credit entitlement" asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

(p) Segment reporting

Identification of segments

The Company's operating businesses are organised and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

Inter-segment transfers

The Company generally accounts for intersegment sales and transfers at cost plus appropriate margins.

Allocation of common costs

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.

Unallocated items

Unallocated items include general corporate income and expense items which are not allocated to any business segment.

Segment accounting policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

(q) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(r) Provisions

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

Warranty provisions

Provisions for warranty related costs are recognised when the product is sold or service provided. Provision is based on historical experience. The estimate of such warranty related costs is revised annually.

(s) Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

(t) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

(u) Measurement of EBITDA

The Company has elected to present earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) as a separate line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss. The Company measures EBITDA on the basis of profit from continuing operations. In its measurement, the Company does not include depreciation and amortisation expense, finance costs and tax expense.

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Mar 31, 2014

(a) Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

(b) Tangible fixed assets

Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation/amortisation and provision for impairment, if any, except for the following:

(i) Land, Buildings, Plant and Machinery and Electrical Installations situated at Roha have been revalued as on September 30, 2001 on the basis of valuation report of Government approved valuers at their depreciated replacement value and stated at their revalued amounts.

(ii) Assets at Mumbai installed up to March 31, 2002 are stated at cost as estimated by an approved valuer.

Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed assets which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.

(c) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets

(i) Leasehold Land (at cost or revalued as the case may be) is amortised over the period of 69 Years and 95 Years for Roha and Lote Parashuram site respectively.

(ii) Other Fixed Assets:

(1) In the case of following assets (which have been revalued) at Roha, depreciation has been provided on straight line (SL) basis over the balance.

2.1 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Contd.)

useful life of the assets as estimated by the approved valuer or at the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, whichever are higher.

Description of Tangible Asset. *Rates (SL Method) Schedule XIV Rates (Range) (SL Method)

Buildings 1.63%-19.00% 1.63%

Plant and Machinery 5.28%-47.50% 5.28%

Electrical Installations 5.28%-31.67% 5.28%

* Depreciation Rates on SL Method for the balance useful life as estimated by the valuer.

(2) In respect of Buildings, Plant and Machinery and Electrical Installations, except additions to the aforesaid Fixed Assets at Mumbai upto September 30, 1981, on straight line basis in accordance with Section 205(2)(b) of the Companies Act, 1956, at the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

(3) In respect of all other Fixed Assets, on written down value basis in accordance with Section 205(2)(a) of the Companies Act, 1956, at the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

(4) Individual assets acquired for less than Rs. 5,000 are entirely depreciated in the year of acquisition.

(d) Intangible assets and Amortisation

(i) Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortisation.

(ii) Amortisation:

(a) Computer software is amortised on a straight line basis proportionately over a period of four years.

(b) Trademarks are amortised on a straight line basis proportionately over a period of five years.

(c) Product Registration expenses are amortised on a straight line basis over a period of four years.

(d) The amortisation period and the amortisation method are reviewed at least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the amortisation period is changed accordingly. If there has been a significant change in the expected pattern of economic benefits from the asset, the amortisation method is changed to reflect the changed pattern. Such changes are accounted for in accordance with AS 5 Net Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in Accounting Policies.

(e) Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

(e) Research and development costs

Research costs (other than cost of Fixed Assets acquired) are charged as an expense in the year in which they are incurred and are reflected under the appropriate heads of accounts. Development expenditure incurred on an individual project is carried forward when its future recoverability can reasonably be regarded as assured. Any expenditure carried forward is amortised over the period of expected future sales from the related project, not exceeding ten years. The carrying value of development costs is reviewed for impairment annually when the asset is not yet in use, and otherwise when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

(f) Leases

Where the company is lessee

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased term, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight- line basis over the lease term.

Finance Leases

Assets acquired under finance leases which effectively transfer to the Company substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item, are capitalized and a corresponding loan liability is recognized. The lease rentals paid are bifurcated into principal and interest component by applying an implicit rate of return. The interest is charged as a period cost and the principal amount is adjusted against the liability recognized in respect of assets taken on financial lease.

Where the company is the lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the assets are classified as operating lease.

Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income is recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation are recognised as an expenses in the statement of profit and loss. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

(g) Borrowing costs

Borrowing cost includes interest and amortisations of ancillary costs incurred in connections with the arrangement of the borrowings.

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur. Interest and other costs incurred for acquisition and construction of qualifying assets, upto the date of commissioning/installation, are capitalised as part of the cost of the said assets.

(h) Impairment of tangible and intangible assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (CGU) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the Company''s cash-generating units to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations are generally covering a period of five years. For longer periods, a long term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year.

I mpairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except for previously revalued tangible fixed assets, where the revaluation was taken to revaluation reserve. In this case, the impairment is also recognised in the revaluation reserve up to the amount of any previous revaluation.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognised impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or cash-generating unit''s recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the statement of profit and loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

(i) Government grants and subsidies

Grants and subsidies from the government are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that (i) the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them, and

(ii) the grant/subsidy will be received.

When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as deferred income and released to income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset.

Where the Company receives non-monetary grants, the asset is accounted for on the basis of its acquisition cost. In case a non-monetary asset is given free of cost, it is recognised at a nominal value.

Government Capital Grants of the nature of promoters'' contribution are credited to Capital Reserve and treated as part of Shareholders'' Fund.

(j) Investments

Investments, which are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments.

On initial recognition all investments are measured at cost. The cost comprises purchase price and directly attributable acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties. Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognise a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.

On disposal of an investment the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the statement of profit and loss.

(k) Inventories

Raw materials, containers, (packing materials) stores and spares are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost of raw materials, containers and stores and spares is determined on a moving weighted average basis. Work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty. Cost is determined on absorption costing basis at actuals.

Traded Goods Lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes cost of purchases and other cost incurred in bringing the inventory to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(l) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer usually on delivery of the goods. The Company collects sales taxes and value added taxes (VAT) on behalf of the government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the Company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue. Excise duty deducted from revenue (gross) is the amount that is included in the revenue (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arising during the year.

Income from services

Revenues from service contracts are recognised pro-rata over the period of the contract as and when services are rendered. The Company collects service tax on behalf of the government and, therefore, it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company. Hence, it is excluded from revenue.

Interest

Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head "other income" in the statement of profit and loss.

Export Benefits

Duty free imports of raw materials under Advance License for Imports as per the Export and Import Policy are matched with the exports made against the said licenses and the net benefit/obligation is accounted by making suitable adjustments in raw material consumption.

The benefit accrued under the Duty Entitlement Pass Book Scheme or Duty Drawback Scheme as per the Export and Import Policy in respect of exports made under the said Scheme is included under the note "Other Operating Revenue" as ''Exports incentives''.

Dividends

Dividend income is recognised when the Company''s right to receive dividend is established by the reporting date.

Royalties

Revenue is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance with the terms of the relevant agreement.

Other Income

Certain items of income such as insurance claims, overdue interest from customers etc. are considered to the extent the amount is ascertainable/accepted by the parties.

(m) Foreign currency translation

Foreign currency transactions and balances

(i) Initial recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

(ii) Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.

(iii) Exchange differences

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting monetary items of Company at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

(iv) Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency risk of an existing asset/ liability.

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contract is amortised and recognised as an expense/ income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts, except the contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognised as income or as expense for the period.

(n) Retirement and other employee benefits

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognises contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. The contributions to the provident fund are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the year when the contributions are due.

Retirement benefits in the form of Superannuation Fund is a defined contribution scheme. There are no obligations other than the contribution payable to the Superannuation Fund Trust. The Company recognises contribution payable to the Superannuation Fund as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. The contribution is charged to the statement of profit and loss of the year when the contribution accrues. The scheme is funded with an insurance Company in the form of a qualifying insurance policy.

Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year. The scheme is funded with insurance Company in the form of qualifying insurance policies.

Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method.

Actuarial gains/losses are recognised immediately to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred. Expenses incurred towards voluntary retirement scheme are charged to the statement of profit and loss immediately.

(o) Income taxes

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India and tax laws prevailing in the respective tax jurisdictions where the Company operates. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income originating during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred income tax relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable timing differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible timing differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realised against future taxable profits.

At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognised deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax asset to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

Minimum alternative tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognises MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognises MAT credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as "MAT Credit Entitlement." The Company reviews the "MAT credit entitlement" asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

(p) Segment reporting

Identification of segments

The Company''s operating businesses are organised and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

Inter-segment transfers

The Company generally accounts for intersegment sales and transfers at cost plus appropriate margins.

Allocation of common costs

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.

Unallocated items

Unallocated items include general corporate income and expense items which are not allocated to any business segment.

Segment accounting policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

(q) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(r) Provisions

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

(s) Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

(t) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

(u) Measurement of EBITDA

As permitted by the Guidance Note on the Revised Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956, the Company has elected to present earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) as a separate line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss. In its measurement, the Company does not include depreciation and amortisation expense, interest income, finance costs and tax expense.

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Mar 31, 2013

(a) Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

(b) Tangible fixed assets

Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation/amortisation and provision for impairment, if any, except for the following :

(i) Land, Buildings, Plant and Machinery and Electrical Installations situated at Roha have been revalued as on September 30,2001 on the basis of valuation report of Government approved valuers at their depreciated replacement value and stated at their revalued amounts.

(ii) Assets at Mumbai installed up to March 31,2002 are stated at cost as estimated by an approved valuer.

Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed assets which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.

(c) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets

(i) Leasehold Land (at cost or revalued as the case may be) is amortised over the period of 69 Years and 95 Years for Roha and Lote Parashuram site respectively.

(ii) Other Fixed Assets:

(1) In the case of following assets (which have been revalued) at Roha, depreciation has been provided on straight line (SL) basis over the balance useful life of the assets as estimated by the approved valuer or at the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, whichever are higher.

Description of Tangible Asset. ''Rates (SL Method) Schedule XIV Rates

(Range) (SL Method)

Buildings 1.63%-19.00% 1.63%

Plant and Machinery 5.28%-47.50% 5.28%

Electricallnstallations 5.28%-31.67% 5.28%

* Depreciation Rates on SL Method for the balance useful life as estimated by the valuer.

(2) In respect of Buildings, Plant and Machinery and Electrical Installations, except additions to the aforesaid Fixed Assets at Mumbai upto 30 September 1981, on straight line basis in accordance with Section 205(2)(b) of the Companies Act, 1956, at the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

(3) In respect of all other Fixed Assets, on written down value basis in accordance with Section 205(2)(a) of the Companies Act, 1956, at the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

(4) Individual assets acquired for less than Rs. 5,000 are entirely depreciated in the year of acquisition.

(d) Intangible assets and Amortisation

(i) Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortisation. (ii) Amortisation:

(a) Computer software is amortised on a straight line basis proportionately over a period of four years.

(b) Trademarks are amortised on a straight line basis proportionately over a period of five years.

(c) Product Registration expenses are amortised on a straight line basis over a period of four years.

(d) The amortisation period and the amortisation method are reviewed at least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the amortisation period is changed accordingly. If there has been a significant change in the expected pattern of economic benefits from the asset, the amortisation method is changed to reflect the changed pattern. Such changes are accounted for in accordance with AS 5 Net Profit or Loss lor the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in Accounting Policies.

(e) Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

(e) Research and development costs

Research costs (other than cost of Fixed Assets acquired) are charged as an expense in the year in which they are incurred and are reflected under the appropriate heads of accounts. Development expenditure incurredon an individual project is carried forward when its future recoverability can reasonably be regarded as assured. Any expenditure carried forward is amortised over the period of expected future sales from the related project, not exceeding ten years. The carrying value of development costs is reviewed for impairment annually when the asset is not yet in use, and otherwise when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

(f) Leases

Where the company is lessee

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased term, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight- line basis over the lease term.

Where the company is the lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the assets are classified as operating lease.

Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income is recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation are recognised as an expenses in the statement of profit and loss. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

(g) Borrowing costs

Borrowing cost includes interest and amortisations of ancillary costs in connection with the arrangement of the borrowings.

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur. Interest and other costs incurred for acquisition and construction of qualifying assets, upto the date of commissioning/installation, are capitalised as part of the cost of the said assets.

(h) Impairment of tangible and intangible assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (CGU) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the Company''s cash-generating units to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations are generally covering a period of five years. For longer periods, a long term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year.

Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except for previously revalued tangible fixed assets, where the revaluation was taken to revaluation reserve. In this case, the impairment is also recognised in the revaluation reserve up to the amount of any previous revaluation.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognised impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or cash-generating unit''s recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the statement of profit and loss unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

(i) Government grants and subsidies

Grants and subsidies, from the government are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that (i) the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them, and

(ii) the grant/subsidy will be received.

When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs/which they are intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as deferred income and released to income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset. Where the Company receives non-monetary grants, the asset is accounted for on the basis of its acquisition cost. In case a non-monetary asset is given free of cost, it is recognised at a nominal value.

Government Capital Grants of the nature of promoters'' contribution are credited to Capital

Reserve and treated as part of Shareholders'' Fund.

(j) Investments

Investments, which are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments. On initial recognition all investments are measured at cost. The cost comprises purchase price and directly attributable acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties. Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognise a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments. On disposal of an investment the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the statement of profit and loss.

(k) Inventories

Raw materials, containers (packing materials), stores and spares are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost of raw materials, containers and stores and spares is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

Work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty. Cost is determined on absorption costing basis at actuals.

Traded Goods are valued at-Lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes cost of purchases and other cost incurred in bringing the inventory to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(I) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer usually on delivery of the goods. The Company collects sales taxes and value added taxes (VAT) on behalf of the government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the Company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue. Excise duty deducted from revenue (gross) is the amount that is included in the revenue (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arising during the year.

Income from services

Revenues from service contracts are recognised pro-rata over the period of the contract as and when services are rendered. The Company collects service tax on behalf of the government and, therefore, it is not an economic benefit flowing to the Company. Hence, it is excluded from revenue.

Interest

Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head "other income" in the statement of profit and loss.

Export Benefits

Duty free imports of raw materials under Advance License for Imports as per the Export and Import Policy are matched with the exports made against the said licenses and the net benefit/obligation is accounted by making suitable adjustments in raw material consumption.

The benefit accrued under the Duty Entitlement Pass Book Scheme or Duty Drawback Scheme as per the Export and Import Policy in respect of exports made under the said Scheme is included under the note "Other Operating Revenue" as ''Export incentives''.

Dividends

Dividend income is recognised when the Company''s right to receive dividend is established by the reporting date.

Royalties

Revenue is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance with the terms of the relevant agreement.

Other Income

Certain items of income such as insurance claims, commission income, overdue interest from customers, etc. are considered to the extent the amount is ascertainable/accepted by the parties.

(m) Foreign currency translation

Foreign currency transactions and balances

(i) Initial recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

(ii) Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.

(iii) Exchange differences

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting monetary items of Company at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

(iv) Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency risk of an existing asset/liability.

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contract is amortised and recognised as an expense/income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts, except the contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognised as income or as expense for the period.

(n) Retirement and other employee benefits

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognises contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. The contributions to the provident fund are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the year when the contributions are due.

Retirement benefits in the form of Superannuation Fund is a defined contribution scheme. There are no obligations other than the contribution payable to the Superannuation Fund Trust. The Company recognises contribution payable to the Superannuation Fund as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service.The contribution is charged to the statement of profit and loss of the year when the contribution accrues. The scheme is funded with insurance Company in the form of qualifying insurance policies.

Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year. The scheme is funded with insurance Company in the form of qualifying insurance policy.

Short-term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates. Long-term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method.

Actuarial gains/losses are recognised immediately to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

Expenses incurred towards voluntary retirement scheme are charged to the statement of profit and loss immediately.

(o) Income taxes

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India and tax laws prevailing in the respective tax jurisdictions where the Company operates. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income originating during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred income tax relating to items recognised directly in equity is recognised in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable timing differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible timing differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realised against future taxable profits,

At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognised deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax asset to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set-off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognises MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognises MAT credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as "MAT Credit Entitlement." The Company reviews the "MAT credit entitlement" asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

(p) Segment reporting

Identification of segments

The Company''s operating businesses are organised and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

Inter-segment transfers

The Company generally accounts for intersegment sales and transfers at cost plus appropriate margins.

Allocation of common costs

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according''to the relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.

Unallocated items

Unallocated items include general corporate income and expense items which are not allocated to any business segment.

Segment accounting policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

(q) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to eguity shareholders (after deducting attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(r) Provisions

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

(s) Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

(t) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

(u) Measurement of EBITDA

As permitted by the Guidance Note on the Revised Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956, the Company has elected to present earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) as a separate line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss. In its measurement, the Company does not include depreciation and amortisation expense, interest income, finance costs and tax expense.

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Mar 31, 2012

(a) Change in accounting policy

Presentation and disclosure of financial statements

During the year ended 31 March 2012, the revised Schedule VI notified under the Companies Act 1956, has become applicable to the Company, for preparation and presentation of its financial statements. The adoption of revised Schedule VI does not impact recognition and measurement principles followed for preparation of financial statements. However, it has significant impact on presentation and disclosures made in the financial statements. The Company has also reclassified the previous year figures in accordance with the requirements applicable in the current year.

(b) Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management's best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

(c) Tangible fixed assets

Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation/amortisation and provision for impairment, if any, except for the following:

(i) Land, Buildings, Plant and Machinery and Electrical Installations situated at Roha have been revalued as on 30 September, 2001 on the basis of valuation report of Government approved valuers at their depreciated replacement value and stated at their revalued amounts.

2.1 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Contd.)

(ii) Assets at Mumbai installed up to 31 March 2002 are stated at cost as estimated by an approved valuer.

Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed assets which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.

(d) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets

(i) Leasehold Land (at cost or revalued as the case may be) is amortised over the period of 69 Years and 95 Years for Roha and Lote Parashuram site respectively.

(ii) Other Fixed Assets:

(1) In the case of following assets (which have been revalued) at Roha, depreciation has been provided on straight line (SL) basis over the balance useful life of the assets as estimated by the approved valuer or at the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, whichever are higher.

(2) I n respect of Buildings, Plant and Machinery and Electrical Installations, except additions to the aforesaid Fixed Assets at Mumbai upto 30 September 1981, on straight line basis in accordance with Section 205(2) (b) of the Companies Act, 1956, at the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

(3) In respect of all other Fixed Assets, on written down value basis in accordance with Section 205(2)(a) of the Companies Act, 1956, at the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

(4) Individual assets acquired for less than Rs 5,000 are entirely depreciated in the year of acquisition.

(e) Intangible assets and Amortisation

(i) Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortisation.

(ii) Amortisation:

(a) Computer software is amortised on a straight line basis proportionately over a period of four years.

(b) Trademarks are amortised on a straight line basis proportionately over a period of five years.

(c) Product Registration expenses are amortised on a straight line basis over a period of four years.

(f) Research and development costs

Research costs (other than cost of Fixed Assets acquired) are charged as an expense in the year in which they are incurred and are reflected under the appropriate heads of accounts. Development expenditure incurred on an individual project is carried forward when its future recoverability can reasonably be regarded as assured. Any expenditure carried forward is amortised over the period of expected future sales from the related project, not exceeding ten years. The carrying value of development costs is reviewed for impairment annually when the asset is not yet in use, and otherwise when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

(g) Leases

Where the company is lessee

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased term, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight- line basis over the lease term.

Where the company is the lessor

Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income is recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation are recognised as an expenses in the statement of profit and loss. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

(h) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur. Interest and other costs incurred for acquisition and construction of qualifying assets, upto the date of commissioning/installation, are capitalised as part of the cost of the said assets.

(i) Impairment of tangible and intangible assets

(i) The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed for impairment at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the asset's net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset.

(ii) After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

(iii) A previously recognised impairment loss is increased or reversed depending on changes in circumstances. However, the carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there was no impairment.

(j) Government grants and subsidies

Government Capital Grants of the nature of promoters' contribution are credited to Capital Reserve and treated as part of Shareholders' Funds.

(k) Investments

I nvestments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments.

Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.

(l) Inventories

Raw materials, containers, (packing materials) stores and spares are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost of raw materials, containers and stores and spares is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

Work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost is determined on absorption costing basis at actuals.

Traded Goods Lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(m) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer. Gross turnover includes Excise Duty but does not include Sales Tax and VAT.

Income from services

Revenues from service contracts are recognised pro-rata over the period of the contract as and when services are rendered and are net of service tax.

Interest

Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head "other income" in the statement of profit and loss.

Export Benefits

Duty free imports of raw materials under Advance License for Imports as per the Export and Import Policy are matched with the exports made against the said licenses and the net benefit/obligation is accounted by making suitable adjustments in raw material consumption.

The benefit accrued under the Duty Entitlement Pass Book Scheme or Duty Drawback Scheme as per the Export and Import Policy in respect of exports made under the said Scheme is included under the note "Other Operating Revenue" as 'Exports incentives'. Dividends

Dividend income is recognised when the Company's right to receive dividend is established by the reporting date.

Royalties

Revenue is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance with the terms of the relevant agreement.

Other Income

Certain items of income such as insurance claims, commission income, overdue interest from customers, etc. are considered to the extent the amount is ascertainable/accepted by the parties.

(n) Foreign currency translation

Foreign currency transactions and balances

(i) Initial recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

(ii) Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.

(iii) Exchange differences

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting monetary items of Company at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

(iv) Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency risk of an existing asset/liability.

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contract is amortised and recognised as an expense/income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts, except the contracts which are long-term foreign currency monetary items, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognised as income or as expense for the period.

(o) Retirement and other employee benefits

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The contributions to the provident fund are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the year when the contributions are due.

Retirement benefits in the form of Superannuation Fund is a defined contribution scheme and the contribution is charged to the statement of profit and loss of the year when the contribution accrues. There are no obligations other than the contribution payable to the Superannuation Fund Trust. The scheme is funded with insurance Company in the form of a qualifying insurance policies.

Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year. The scheme is funded with insurance Company in the form of a qualifying insurance policies.

Short-term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates. Long-term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method.

Actuarial gains/losses are recognised immediately to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

Expenses incurred towards voluntary retirement scheme are charged to the statement of profit and loss immediately.

(p) Income taxes

Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing taxation laws. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations where the company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realised against future taxable profits.

At each reporting date the Company re-assesses unrecognised deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

Wealth Tax is provided in accordance with the provisions of the Wealth Tax Act, 1957.

MAT credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period. In the year in which the Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in guidance Note issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the said asset is created by way of a credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each reporting date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that Company will pay normal Income Tax during the specified period.

(q) Segment reporting

Identification of segments

The Company's operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

Inter-segment transfers

The Company generally accounts for intersegment sales and transfers at cost plus appropriate margins.

Allocation of common costs

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment according to the relative contribution of each segment to the total common costs.

Unallocated items

Unallocated items include general corporate income and expense items which are not allocated to any business segment.

Segment accounting policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

(r) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(s) Provisions

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

(t) Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

(u) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

(v) Measurement of EBITDA

As permitted by the Guidance Note on the Revised Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956, the Company has elected to present earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) as a separate line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss. In its measurement, the Company does not include depreciation and amortisation expense, finance costs and tax expense.

(b) Terms/rights attached to equity shares

The Company has only one class of equity shares having a par value of Rs 5/- per share. Each holder of equity share carries one vote and is entitled to dividend that may be declared by the Board of Directors, which is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the Annual General Meeting.

During the year ended March 31, 2012, the amount of per share dividend recognised as distributions to equity shareholders was Rs 2/- (Previous year: Rs 3.75/-)

In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of all preferential amounts. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.

(a) Term loan under vehicle finance from bank amounting to Rs Nil (Previous Year: Rs 0.46 lac) is secured by hypothecation of the vehicles acquired by utilising the said loans and is repayable in equated monthly installments till November 7, 2011, the loan carries the interest @ 14% p.a.

(b) Term loan under vehicle finance from financial institution amounting to Rs 40.01 lacs (Previous Year: Rs 41.24 lacs) carrying interest rate ranging from 12% to 14 %, repayable in equated monthly installments and secured by hypothecation of the vehicles acquired by utilising the said loans.

(c) Deposit from shareholders are repayable after two and three years from the respective dates of deposits and carry the interest @ 9.5% p.a. and @ 10% p.a. respectively.

(d) Deposit from public are repayable after two and three years from the respective dates of deposits and carry the interest @ 9.5% p.a. and @ 10% p.a. respectively.

The Company has recognised deferred tax asset since the management believes that the reversal of the timing difference on account of depreciation would result in sufficient future taxable income against which the said deferred tax asset can be realised.

Cash credit, packing credit and working capital demand loan from bank are secured by hypothecation of all tangible movable assets both present and future including stock of raw materials, finished goods, goods in process, stores and trade receivables etc and is further secured by a second charge on the fixed assets at Roha and Lote Parshuram. The cash credit, packing credit and working capital demand loan is repayable on demand and carries interest rates @ 9% to 14% p.a.

Outstanding foreign currency buyer's credit loans are unsecured and carry an interest rate ranging from libor plus 282 bps to 350 bps.

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Mar 31, 2011

(a) Basis of Preparation:

The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material respects with the Accounting Standards notified by Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis except in case of assets for which revaluation is carried out. The accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company are consistent with those used in the previous year.

(b) Use of estimates:

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon managements best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from these estimates.

(c) Fixed Assets and Depreciation:

(i) Fixed Assets:

Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation/amortisation and provision for impairment, if any, except for the following:

(a) Land, Buildings, Plant and Machinery and Electrical Installations situated at Roha have been revalued as on 30 September, 2001 on the basis of valuation report of Government approved valuers at their depreciated replacement value and stated at their revalued amounts.

(b) Assets at Mumbai installed up to 31 March, 2002 are stated at cost as estimated by an approved valuer.

Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed assets which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.

(ii) Depreciation and Amortisation:

(a) Leasehold Land (at cost or revalued as the case may be) is amortised over the period of 69 Years and 95 Years for Roha and Lote Parashuram site respectively.

(b) Other Fixed Assets:

1. In the case of following assets (which have been revalued) at Roha, depreciation has been provided on straight line (SL) basis over the balance useful life of the assets as estimated by the approved valuer or at the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, whichever are higher.

* Depreciation Rates on SL Method for the balance useful life as estimated by the valuer.

2. In respect of Buildings, Plant and Machinery and Electrical Installations, except additions to the aforesaid Fixed Assets at Mumbai upto 30 September 1981, on straight line basis in accordance with Section 205(2)(b) of the Companies Act, 1956, at the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

3. In respect of all other Fixed Assets, on written down value basis in accordance with Section 205(2)(a) of the Companies Act, 1956, at the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

4. Individual assets acquired for less than Rs. 5,000 are entirely depreciated in the year of acquisition.

(d) Impairment:

(i) The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed for impairment at each Balance Sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre- tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset.

(ii) After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

(iii) A previously recognised impairment loss is increased or reversed depending on changes in circumstances. However, the carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation if there was no impairment.

(e) Intangible Assets and Amortisation:

(i) Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortisation.

(ii) Amortisation:

(a) Computer software is amortised on a straight line basis proportionately over a period of four years.

(b) Trademarks are amortised on a straight line basis proportionately over a period of five years.

(c) Product Registration expenses are amortised on a straight line basis over a period of four years.

(f) Inventories:

(i) Raw materials, containers, stores and spares

Lower of cost and net realisable value. However,"materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

(ii) Finished goods and Work-in-progress

Lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes direct materials, labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty. Cost is determined on absorption costing basis at actuals.

(iii) Traded Goods

Lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

(iv) Work-in-progress in respect of Turnkey Projects is valued at lower of cost and net realisable value.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(g) Investments:

Investments that are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than a year are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments. Current investments are carried at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost of acquisition. However, the carrying amount is reduced to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long-term investments by a charge to the Profit and Loss Account.

(h) Export Benefits:

Duty free imports of raw materials under Advance License for Imports as per the Export and Import Policy are matched with the exports made against the said licenses and the net benefit / obligation is accounted by making suitable adjustments in raw material consumption.

The benefit accrued under the Duty Entitlement Pass Book Scheme as per the Export and Import Policy in respect of exports made under the said Scheme is included under the head "Other Income from Operation" as Incentives on Exports.

(i) Retirement Benefits:

(i) Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund is a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Account of the year when the contribution to the fund is due. There are no obligations other than the contribution payable to the Provident Fund Trust.

(ii) Retirement benefits in the form of Superannuation Fund is a defined contribution scheme and the contribution is charged to the Profit and Loss account of the year when the contribution accrues. There are no obligations other than the contribution payable to the Superannuation Fund Trust. The scheme is funded with insurance Company in the form of a qualifying insurance policies.

(iii) Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year.The scheme is funded with insurance Company in the form of a qualifying insurance policies.

(iv) Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method.

(v) Actuarial gains / losses are recognised immediately to the Profit and Loss Account and are not deferred.

(vi) Payments made under the Voluntary Retirement Scheme are charged to the Profit and Loss Account immediately.

(j) Foreign currency translations:

Foreign currency transactions:

(i) Initial Recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

(ii) Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing exchange rate on the Balance Sheet date. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.

(iii) Exchange Differences

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting monetary items of Company at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

(iv) Forward Exchange Contracts not intended for trading or speculation purpose: The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contracts is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognised in the statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the exchange rates change. Any Profit or Loss arising on cancellation or renewal of forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense for the year.

(k) Research Costs:

Research costs (other than cost of Fixed Assets acquired) are charged as an expense in the year in which they are incurred and are reflected under the appropriate heads of accounts. Development expenditure incurred on an individual project is carried forward when its future recoverability can reasonably be regarded as assured. Any expenditure carried forward is amortised over the period of expected future sales from the related project, not exceeding ten years. The carrying value of development costs is reviewed for impairment annually when the asset is not yet in use, and otherwise when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

(l) Leases:

(a) Where the Company is the lessee

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased term, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

(b) Where the Company is the lessor

Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation are recognised as an expenses in the Profit and Loss Account. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognised immediately in the Profit and Loss Account.

(m) Borrowing Costs:

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur. Interest and other costs incurred for acquisition and construction of qualifying assets, upto the date of commissioning/installation, are capitalised as part of the cost of the said assets.

(n) Government Grants:

Government Capital Grants of the nature of promoters contribution are credited to Capital Reserve and treated as part of Shareholders Funds.

(o) Accounting for Turnkey Projects:

Income in respect of Turnkey Projects is accounted on the completion of the said projects.

(p) Revenue recognition:

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

Sale of Goods

Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer. Gross turnover includes Excise Duty but does not include Sales Tax and VAT.

Income from Services

Revenues from service contracts are recognised pro-rata over the period of the contract as and when services are rendered and are net of service tax.

Interest

Revenue is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

Dividend

Revenue is recognized when the shareholders right to receive payment is established by the Balance Sheet date.

Royalties

Revenue is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance with the terms of the relevant agreement.

Other Income

Certain items of income such as insurance claims, commission income, overdue interest from customers etc. are considered to the extent the amount is ascertainable/ accepted by the parties.

(q) Cash and Cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents in the Cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

(r) Provisions and contingent liabilities:

A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed when the Company has a possible obligation and it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation.

(s) Earnings Per Share:

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net Profit or Loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net Profit or Loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(t) Segment Reporting Policies: Identification of segments

The Companys operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

Inter segment Transfers:

The Company generally accounts for intersegment sales and transfers as if the sales or transfers were to third parties at current market prices.

Unallocated items

Includes general corporate income and expense items which are not allocated to any business segment.

Segment Policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole. Common allocable costs are allocated to cash segment according to the relative contribution of each segment.

(u) Taxation:

Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income- tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. Deferred income taxes reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to the taxes on income levied by same governing taxation laws. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realised against future taxable profits.

At each Balance Sheet date the Company re-assesses unrecognised deferred tax assets. It recognises unrecognised deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may toe that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

Wealth Tax is provided in accordance with the provisions of the Wealth Tax Act, 1957.

MAT credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period. In the year in which the Minimum Alternative tax (MAT) credit becomes eligible to be recognized as an asset in accordance with the recommendations contained in guidance Note issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, the said asset is created by way of a credit to the Profit and Loss Account and shown as MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the same at each Balance Sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that Company will pay normal Income Tax during the specified period.

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Mar 31, 2010

(a) Basis of Preparation:

The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material respects with the Accounting Standards notified by Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention on an accrual basis except in case of assets for which revaluation is carried out. The accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company are consistent with those used in the previous year.

(b) Use of estimates:

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon managements best knowledge of current events and actions, actuai results could differ from these estimates.

(c) Fixed Assets and Depreciation:

(i) Fixed Assets:

Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation/amortisation and provision for impairment, if any, except for the following:

(a) Land, Buildings, Plant and Machinery and Electrical Installations situated at Roha are stated at their revalued amounts.

(b) Assets at Mumbai installed up to 31 March, 2002 are stated at cost as estimated by an approved valuer.

Cost comprises the purchase price and any attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Borrowing costs relating to acquisition of fixed assets which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.

(ii) Depreciation and Amortisation:

(a) Leasehold Land (at cost or revalued as the case may be) is amortised over the period of 69 Years and 95 Years for Roha and Lote Parshuram site respectively.

2. In respect of Buildings, Plant and Machinery and Electrical Installations, except additions to the aforesaid Fixed Assets at Mumbai upto 30 September 1981, on straight line basis in accordance with Section 205(2)(b) of the Companies Act, 1956, at the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

3. In respect of all other Fixed Assets, on written down value basis in accordance with Section 205(2)(a) of the Companies Act, 1956, at the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

4. Individual assets acquired for less than Rs. 5,000 are entirely depreciated in the year of acquisition.

(d) Impairment:

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed for impairment at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the greater of the assets net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value at the weighted average cost of capital.

(e) Intangible Assets and Amortisation:

(i) Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortisation. (ii) Amortisation:

(a) Computer software is amortised on a straight line basis proportionately over a period of four years.

(b) Trademarks are amortised on a straight line basis proportionately over a period of five years.

(f) Inventories:

(i) Raw materials, containers, stores and spares

Lower of cost and net realisable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

(ii) Finished goods and Work-in-progress

Lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes direct materials, labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty. Cost is determined on absorption costing basis at actuals.

(iii) Traded Goods

Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

(iv) Work-in-progress in respect of Turnkey Projects is valued at lower of cost and net realisable value.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(g) Investments:

Long-term investments are carried at cost of acquisition. However, the carrying amount is reduced to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of long-term investments by a charge to the Pro/it and Loss Account. (h) Export Benefits:

Duty free imports of raw materials under Advance License for Imports as per the Export and Import Policy are matched with the exports made against the said licenses and the net benefit/obligation is accounted by making suitable adjustments in raw material consumption.

The benefit accrued under the Duty Entitlement Pass Book Scheme as per the Export and Import Policy in respect of exports made under the said Scheme is included under the head "Other Income from Operation" as Incentives on Exports.

(i) Retirement Benefits:

(i) Retirement benefits in the form of Provident Fund is a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Account of the year when the contribution to the fund is due. There are no obligations other than the contribution payable to the Provident Fund Trust.

(ii) Retirement benefits in the form of Superannuation Fund is a defined contribution scheme and the contribution is charged to the Profit and Loss Account of the year when the contribution accrues. There are no obligations other than the contribution payable to the Superannuation Fund Trust.

(iii) Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation on projected unit credit method made at the end of each financial year.

(iv) Short term compensated absences are provided for based on estimates. Long term compensated absences are provided for based on actuarial valuation. The actuarial valuation is done as per projected unit credit method.

(v) Actuarial gains/losses are recognised immediately to the Profit and Loss Account and are not deferred.

(vi) Payments made under the Voluntary Retirement Scheme are charged to the Profit and Loss Account immediately.

(j) Foreign currency translations:

Foreign currency transactions:

(i) Initial Recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

(ii) Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing exchange rate on the Balance Sheet date. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction; and non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.

(iii) Exchange Differences

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting monetary items of Company at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

(iv) Forward Exchange Contracts

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contracts is amortised as expense or income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense for the year.

(k) Research Costs:

Research costs (other than cost of fixed assets acguired) are charged as an expense in the year in which they are incurred and are reflected under the appropriate heads of account.

(l) Leases:

(a) Where the Company is the lessee

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased term, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

(b) Where the Company is the lessor

Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets, Lease income is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation are recognised as an expenses in the Profit and Loss Account. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognised immediately in the Profit and Loss Account.

(m) Borrowing Costs:

Interest and other costs incurred for acquisition of qualifying assets, up to the date of commissioning/installation, are capitalised as part of the cost of the said assets.

(n) Government Grants:

Government Capital Grants of the nature of promoters contribution are credited to Capital Reserve and treated as part of Shareholders Funds.

(o) Accounting for Turnkey Projects:

Income in respect of Turnkey Projects is accounted on the completion of the said projects.

(p) Revenue recognition:

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

Sale of Goods

Revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer. Gross turnover includes Excise Duty but does not include Sales Tax and VAT.

Income from Services

Revenues from service contracts are recognised pro-rata over the period of the contract as and when services are rendered and are net of service tax.

Interest

Revenue is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

Dividend

Revenue is recognised when the shareholders right to receive payment is established by the Balance Sheet date.

Royalties

Revenue is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance with the terms of the relevant agreement.

Other Income

Certain items of income such as insurance claims, overdue interest from customers etc. are considered to the extent the amount is ascertainable/accepted by the parties.

(q) Cash and Cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents in the Balance Sheet comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity ot three months or less.

(r) Provisions and contingent liabilities:

A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of past event; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

Contingent liabilities are disclosed when the Company has a possible obligation and it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation.

(s) Earnings Per Share:

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(t) Segment Reporting Policies:

Identification of segments

The Companys operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

Unallocated items

Includes general corporate income and expense items which are not allocated to any business segment.

Segment Policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

(u) Taxation:

Tax expense comprises of current, deferred and fringe benefit tax. Current income tax and fringe benefit tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realised against future taxable profits.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

Fringe Benefit Tax is provided in accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and Wealth Tax is provided in accordance with the provisions of the Wealth Tax Act, 1957.

MAT credit is recognised as an asset only when and to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period. The Company reviews the same at each balance sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of MAT Credit Entitlement to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that Company will pay normal Income Tax during the specified period.