Notes to Accounts of DEE Development Engineers Ltd.

Mar 31, 2025

s. Provisions and Contingent liability
Provisions
General

Provisions are recognised when the Company has
a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a
result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow
of resources embodying economic benefits will be
required to settle the obligation and a reliable
estimate can be made of the amount of the
obligation. When the Company expects some or
all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example,
under an insurance contract, the reimbursement
is recognised as a separate asset, but only when
the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense
relating to a provision is presented in the statement
of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material,
provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax
rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks
specific to the liability. When discounting is used,
the increase in the provision due to the passage of
time is recognised as a finance cost.

Contingent Liability

Contingent liability is:

(a) a possible obligation arising from past events
and whose existence will be confirmed only
by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one
or more uncertain future events not wholly
within the control of the entity or

(b) a present obligation that arises from past
events but is not recognized because;

- it is not probable that an outflow of
resources embodying economic benefits
will be required to settle the obligation,
or

- the amount of the obligation cannot be
measured with sufficient reliability

The Company does not recognize a contingent
liability but discloses its existence and other
required disclosures in notes to the financial
statements, unless the possibility of any outflow
in settlement is remote.

t. Segment Reporting

The Executive Management Committee is the Chief
Operating Decision Maker (CODM) and monitors
the operating results of its business units separately
for the purpose of making decisions about resource
allocation and performance assessment. Segment
performance is evaluated based on profit or loss
and is measured consistently with profit or loss in
the standalone financial statements. The
Company''s loan given to subsidiaries and
Investment made, interest receivables, finance
income and income taxes, deferred tax are
managed on a Company basis and are not
allocated to operating segments.

Transfer prices between operating segments are
on an arm''s length basis in a manner similar to
transactions with third parties. Also refer note 2.3
for change in accounting policies.

u. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet
comprise cash at banks and on hand and short¬
term deposits with an original maturity of three
months or less, which are subject to an insignificant
risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows,
cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and
short-term deposits, as defined above as they are
considered an integral part of the Company''s cash
management.

v. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing
the net profit or loss (after tax) for the year
attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding
during the year.

Diluted earnings per share when applicable are
calculated by dividing the net profit or loss (after
tax) for the year attributable to equity shareholders
by the weighted average number of equity shares

which would be issued on the conversion of all the
dilutive potential equity shares into equity shares.
Dilutive potential equity shares when applicable
are deemed converted as of the beginning of the
period, unless they have been issued at a later date.

w. Share Based Payments

Employees (including senior executives) of the
Company and its one subsidiary, receive
remuneration in the form of share-based
payments, whereby employees render services as
consideration for equity instruments (equity-
settled transactions).

Equity-settled transactions

The cost of equity-settled transactions is
determined by the fair value at the date when the
grant is made using an appropriate valuation
model. Further details are given in Note 42.

That cost is recognised, together with a
corresponding increase in share-based payment
(SBP) reserves in equity, over the period in which
the performance and/or service conditions are
fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The
cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled
transactions at each reporting date until the vesting
date reflects the extent to which the vesting period
has expired and the Group''s best estimate of the
number of equity instruments that will ultimately
vest. The expense or credit in the statement of
profit and loss for a period represents the
movement in cumulative expense recognised as
at the beginning and end of that period and is
recognised in employee benefits expense.

With respect to ESOP granted to employee of
subsidiary Company, the same has been treated
as deemed investment in the financial statements
of the Company and equity contribution in the
financial statements of subsidiary company.

Service and non-market performance conditions
are not taken into account when determining the
grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood
of the conditions being met is assessed as part of
the Group''s best estimate of the number of equity
instruments that will ultimately vest. Market
performance conditions are reflected within the
grant date fair value. Any other conditions attached
to an award, but without an associated service
requirement, are considered to be non-vesting
conditions. Non-vesting conditions are reflected

in the fair value of an award and lead to an
immediate expensing of an award unless there are
also service and/or performance conditions.

No expense is recognised for awards that do not
ultimately vest because non-market performance
and/or service conditions have not been met.
Where awards include a market or non-vesting
condition, the transactions are treated as vested
irrespective of whether the market or non-vesting
condition is satisfied, provided that all other
performance and/or service conditions are
satisfied.

When the terms of an equity-settled award are
modified, the minimum expense recognised is the
grant date fair value of the unmodified award,
provided the original vesting terms of the award
are met. An additional expense, measured as at
the date of modification, is recognised for any
modification that increases the total fair value of
the share-based payment transaction, or is
otherwise beneficial to the employee. Where an
award is cancelled by the entity or by the
counterparty, any remaining element of the fair
value of the award is expensed immediately
through profit or loss.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is
reflected as additional share dilution in the
computation of diluted earnings per share.

x Climate - related matters

The Company considers climate-related matters in
estimates and assumptions, where appropriate.
This assessment includes a wide range of possible
impacts on the Company due to both physical and
transition risks. Even though the Company believes
its business model and products will still be viable
after the transition to a low-carbon economy,
climate-related matters increase the uncertainty in
estimates and assumptions underpinning several
items in the financial statements. Even though
climate-related risks might not currently have a
significant impact on measurement, the Company
is closely monitoring relevant changes and
developments, such as new climate-related
legislation.

2.1 New and amended Standard adopted by the

Company

The Company applied for the first-time certain

standards and amendments, which are effective for

annual periods beginning on or after 1 April 2024. The
Company has not early adopted any standard,
interpretation or amendment that has been issued but
is not yet effective.

(i) Ind AS 117 Insurance Contracts

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) notified
the Ind AS 117, Insurance Contracts, vide
notification dated 12 August 2024, under the
Companies (Indian Accounting Standards)
Amendment Rules, 2024, which is effective from
annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1
April 2024.

Ind AS 117 Insurance Contracts is a comprehensive
new accounting standard for insurance contracts
covering recognition and measurement,
presentation and disclosure. Ind AS 117 replaces
Ind AS 104 Insurance Contracts. Ind AS 117 applies
to all types of insurance contracts, regardless of
the type of entities that issue them as well as to
certain guarantees and financial instruments with
discretionary participation features; a few scope
exceptions will apply. Ind AS 117 is based on a
general model, supplemented by:

• A specific adaptation for contracts with direct
participation features (the variable fee
approach)

• A simplified approach (the premium allocation
approach) mainly for short-duration contracts

The application of Ind AS 117 does not have
material impact on the Company''s separate
financial statements as the Company has not
entered any contracts in the nature of insurance
contracts covered under Ind AS 117.

(ii) Amendments to Ind AS 116 Leases - Lease
Liability in a Sale and Leaseback

The MCA notified the Companies (Indian
Accounting Standards) Second Amendment Rules,
2024, which amend Ind AS 116, Leases, with respect
to Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback.

The amendment specifies the requirements that a
seller-lessee uses in measuring the lease liability
arising in a sale and leaseback transaction, to
ensure the seller-lessee does not recognise any
amount of the gain or loss that relates to the right
of use it retains.

The amendment is effective for annual reporting
periods beginning on or after 1 April 2024 and must

be applied retrospectively to sale and leaseback
transactions entered into after the date of initial
application of Ind AS 116.

The amendments do not have a material impact
on the Company''s separate financial statements.

2.2 Standards issued but not yet effective

The new and amended standards and interpretations
that are issued, but not yet effective, up to the date of
issuance of the Company''s standalone financial
statements are disclosed below. The Company will
adopt this new and amended standard, when it become
effective:

Lack of exchangeability - Amendments to Ind AS
21

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs notified amendments
to Ind AS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange
Rates to specify how an entity should assess whether a
currency is exchangeable and how it should determine
a spot exchange rate when exchangeability is lacking.
The amendments also require disclosure of information
that enables users of its financial statements to
understand how the currency not being exchangeable
into the other currency affects, or is expected to affect,
the entity''s financial performance, financial position and
cash flows.

The amendments are effective for annual reporting
periods beginning on or after 1 April 2025. When
applying the amendments, an entity cannot restate
comparative information.

The amendments are not expected to have a material
impact on the Company''s financial statements.

2.3 Changes in accounting policies and disclosures

During the year, the Company has reassessed
presentation of outstanding employee salaries and
wages, which were previously presented under ''Trade

Payables'' within ''Current Financial Liabilities''. In line the
recent opinion issued by the Expert Advisory
Committee (EAC) of the Institute of Chartered
Accountants of India (ICAI) on the "Classification and
Presentation of Accrued Wages and Salaries to
Employees", the Company has concluded that
presenting such amounts under ''Other Financial
Liabilities'', within ''Current Financial Liabilities'', results
in improved presentation and better reflects the nature
of these obligations. Accordingly, amounts aggregating
to INR 585.52 lacs as at March 31, 2025 (INR 426.95
lacs as at March 31, 2024), previously classified under
''Trade Payables'', have been reclassified under the head
''Other Financial Liabilities''. Both line items form part
of the main heading ''Financial Liabilities.

In addition, the Company has reviewed its presentation
of segment information in line with the IFRS
Interpretations Committee''s Agenda Decision titled
"Operating Segments - Disclosure of Revenues and
Expenses for Reportable Segments". Based on this
guidance, the Company has enhanced its segment
disclosures to include segment-wise break-up of
specified and material income and expense items. To
ensure consistency and comparability, the
corresponding figures for the year ended March
31,2024 have also been revised.

The above changes do not impact recognition and
measurement of items in the financial statements, and,
consequentially, there is no impact on total equity and/
or profit (loss) for the current or any of the earlier
periods. Nor there is any material impact on
presentation of cash flow statement. Considering the
nature of changes, the management believes that they
do not have any material impact on the balance sheet
at the beginning of the comparative period and,
therefore, there is no need for separate presentation
of third balance sheet. For details refer to Note 18 and
33.

Notes:

i) On transition to Ind AS (i.e. 1 April 2016), the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all property,
plant and equipment measured as per previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of property,
plant and equipment.

ii) Capital work-in-progress

Capital work-in progress is comprised of expenditure on buildings under construction in respect of factory buildings
and capital expenditure on plant and machinery.

iii) Property plant and equipment pledged as security

Refer note 11 (A) and 11 (B) for information on property, plant and equipment pledged as security for borrowings by
the Company.

iv) Contractual obligations

Refer note 32(A) for disclosure of contractual commitments for the acquisition of property, plant and equipment.

v) Capitalised borrowing cost

Borrowing cost capitalised in case of Property, plant and equipment under construction for the year ended 31 March
2025 of Rs 369.23 lacs (31 March 2024: Rs 205.66 lacs). The rate used to determine the amount of borrowing costs
eligible for capitalisation was 9.65 % (31 March 2024: 9.50%) which is the effective interest rate of the specific borrowing.

vi) Assets held in the name of the Company

The title deeds of all immovable properties (i.e. land and building) are held in the name of the Company as at 31
March 2025 and 31 March 2024.

Note:

Derivative instruments at fair value through profit or loss reflect the positive change in fair value of those foreign
exchange forward contracts that are not designated in hedge relationships, but are, nevertheless, intended to reduce
the level of foreign currency risk for expected sales and purchases.

# Expense recoverable from shareholder of Rs Nil ( March 31, 2024: Rs 192.68 lakhs ) incurred by the Company is
towards proposed Initial Public Offering (IPO) of the equity shares held by the selling shareholder. As per the offer
agreement with the selling shareholders, these expenses are recoverable in proportion to the shares that are expected
to be offered to the public in the offering.

Nature and purpose of reserves:

Securities premium

Securities premium is used to record the premium on issue of shares. The reserve can be utilised only for limited
purposes such as issuance of bonus shares in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

General reserve

Under the erstwhile Companies Act 1956, general reserve was created through an annual transfer of net income at a
specified percentage in accordance with applicable regulations. The purpose of these transfers was to ensure that if
a dividend distribution in a given year is more than 10% of the paid-up capital of the Company for that year, then the
total dividend distribution is less than the total distributable results for that year. Consequent to introduction of
Companies Act 2013, the requirement to mandatorily transfer a specified percentage of the net profit to general
reserve has been withdrawn. However, the amount previously transferred to the general reserve can be utilised only
in accordance with the specific requirements of Companies Act, 2013.

Capital redemption reserve

The Capital redemption reserve has been created in accordance with provision of the Companies Act, 2013 with
respect to buy back of equity shares from the market during the previous year.

Retained earnings

Retained earnings are the profits/(loss) that the Company has earned/incurred till date, less any transfers to general
reserve, dividends or other distributions paid to shareholders. Retained earnings include re-measurement loss /
(gain) on defined benefit plans, net of taxes that will not be reclassified to Statement of Profit and Loss.

Employee stock option outstanding reserve

Employee stock option outstanding reserve is used to record the fair value of equity-settled share based payment
transactions with employees.

i) Security clauses

a) Term loan of Rs. 7,562.53 lacs (31 March 2024: INR 7,383.07 lacs) is secured by way of i) first pari-passu
charge on the fixed assets of the Piping Unit of the Company at Palwal & Numaligarh Unit ii) Pari-passu
charge with other Term Lender for the Gujarat (Fabrication) Unit on the project asset funded out of Term
Loan by way of hypothecation on entire plant and machineries and MFA iii) Pari-passu charge by way of
Equitable Mortgage of factory land and building at the fabrication plant in gujarat measuring 9 Acres situated
at REVENUE Survey No. 28 P/1, Village - Lakhapar, State Highway Satapar Lakhapar Road, Taluka Anjaar, Dist
Kutch, Gujarat, with other Term Lender. iv) Equitable charge on the fixed deposit of Rs. 431 lacs with other
Term Lender of the new unit.

b) Further, term loan are secured by Irrevocable and unconditional, joint and several personal guarantee of the
promoters and corporate guarantee of DDE Piping Components Private Limited.

c) Vehicle loan

Term loan of INR 267.38 lacs (31 March 2024: INR 293.10 lacs) is secured by way of charges on vehicle owned
by the Company against which such loan is obtained.

ii) Loan Covenants:

Term loan contain certain debt covenants relating to security cover, debt-equity ratio the Company has satisfied
all debt covenants prescribed in the terms of term loan.

iii) The Company has not defaulted on any loans payable.

iv) All term loans availed by the Company have been utilised for the purpose for which they have been obtained.

Notes:

i) Security clauses

a) The rate of interest for loan taken from banks is ranging from 3.36 % p.a. to 11.75% p.a. (31 March, 2024 -
4.36 % p.a. to 12.15% p.a.)

b) The rate of interest for loan taken from Non Banking Financial Company is ranging from 11.75 % p.a. to
15.00% p.a ( 31 March 2024: 11.75 % p.a. to 15.00% p.a.).

c) Cash credit facilities, Working Capital Demand Loan, Buyer credit and Export Packing Credit of INR 26,352.84
lacs (31 March 2024: INR 27,878.29 lacs) is secured by way of i) second pari-passu charge on the fixed assets
and first pari-passu charge on current assets of the Piping Unit of the Company ii) exclusive charges on the
current assets of the 8 MW power plant, of the Company ii) first pari-passu charge on the property situated
at Jatola Road, Tatarpur Industrial Area Maidapur, Tehsil & Distt. Palwal measuring 1,770.00 sq. Yards iii) first
pari-passu charge on the basis of equitable mortgage over residential house situated at 1255, sector 14
Faridabad, ownership in the name of Mr. Krishan Lalit Bansal [(Chairman and Managing Director) (area 500
Sq yards) iv) first pari-passu charges basis on net block of the 8 MW power unit at Gaddadhob, Tehsil -
Abohar, Distt - Firozpur, Punjab v) first pari-passu charge on the property situated at Unit 11 and Unit 12,
First Floor, Block No: II SIDCO Electronic Complex, Thiru VI Ka Industrial Estate, Gundy, Chennai, measuring
2,053 sq. ft. in the name of the Company. vi) first pari-passu charge on the fixed deposit of INR 350 lacs v)
Exclusive charge over FDR of Rs. 15 lacs in favor of Bank of India

d) Further, Cash credit, WCDL and Buyer Credit are secured by Irrevocable and unconditional, joint and several
personal guarantee of the promoters and corporate guarantee of DDE Piping Components Private Limited.

e) Unsecured and non-interest bearing loan from director.

Terms and conditions of the above financial liabilities:

- Trade payables are non-interest bearing and are normally settled on 0 to 75 days terms including those trade
payables that are included in the Company''s supplier finance arrangement.

- For terms and conditions relating to related party payables, refer to note 31(E ).

- For explanations on the Company''s credit risk management processes, refer to note 36.

The Company has established a supplier finance arrangement that is offered to some of the Company''s key suppliers
in India. Participation in the arrangement is at the suppliers'' own discretion. Suppliers that participate in the supplier
finance arrangement will receive early payment on invoices sent to the Company from the Company''s external
finance provider. If suppliers choose to receive early payment, they pay a fee to the finance provider, to which the
Company is not party. In order for the finance provider to pay the invoices, the goods must have been received or
supplied and the invoices approved by the Company. Payments to suppliers ahead of the invoice due date are
processed by the finance provider and, in all cases, the Company settles the original invoice by paying the finance
provider in line with the original invoice maturity date described above. Payment terms with suppliers have not been
renegotiated in conjunction with the arrangement. The Company provides no security to the finance provider and
there is no change in the Company''s original obligation towards the supplier.

Accordingly, the trade payables subject to the supplier finance arrangement are included in trade payables in the
balance sheet.

^A Acceptances includes transactions where Company bank issues a letter of credit guaranteeing payment to seller''s
bank. Seller ships goods, presents documents complying with LC terms to receive payment from buyer''s bank, ensuring
secure domestic / international transactions on due date. while the Company records the liability until settling with
the bank usually within 90 days. Also includes arrangements where suppliers of goods and services are initially paid
by the banks, while Company continues to recognize the liability till settlement with the banks, which are normally
effected within a period of 89 days to 120 days.

Performance obligation

Information about the Company''s performance obligations for material contracts are summarised below:

The performance obligation of the Company in case of sale of products and job work is satisfied once the goods are
transported as per terms of order and control is transferred to the customers.

The customer makes the payment for contracted price as per terms stipulated under customers purchase order.

Information about the Company''s performance obligations for electricity supply contract are summarised
below:

The performance obligation of the Company in case of sale of electricity is based on supply of electricity through
installed meters. Revenue from sales of electricity is accounted for on the basis of billing to customer based on billing
cycles followed by the Company.

The customer makes the payment for electricity supplied during the billing cycle at contracted price as per terms
stipulated under agreement.

Information about the Company''s performance obligations for erection and design services contracts are
summarised below:

The performance obligation is satisfied over-time and payment is generally due upon completion of erection and

result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future
periods.

Other disclosures relating to the Company''s exposure to risks and uncertainties includes:

• Capital management Note 37

• Financial risk management objectives and policies Note 36

• Sensitivity analyses disclosures Notes 36

Judgements

In the process of applying the Company''s accounting policies, management has made the following judgements,
which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the Standalone financial statements.

Determining the lease term of contracts with renewal and termination options - Company as lessee

The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable term of the lease, together with any periods covered
by an option to extend the lease if it is reasonably certain to be exercised, or any periods covered by an option to
terminate the lease, if it is reasonably certain not to be exercised.

The Company has several lease contracts that include extension and termination options. The Company applies
judgement in evaluating whether it is reasonably certain whether or not to exercise the option to renew or terminate
the lease. That is, it considers all relevant factors that create an economic incentive for it to exercise either the
renewal or termination. After the commencement date, the Company reassesses the lease term if there is a significant
event or change in circumstances that is within its control and affects its ability to exercise or not to exercise the
option to renew or to terminate (e.g., construction of significant leasehold improvements or significant customisation
to the right-of-use assets).

The Company included the renewal period as part of the lease term for leases of land with shorter non-cancellable
period (i.e., three to five years). The Company typically exercises its option to renew for these leases because there
will be a significant negative effect on production if factory land is not readily available.

Refer to Note 38 for information on potential future rental payments of leases.

Estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date,
that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the
next financial year, are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available
when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments,
however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company.
Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

Valuation of Investment in subsidiaries

Investments in subsidiaries are carried at cost. At each balance sheet date, the management assesses the indicators
of impairment of such investments. This requires assessment of several external and internal factor including
capitalisation rate, key assumption used in discounted cash flow models (such as revenue growth, unit price and
discount rates) or sales comparison method which may affect the carrying value of investments in subsidiaries.

Impairment of non-financial assets

Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount, which
is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The fair value less costs of disposal calculation
is based on available data from binding sales transactions, conducted at arm''s length, for similar assets or observable
market prices less incremental costs for disposing of the asset. The value in use calculation is based on a DCF model.
The cash flows are derived from the budget for the next five years and do not include restructuring activities that the
Company is not yet committed to or significant future investments that will enhance the asset''s performance of the
CGU being tested. The recoverable amount is sensitive to the discount rate used for the DCF model as well as the
expected future cash-inflows and the growth rate used for extrapolation purposes.

Taxes

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which
the losses can be utilised. Significant management judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax

assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with
future tax planning strategies.

Defined benefit plans (gratuity)

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using
actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual
developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate; future salary increases and mortality
rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is
highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

The calculation is most sensitive to changes in the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate for
plans operated in India, the management considers the interest rates of government bonds where remaining maturity
of such bond correspond to expected term of defined benefit obligation.

The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables. Those mortality tables tend to change only at
interval in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases and gratuity increases are based on expected
future inflation rates.

Further details about gratuity obligations are given in Note 30.

Fair value measurement of financial instruments

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured
based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the DCF
model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible,
a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as
liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility.

Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments. Refer note
34 for further disclosures.

Useful Lives of Property Plant and Equipment

The Company reviews the estimated residual values and expected useful lives of assets at least annually. In particular,
the Company considers the impact of health, safety and environmental legislation in its assessment of expected
useful lives and estimated residual values. Refer note (2(h)) in accounting policies.

Share-based payments

Estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions requires determination of the most appropriate valuation
model, which depends on the terms and conditions of the grant. This estimate also requires determination of the
most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the expected life of the share option or appreciation right,
volatility and dividend yield and making assumptions about them. For the measurement of the fair value of equity-
settled transactions with employees at the grant date, the Company uses Black-Scholes Model for share Option Plan
given to employees. The assumptions and models used for estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions
are disclosed in Note 42.

Provision for expected credit losses of trade receivables

The Company uses a provision matrix to calculate ECLs for trade receivables. The provision rates are based on days
past due for companyings of various customer segments that have similar loss patterns (i.e., by geography, product
type, customer type and rating, and coverage by letters of credit and other forms of credit insurance).

The provision matrix is initially based on the Company''s historical observed default rates. The Company will calibrate
the matrix to adjust the historical credit loss experience with forward-looking information. For instance, if forecast
economic conditions (i.e., gross domestic product) are expected to deteriorate over the next year which can lead to
an increased number of defaults in the manufacturing sector, the historical default rates are adjusted. At every
reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are
analysed.

The assessment of the correlation between historical observed default rates, forecast economic conditions and ECLs
is a significant estimate. The amount of ECLs is sensitive to changes in circumstances and of forecast economic
conditions. The Company''s historical credit loss experience and forecast of economic conditions may also not be
representative of customer''s actual default in the future. The information about the ECLs on the Company''s trade
receivables is disclosed in Note 6(A).

30 Gratuity and other post-employment benefit plans
A. Defined benefit plans - general description

The Company has a defined benefit gratuity plan (funded). The Company''s defined benefit gratuity plan is a final
salary plan for employees, which requires contributions to be made to a separately administered fund.

The gratuity plan is governed by the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. Under the act, employee who has completed five
years of service is entitled to specific benefit. The level of benefits provided depends on the member''s length of
service and salary at retirement age. The scheme is funded through a trust and funds are managed by Life Insurance
Corporation of India

Each year, the executive management commitee of Company reviews the level of funding in the gratuity plan in
accordance with planned contribution of as per LIC. Such a review includes the asset-liability matching strategy and
investment risk management policy. This includes employing the use of annuities to manage the risks.

The following tables summaries the components of net benefit expense recognised in the Statement of Profit and
Loss and the funded status and amounts recognised in the balance sheet for the plan (based on actuarial valuation):

(E) Terms and conditions of transactions with related parties

i) Sales to related parties and concerned balances:

For terms of transaction

Sales are made to related parties on the same terms as applicable to third parties in an arm''s length transaction
and in the ordinary course of business. The Company mutually negotiates and agrees sales price, discount and
payment terms with the related parties by benchmarking the same to transactions with non-related parties, who
purchase goods and services of the Company in similar quantities. Such sales generally include payment terms
requiring related party to make payment within 30 to 180 days from the date of invoice.

For terms of balance

(ii) Trade receivables outstanding balances are unsecured, interest free and require settlement in cash. No
guarantee or other security has been received against these receivables. The amounts are recoverable within 30
to 180 days from the reporting date (31 March 2024: 30 to 180 days from the reporting date). For the year ended
31 March 2025, the Company has not recorded any impairment on receivables due from related parties (31
March 2024: Nil)

ii) Purchases of goods and related balances
For terms of transaction

Purchases are made from related parties on the same terms as applicable to third parties in an arm''s length

transaction and in the ordinary course of business. The Company mutually negotiates and agrees purchase price
and payment terms with the related parties by benchmarking the same to sale transactions with non-related
parties entered into by the counter-party and similar purchase transactions entered into by the Company with
the other non-related parties. Such purchases generally include payment terms requiring the Company to make
payment within 0 to 75 days from the date of invoice.

For terms of balance

Trade payables outstanding balances are unsecured, interest free and require settlement in cash. No guarantee
or other security has been given against these payables. The amounts are payable within 0 to 75 days from the
reporting date (31 March 2024: 0 to 75 days from the reporting date).

iii) Services received from related parties

a) Job work

The Company has received the Job work services on the same terms as applicable to third parties in an arm''s
length transaction and in the ordinary course of business. The Company mutually negotiated and agrees the
price and payment terms with the related parties by benchmarking the same to the services to non-related
parties entered into by the counter-party and similar services received by the Company from other non¬
related parties. The service agreement included payment terms requiring the Company to make payment
within 0 to 75 days from the date of invoice. The amount was fully repaid at the reporting date.

b) Rent

The Company has taken factory building on lease from subsidiary Company on short term basis. At the end
of lease term, the lease agreement is renewable based on mutual negotiation and agreement. For the year
ended 31 March 2025, the Company has not recorded any impairment on lease payments due from the
related party (31 March 2024: Nil).

iv) Items of Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE) purchased from the related party

During the year 2024-25, the Company has purchased items of PPE from DEE Fabricom India Private Limited. The
purchase was made on the same terms as applicable to third parties in an arm''s length transaction and in the
ordinary course of business. The Company mutually negotiated and agreed purchase price and payment terms
with DEE Fabricom India Private Limited by benchmarking the same to sale transactions with non-related parties
entered into by the counter-party and similar purchase transactions entered into by the Company with the other
non-related parties. Such purchases generally include payment terms requiring the Company to make payment
within 30 to 60 days from the date of invoice. The amount was fully repaid at the reporting date.

v) Loans given to related parties

The loans granted to subsidiaries was given in the previous years to finance the setup of plant and to support
working capital requirements of these subsidiaries. The loan has been utilized by the subsidiaries for the purpose
it was obtained. The loans are un-secured. For the year ended 31 March 2025, the Company has not recorded
any impairment on loans due from subsidiaries (31 March 2024: Nil).

vi) Guarantees given on behalf of related parties

The Company has given guarantee against loan amounting to INR 3,096.74 lacs obtained by Malwa Power
Private Limited and DEE Fabricom India Private Limited in current year and INR 8,221.69 lacs obtained by DEE
Piping Systems (Thailand) Co. Limited in financial year 2022-23 from bank to finance the working capital
requirements and to set-up the plant. The loan has been utilized by these subsidiaries for the purpose it was
obtained. The loan is first secured against the equipment purchased from the loan. The Guarantee given by the
Company will require it to make specified payments to reimburse the bank for the loss it incurs if subsidiaries
fails to make payment when due in accordance with the original terms of the loan arrangement.

The Company is entitled to recover losses from subsidiaries if it needs to make any payment to bank under the
guarantee arrangement.The Company has not received any commission from subsidiaries for providing the
guarantee. The Company expects that subsidiaries will make payment to the bank when loan is repayable. For
the year ended 31 March 2025, the Company has not recorded any impairment on guarantee arrangement (31
March 2024: Nil).

*The Income Tax Authorities have raised demands on account of disallowances of certain expenditures pertaining
to different assessment years. The Company is contesting these demands, which are pending at various appellate
levels. Based on the advice from independent tax experts and the development on the appeals, the management
is confident that additional tax so demanded with reference to these cases will not be sustained on completion
of the appellate proceedings and accordingly, pending the decision by the appellate authorities, no provision
has been considered in the financial statements. Further, the income tax authorities have issued notices for
initiation of penalty proceedings in respect of various assessment years, which has been appropriately responded
by the Company and there is no further demands raised by the income tax authorities.

**The Excise/ GST Authorities have raised demands on account of non payment of excise duty on certain goods.
The Company is contesting these demands, which are pending at various appellate levels. Based on the advice
from independent experts and the development on the appeals, the management is confident that the demands
raised by Excise/GST Authorities is not tenable and accordingly no provision has been considered in the financial
statements.

^A The Company is of the view that it will be able to fulfil its underlying export obligations amounting to INR
10,033.38 lacs for the year ended March 31,2025. Accordingly, no adjustment is required in the financial statements.

d) The Company is currently involved in a legal dispute with Hyundai Merchant Marine India Private Limited (HMMIPL)
relating to the import of raw materials in earlier years. The Company has raised claims of INR 127.89 lakhs against
HMMIPL and in response, HMMIPL has lodged counterclaims amounting to INR 178.49 lakhs. Currently in ongoing
litigation, the Company is confident in its legal position based on evaluations and advice, and believes that there
will be no outflow of the company''s economic resources and accordingly no provision has been considered in
the financial statements.

e) The Company had received a Demand notice from the Commissioner of Customs demanding payment of customs
duty of INR 815.09 lacs and imposed penalty of INR 305.00 lacs. This demand was made due to alleged non¬
compliance with pre-import and physical export conditions related to raw materials imported in previous years.
The Company has evaluated the demand raised by the authorities and company had filled appeal before
honourable CESTAT after paying 7.5% of INR 815.09 lacs under protest. Based on the advice from independent
experts, the management is confident that the demands raised by Custom Authorities is not tenable and the
Company is in the process of filing an appeal before the higher authorities.

f) On May 19, 2023, the Enforcement Directorate issued a notice in accordance with FEMA regulations, requesting
specific information related to the Company''s operations and financial transactions. The Company duly furnished
the required information to the relevant authority on August 25, 2023, ensuring compliance with FEMA regulations.

g) The Customs Authorities have issued a demand for antidumping duty regarding imports of seamless carbon
steel pipes in earlier years. The notice requires payment of the necessary antidumping duty amounting to Rs
72.43 lacs. Based on expert advice, the Company has made provision of Rs 47.64 lacs for potential exposure, and
the remaining demanded duty balance of Rs 24.79 lacs is not payable as the goods were imported under an
advance authorization.

C. Guarantees

The Company has given corporate guarantee for loans taken by subsidiary companies, to the extent loan amount
outstanding as on balance sheet date. The carrying amounts of the related financial guarantee contracts were INR
5,220.12 lacs at 31 March 2025 and INR 6,029.22 lacs at 31 March 2024 respectively.

33 Segment reporting
A Basis for segmentation

The Executive Management Committee monitors the operating results of its business units separately for the purpose
of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated
based on profit or loss and is measured consistently with profit or loss in the standalone financial statements. Operating
segment have been identified on the basis of nature of products and other quantitative criteria specified in the Ind
AS 108.

On the basis of nature of businesses and information reviewed by Executive Management Committee, the Company
has determined two reportable segments, as follows:

- The piping segment which is mainly engaged in manufacturing of pre-fabricated engineering products, pipe
fittings, piping systems.

- The power segment, which is engaged in biomass based power generation

No operating segments have been aggregated to form the above reportable operating segments.

Segment revenue and results:

The expenses / income which are not directly attributable to any segment are shown as unallocable expenditure. The
assets/ liabilities which are not directly attributable to any segment are shown as unallocable assets / liabilities''

Segment assets and liabilities:

Segment assets include all operating assets used by the operating segment and mainly consist of property, plant and
equipment, capital work in progress, intangible assets, right of use assets, trade receivables, cash and bank balances,
term deposits, Inventory and other operating assets. Segment liabilities primarily include trade payable, lease liabilities,
borrowings and other liabilities. Common assets and liabilities which can not be allocated to any of the segment are
shown as unallocable assets / liabilities.

Transfer prices between operating segments are on an arm''s length basis in a manner similar to transactions with
third parties.

Note:¬
* The management assessed that fair value of trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, other
short-term financial assets, short-term borrowings, trade payables and other short-term financial liabilities approximate
their carrying amounts largely due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

The fair value of the financial assets and liabilities is included at the amount at which the instrument could be
exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values:

a. Foreign exchange forward contracts- The Company enters into derivative financial instruments with various
counterparties, principally financial institutions with investment grade credit ratings. Foreign exchange forward
contracts are valued using valuation techniques, which employs the use of market observable inputs. The most
frequently applied valuation techniques include forward pricing , using present value calculations. The models
incorporate various inputs including the credit quality of counterparties, foreign exchange spot and forward
rates, yield curves of the respective currencies, currency basis spreads between the respective currencies. As at
31 March 2025, the mark-to-market value of other derivative asset positions is net of a credit valuation adjustment
attributable to derivative counterparty default risk.

b. Non-current borrowings - The fair value of non-current borrowings is estimated by discounting future cash flows
using rates currently available for debt on similar terms, credit risk and remaining maturities. The carrying value
and fair value of the borrowings has been considered the same since the existing interest rate approximates its
fair value.

c. The fair value of security deposit has been estimated using DCF model which consider certain assumptions viz.
forecast cash flows, discount rate, credit risk and volatility.

d. The fair value of loan to related parties including interest accrued has been estimated using DCF model which
consider certain assumptions viz. forecast cash flows, discount rate, credit risk and volatility.

e. The fair value of bank deposits has been estimated using DCF model which consider certain assumptions viz.
discount rate, credit risk and volatility etc.

35 Fair value hierarchy

This section explains the judgements and estimates made in determining the fair values of the financial instruments
that are:

(a) recognised and measured at fair value and

(b) measured at amortised cost and for which fair values are disclosed in the financial statements.

To provide an indication about the reliability of the inputs used in determining fair value, the Company has classified
its financial instruments into the three levels prescribed under the accounting standard. An explanation of each level
follows underneath the table.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within
the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value
measurement as a whole:

Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is
directly or indirectly observable

36 Financial risk management objectives and policies

The Company''s principal financial liabilities comprise borrowings, lease liabilities, trade and other payables. The main
purpose of these financial liabilities is to finance the Company''s operations. The Company''s principal financial assets
include security deposits given, loan to related party, employee advances, trade and other receivables, cash and cash
equivalents and other assets.

The Company is exposed to market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company''s senior management oversees
the management of these risks. All derivative activities for risk management purposes are carried out by specialist
teams that have the appropriate skills, experience and supervision. It is the Company''s policy that no trading in

derivatives for speculative purposes may be undertaken. The Board of Directors reviews and agrees policies for
managing each of these risks, which are summarised below.

Market risk

Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of
changes in market prices. Market risk comprises interest rate risk and currency risk. Financial instruments affected by
market risk include borrowings and foreign exchange forward contracts.

The sensitivity analysis has been prepared on the basis that the amount of net debt, the ratio of floating to fixed
interest rates of the debt and the proportion of financial instruments in foreign currencies are all constant in place at
31 March 2025 and 31 March 2024.

The sensitivity analysis in the following sections relate to the position as at 31 March 2025 and 31 March 2024.

The analyses exclude the impact of movements in market variables on the carrying values of gratuity and provisions.
The following assumptions have been made in calculating the sensitivity analysis:

The sensitivity of the relevant profit or loss item is the effect of the assumed changes in respective market risks. This
is based on the financial assets and financial liabilities held at 31 March 2025 and 31 March 2024.

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of
changes in market interest rates. The Company''s exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates
primarily to the Company''s obligations with floating interest rates.

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk because Company borrows funds at floating interest rates. These
exposures are reviewed by appropriate levels of management. The Company regularly monitors the market rate of
interest to mitigate the risk exposure. The following table demonstrates the sensitivity to a reasonably possible
change in interest rates on that portion of borrowings affected. With all other variables held constant, the Company''s
profit before tax is affected through the impact on floating rate borrowings, as follows:

The assumed movement in interest rates for the interest rate sensitivity analysis is based on the currently observable
market environment, showing a significantly higher volatility than in prior years.

Foreign currency risk

Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of an exposure will fluctuate because of
changes in foreign exchange rates. The Company''s exposure to the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates relates
primarily to the Company''s operating activities (when revenue or expense is denominated in a foreign currency).

The Company manages its foreign currency risk by purchasing foreign currency forward contracts for purchase
transactions that are expected to occur within a maximum 12-month forecasted period. The following tables
demonstrate the unhedged foreign currency exposure and sensitivity to a reasonably possible change in foreign
exchange rates, with all other variables held constant. The impact on the Company''s profit before tax is due to
changes in the fair value of monetary assets and liabilities are as follows:

Foreign currency sensitivity

The following tables demon

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Mar 31, 2024

o. Provisions

A provision is recognised when an enterprise has a present obligation as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. If the effect of time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a pre-tax rate that reflects when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability.

p. Retirement and other employee benefits

(i) Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expense, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent

that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

(ii) Gratuity is a defined benefit plan and provision is being made on the basis of actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary at the year end using projected unit credit method, and is contributed to the Gratuity fund managed by the Life Insurance Corporation of India.

Remeasurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.

Past service costs are recognised in profit or loss on the earlier of:

• The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and

• The date that the Company recognises related restructuring costs

Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss:

• Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements; and

• Net interest expense or income Compensated Absences

Accumulated leave which is expected to be utilized within the next 12 months, is treated as short-term employee benefit. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

The Company treats accumulated leave expected

to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they occur. The Company presents the entire leave as a current liability in the balance sheet, since it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement for 12 months after the reporting date.

q. Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial assets

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.

Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:

• Debt instruments at amortised cost

• Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

• Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

• Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

Debt instruments at amortised cost

A ''debt instrument'' is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the profit or loss.

Debt instrument at FVTOCI

A ''debt instrument'' is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:

a) The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

b) The asset''s contractual cash flows represent SPPI.

Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI).

Debt instrument at FVTPL

FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.

In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as ''accounting mismatch''). The Company has not designated any debt instrument as at FVTPL.

Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the statement of Profit and Loss.

Equity investments

All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration

recognised by an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS103 applies are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to P&L, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the statement of Profit and Loss.

Derecognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company''s balance sheet) when:

• The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

• The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ''pass-through'' arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company''s continuing involvement. In that case,

the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the financial assets. The Company follows ''simplified approach'' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on Trade receivables.

The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR. When estimating the cash flows, an entity is required to consider:

• All contractual terms of the financial instrument (including prepayment, extension,

call and similar options) over the expected life of the financial instrument. However, in rare cases when the expected life of the financial instrument cannot be estimated reliably, then the entity is required to use the remaining contractual term of the financial instrument

• Cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual termsECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as income/ expense in the statement of profit and loss (P&L). This amount is reflected under the head ''other expenses'' in the statement of Profit and Loss.

Financial liabilities

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, trade and other payables. All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs. The Company''s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including cash credit and financial guarantee contracts.

Subsequent measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial

recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are recognized in OCI. These gains/ loss are not subsequently transferred to P&L. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through Statement of profit and loss.

Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

r. Derivative financial instruments

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risks respectively. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss.

s. Fair Value measurement

The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction

to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

• In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

• In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use. The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

• Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

• Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

• Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each

reporting period.

The Company''s management determines the policies and procedures for recurring fair value measurement, such as derivative instruments and unquoted financial assets measured at fair value.

At each reporting date, the management analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be remeasured or reassessed as per the Company''s accounting policies. The management also compares the change in the fair value of each asset and liability with relevant external sources to determine whether the change is reasonable.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

t. Contingent liability

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases, where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements unless the probability of outflow of resources is remote.Provisions and contingent liabilities are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

u. Segment Reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Board of Directors identified as chief operating decision-maker (CODM). The CODM is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments. Segments are organised based on type of services delivered or provided. Segment revenue arising from third party customers is reported on the same basis as revenue in the standalone Ind AS financial statements. Segment results represent profits before unallocated corporate expenses and taxes.

"Unallocated Corporate Expenses" include expenses that relate to costs attributable to the Company as a whole and are not attributable to segments.

v. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and on hand and shortterm deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above as they are considered an integral part of the Company''s cash management.

w. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss (after tax) for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

Diluted earnings per share when applicable are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss (after tax) for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares which would be issued on the conversion of all the dilutive potential equity shares into equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares when applicable are deemed converted as of the beginning of the period, unless they have been issued at a later date.

x. Employees (including senior executives) of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).

Equity-settled transactions

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model. Further details are given in Note 42

That cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in share-based payment (SBP) reserves in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting

date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Group''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The expense or credit in the statement of profit and loss for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that period and is recognised in employee benefits expense.

Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Group''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value. Any other conditions attached to an award, but without an associated service requirement, are considered to be non-vesting conditions. Non-vesting conditions are reflected in the fair value of an award and lead to an immediate expensing of an award unless there are also service and/or performance conditions.

No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest because non-market performance and/or service conditions have not been met. Where awards include a market or non-vesting condition, the transactions are treated as vested irrespective of whether the market or non-vesting condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance and/or service conditions are satisfied.

When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognised is the grant date fair value of the unmodified award, provided the original vesting terms of the award are met. An additional expense, measured as at the date of modification, is recognised for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediately through profit or loss.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

2.1 New and amended Standard adopted by the Company

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has notified Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2023 dated 31 March 2023 to amend the following Ind AS which are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 April 2023. The Company applied for the first-time these amendments.

(i) Definition of Accounting Estimates -Amendments to Ind AS 8

The amendments clarify the distinction between changes in accounting estimates and changes in accounting policies and the correction of errors. It has also been clarified how entities use measurement techniques and inputs to develop accounting estimates. The amendments had no impact on the Company''s standalone financial statements.

(ii) Disclosure of Accounting Policies -Amendments to Ind AS 1

The amendments aim to help entities provide accounting policy disclosures that are more useful by replacing the requirement for entities to disclose their ''significant'' accounting policies with a requirement to disclose their ''material'' accounting policies and adding guidance on how entities apply the concept of materiality in making decisions about accounting policy disclosures.

The amendments have had an impact on the Company''s disclosures of accounting policies, but not on the measurement, recognition or presentation of any items in the Company''s financial statements.

(iii) Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single T ransaction - Amendments to Ind AS 12

The amendments narrow the scope of the initial recognition exception under Ind AS 12, so that it no longer applies to transactions that give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences such as leases.

The Company previously recognised for deferred tax on leases on a net basis. As a result of these amendments, the Company has recognised a separate deferred tax asset in relation to its lease

liabilities and a deferred tax liability in relation to its right-of-use assets. Since, these balances qualify for offset as per the requirements of paragraph 74 of Ind AS 12,there is no impact in the balance sheet. There was also no impact on the opening retained earnings as at 1 April 2022.

Apart from these, consequential amendments and

editorials have been made to other Ind AS like Ind AS 101, Ind AS 102, Ind AS 103, Ind AS 107, Ind AS 109, Ind AS 115 and Ind AS 34.

2.2 Standards issued but not yet effective

There are no standards that are notified and not yet effective as on the date.

Notes:

i) On transition to Ind AS (i.e. 1 April 2015), the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all property, plant and equipment measured as per previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of property, plant and equipment.

ii) Capital work-in-progress

Capital work-in progress is comprised of expenditure on buildings under construction in respect of factory buildings and capital expenditure on plant and machinery.

iii) Property plant and equipment pledged as security

Refer note 11(A) and 11(B) for information on property, plant and equipment pledged as security for borrowings by the Company.

iv) Contractual obligations

Refer note 32(A) for disclosure of contractual commitments for the acquisition of property, plant and equipment.

v) Capitalised borrowing cost

Borrowing cost capitalised in case of Property, plant and equipment under construction for the year ended 31 March 2024 of '' 205.66 lacs (31 March 2023: '' Nil). The rate used to determine the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation was 9.69 %, 9.75 % and 9.50% (31 March 2023: Nil) which is the effective interest rate of the specific borrowing.

vi) Assets held in the name of the Company

The title deeds of all immovable properties (i.e. land and building) are held in the name of the Company as at 31 March 2024 and 31 March 2023.

Nature and purpose of reserves :

Securities premium

Securities premium reserve is used to record the premium on issue of shares. The reserve can be utilised only for limited purposes such as issuance of bonus shares in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

General reserve

Under the erstwhile Companies Act 1956, general reserve was created through an annual transfer of net income at a specified percentage in accordance with applicable regulations. The purpose of these transfers was to ensure that if a dividend distribution in a given year is more than 10% of the paid-up capital of the Company for that year, then the total dividend distribution is less than the total distributable results for that year. Consequent to introduction of Companies Act 2013, the requirement to mandatorily transfer a specified percentage of the net profit to general reserve has been withdrawn. However, the amount previously transferred to the general reserve can be utilised only in accordance with the specific requirements of Companies Act, 2013.

Capital redemption reserve

The Capital redemption reserve has been created in accordance with provision of the Companies Act, 2013 with respect to buy back of equity shares from the market during the previous year.

Retained earnings

Retained earnings are the profits/(loss) that the Company has earned/incurred till date, less any transfers to general reserve, dividends or other distributions paid to shareholders. Retained earnings include re-measurement loss / (gain) on defined benefit plans, net of taxes that will not be reclassified to Statement of Profit and Loss.

Employee stock option outstanding reserve

Employee stock option outstanding reserve is used to record the fair value of equity-settled share based payment transactions with employees.

a) Term loan of '' 7,383.07 lacs (31 March 2023: '' 2,907.40 lacs) is secured by way of i) first pari-passu charge on the fixed assets and current assets of the Piping Unit of the Company ii) exclusive charges on the current assets of the 8 MW power plant, of the Company iii) first pari-passu charges on the Land & Building situated at plant No-1 and 2, Tatarpur Road, District. Palwal iv) first pari-passu charge on the property situated at Jatola Road, Tatarpur Industrial Area Maidapur, Tehsil & Distt. Palwal measuring 1,770.00 sq. Yards, v) first pari-passu charge on the fixed deposit of '' 350 lacs. vi) second pari-passu charge on the basis of equitable mortgage over residential house situated at 1255, sector 14 Faridabad, ownership in the name of Mr. Krishan Lalit Bansal [(Chairman and Managing Director) (area 500 Sq. yards)], vii) first pari-passu charges basis on net block of the 8 MW power unit at Gaddadhob, Tehsil - Abohar, Distt - Firozpur, Punjab viii) first pari-passu charge on the property situated at Unit 11, Unit 12 and Unit 13, First Floor, Block No: II SIDCO Electronic Complex, Thiru VI Ka Industrial Estate, Gundy, Chennai, measuring 5,231.07 Sq. ft. in the name of the Company. ix) Pari-passu charge with other Term Lender for the new unit on the project asset funded out of Term Loan by way of hypothecation on entire plant and machineries and MFA of that unit. x) Pari-passu charge by way of Equitable Mortgage of factory land and building at the proposed plant measuring 9 Acres (approx) situated at REVENUE Survey No. 28 P/1, Village - Lakhapar, State Highway Satapar Lakhapar Road, Taluka Anjaar, Dist Kutch, Gujarat, with other Term Lender of the new unit xi) Pari-passu charge by way of Equitable Mortgage

a) The rate of interest for loan taken from banks is ranging from 4.36 % p.a. to 12.15% p.a. (31 March, 2023 -6.50 % p.a. to 10.45% p.a.)

b) The rate of interest for loan taken from Non Banking Financial Company is ranging from 11.75 % p.a. to 15.00% p.a. (31 March 2023: Nil).

c) Cash credit facilities, Working Capital Demand Loan, Buyer credit and Export Packing Credit of INR 27878.29 lacs (31 March 2023: INR 23,661.27 lacs) is secured by way of i) first pari-passu charge on the fixed assets and current assets of the Piping Unit of the Company ii) exclusive charges on the current assets of the 8 MW power plant, of the Company iii) first pari-passu charges on the Land & Building situated at plant No-1 and 2, Tatarpur Road, District. Palwal iv) first pari-passu charge on the property situated at Jatola Road, Tatarpur Industrial Area Maidapur, Tehsil & Distt. Palwal measuring 1,770.00 sq. Yards, v) first pari-passu charge on the fixed deposit of INR 350 lacs, vi) second pari-passu charge on the basis of equitable mortgage over residential house situated at 1255, sector 14 Faridabad, ownership in the name of Mr. Krishan Lalit Bansal [(Chairman and Managing Director) (area 500 Sq yards)], vii) first pari-passu charges basis on net block of the 8 MW power unit at Gaddadhob, Tehsil - Abohar, Distt - Firozpur, Punjab viii) first pari-passu charge on the property situated at Unit 11 and Unit 12, First Floor, Block No: II SIDCO Electronic Complex, Thiru VI Ka Industrial Estate, Gundy, Chennai, measuring 2,053 sq. ft. in the name of the Company.

d) Further, Cash credit, WCDL and Buyer Credit are secured by Irrevocable and unconditional, joint and several personal guarantee of the promoters and corporate guarantee of DDE Piping Components Private Limited.

Performance obligation

Information about the Company''s performance obligations for material contracts are summarised below:

The performance obligation of the Company in case of sale of products is satisfied once the goods are transported as per terms of order and control is transferred to the customers.

The customer makes the payment for contracted price as per terms stipulated under customers purchase order.

Information about the Company''s performance obligations for electricity supply contract are summarised below:

The performance obligation of the Company in case of sale of electricity is based on supply of electricity through installed meters. Revenue from sales of electricity is accounted for on the basis of billing to customer based on billing cycles followed by the Company.

The customer makes the payment for electricity supplied during the billing cycle at contracted price as per terms stipulated under agreement.

Information about the Company''s performance obligations for erection and design services contracts are summarised below:

The performance obligation is satisfied over-time and payment is generally due upon completion of erection and design services of the customer. In some contracts, short-term advances are required before the erection and design services is provided.

There is no remaining performance obligation for the year ended 31 March 2024 and 31 March 2023.

28 Earnings per share (EPS)

Basic EPS amounts is calculated by dividing the profit for the year attributable to equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

Diluted EPS amounts is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of Equity shares outstanding during the year plus the weighted average number of Equity shares that would be issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential Equity shares into equity shares.

On 7 September 2023, Company has issued 42,431,312 equity shares of '' 10 each as bonus shares in ratio of 4:1 to the existing equity shareholders. This has been approved by Board and Shareholders on 7 September 2023. Impact of the same has been considered in the calculation of Basic and Diluted EPS For the year ended 31 March 2023 and accordingly the Basic and Diluted EPS have been retrospectively adjusted.

29 Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions

The preparation of the Company''s financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

Judgements

In the process of applying the company''s accounting policies, management has made the following judgements, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements:

Classification of leases -

The Company enters into leasing arrangements for various assets. The classication of the leasing arrangement as a unance lease or operating lease is based on an assessment of several factors, including, but not limited to, transfer of

ownership of leased asset at end of lease term, lessee''s option to purchase and estimated certainty of exercise of such option, proportion of lease term to the asset''s economic life, proportion of present value of minimum lease payments to fair value of leased asset and extent of specialized nature of the leased asset.

Determining the lease term of contracts with renewal and termination options (Company as lessee)-

The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable term of the lease, together with any periods covered by an option to extend the lease if it is reasonably certain to be exercised, or any periods covered by an option to terminate the lease, if it is reasonably certain not to be exercised. The Company has several lease contracts that include extension and termination options. The Company applies judgement in evaluating whether it is reasonably certain whether or not to exercise the option to renew or terminate the lease. That is, it considers all relevant factors that create an economic incentive for it to exercise either the renewal or termination. After the commencement date, the Company reassesses the lease term if there is a signicant event or change in circumstances that is within its control and affects its ability to exercise or not to exercise the option to renew or to terminate e.g. construction of signicant leasehold improvements or signicant customisation to the leased asset).

Estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

Valuation of Investment in subsidiaries

Investments in subsidiaries are carried at cost. At each balance sheet date, the management assesses the indicators of impairment of such investments. This requires assessment of several external and internal factor including capitalisation rate, key assumption used in discounted cash flow models (such as revenue growth, unit price and discount rates) or sales comparison method which may affect the carrying value of investments in subsidiaries.

- Impairment of non-financial assets

Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The fair value less costs of disposal calculation is based on available data from binding sales transactions, conducted at arm''s length, for similar assets or observable market prices less incremental costs for disposing of the asset. The value in use calculation is based on a DCF model. The cash flows are derived from the budget for the next five years and do not include restructuring activities that the Company is not yet committed to or significant future investments that will enhance the asset''s performance of the CGU being tested. The recoverable amount is sensitive to the discount rate used for the DCF model as well as the expected future cash-inflows and the growth rate used for extrapolation purposes.

- Taxes

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the losses can be utilised. Significant management judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.

- Defined benefit plans (gratuity)

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan and the present value of the gratuity obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate, the management considers the interest rates of government bonds with term that correspond with the expected term of the defined benefit obligation.

The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables. Those mortality tables tend to change only at interval in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases and gratuity increases are based on expected future inflation rates.

Further details about gratuity are given in Note 30

- Fair value measurement of financial instruments

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the DCF model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments. Refer note 34 for further disclosures.

- Useful Lives of Property Plant and Equipment

The Company, based on technical assessment made by technical expert and management estimate, depreciates plant and machineries of piping division over estimated useful lives of 10 to 25 years which are different from the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

30 Gratuity and other post-employment benefit plans A. Defined benefit plans - general description

The Company has a defined gratuity benefit plan. Every employee who completes service of five years or more gets a gratuity of 15 days salary (last drawn salary) for each completed year of service. The obligation towards gratuity is being measured using projected credit line method. The Company has funded its gratuity liability.

The following tables summaries the components of net benefit expense recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss and the funded status and amounts recognised in the balance sheet for the plan (based on actuarial valuation):

**The Excise/ GST Authorities have raised demands on account of non payment of excise duty on certain goods. The Company is contesting these demands, which are pending at various appellate levels. Based on the advice from independent experts and the development on the appeals, the management is confident that the demands raised by Excise/GST Authorities is not tenable and accordingly no provision has been considered in the financial statements.

^AThe Company is of the view that it will be able to fulfil its underlying export obligations amounting to INR 4,871.11 lacs for the year ended March 31, 2024. Accordingly, no adjustment is required in the financial statements

d) The Company is currently involved in a legal dispute with Hyundai Merchant Marine India Private Limited (HMMIPL) relating to the import of raw materials in earlier years. The Company has raised claims of INR 127.89 lacs against HMMIPL and in response, HMMIPL has lodged counterclaims amounting to INR 178.49 lacs. Currently in ongoing litigation, the Company is confident in its legal position based on evaluations and advice, and believes that there will be no outflow of the company''s economic resources and accordingly no provision has been considered in the financial statements.

e) The Company had received a Demand notice from the Commissioner of Customs demanding payment of customs duty of INR 815.09 lacs and imposed penalty of INR 305.00 lacs. This demand was made due to alleged noncompliance with pre-import and physical export conditions related to raw materials imported in previous years. The Company has evaluated the demand raised by the authorities and has identified a potential exposure of '' 18.42 lacs where the pre-import conditions were not complied with and accordingly liability for this amount has been considered in the financial statements. Based on the advice from independent experts, the management is confident that the demands raised by Custom Authorities is not tenable and the Company is in the process of filing an appeal before the higher authorities.

f) On May 19, 2023, the Enforcement Directorate issued a notice in accordance with FEMA regulations, requesting specific information related to the Company''s operations and financial transactions. The Company duly furnished the required information to the relevant authority on August 25, 2023, ensuring compliance with FEMA regulations.

g) The Customs Authorities have issued a demand for antidumping duty regarding imports of seamless carbon steel pipes in earlier years. The notice requires payment of the necessary antidumping duty amounting to '' 72.43 lacs. Based on expert advice, the Company has made provision of '' 38.15 lacs for potential exposure, and the remaining demanded duty balance of '' 34.28 lacs is not payable as the goods were imported under an advance authorization.

C. Guarantees

The Company has given corporate guarantee for loans taken by subsidiary companies, to the extent loan amount outstanding as on balance sheet date. The carrying amounts of the related financial guarantee contracts were '' 6,029.22 lacs at 31 March 2024 and '' 6,921.10 lacs at 31 March 2023 respectively.

33 Segment information

On the basis of nature of businesses, the company has two reportable segments, as follows:

- The piping segment which is mainly engaged in manufacturing of pre-fabricated engineering products, pipe fittings, piping systems.

- The power segment, which is engaged in biomass based power generation

No operating segments have been aggregated to form the above reportable operating segments.

The Executive Management Committee monitors the operating results of its business units separately for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on profit or loss and is measured consistently with profit or loss in the standalone financial statements.

Transfer prices between operating segments are on an arm''s length basis in a manner similar to transactions with third parties.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values:

a. Term deposits- The fair value of term deposits is equal to carrying value since they are carrying market interest rates as per the banks.

b. Foreign exchange forward contracts- Foreign exchange forward contracts are valued using valuation techniques, which employs the use of market observable inputs. The most frequently applied valuation techniques include forward pricing.

c. Non-current borrowings - The fair value of non-current borrowings is estimated by discounting future cash flows using rates currently available for debt on similar terms, credit risk and remaining maturities. The carrying value and fair value of the borrowings has been considered the same since the existing interest rate approximates its fair value.

d. Others- For other financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value, the carrying amounts are equal to the fair values.

35 Fair value hierarchy

This section explains the judgements and estimates made in determining the fair values of the financial instruments that are:

(a) recognised and measured at fair value and

(b) measured at amortised cost and for which fair values are disclosed in the financial statements.

To provide an indication about the reliability of the inputs used in determining fair value, the Company has classified its financial instruments into the three levels prescribed under the accounting standard. An explanation of each level follows underneath the table.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

The following table provides the fair value measurement hierarchy of the Company''s assets and liabilities.

The Company''s principal financial liabilities comprise borrowings, trade and other payables. The main purpose of these financial liabilities is to finance the Company''s operations. The Company''s principal financial assets include security deposits given, loan to related party, employee advances, trade and other receivables, cash and cash equivalents and other assets.

The Company is exposed to market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company''s senior management oversees the management of these risks. All derivative activities for risk management purposes are carried out by specialist teams that have the appropriate skills, experience and supervision. It is the Company''s policy that no trading in derivatives for speculative purposes may be undertaken. The Board of Directors reviews and agrees policies for managing each of these risks, which are summarised below.

Market risk

Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risk comprises interest rate risk and currency risk. Financial instruments affected by market risk include borrowings and foreign exchange forward contracts.

The sensitivity analysis in the following sections relate to the position as at 31 March 2024 and 31 March 2023.

The sensitivity analysis has been prepared on the basis that the amount of net debt, the ratio of floating to fixed interest rates of the debt and the proportion of financial instruments in foreign currencies are all constant in place at 31 March 2024.

The analysis exclude the impact of movements in market variables on: the carrying values of gratuity and other postretirement obligations and provisions.

The following assumptions have been made in calculating the sensitivity analysis:

The sensitivity of the relevant profit or loss item is the effect of the assumed changes in respective market risks. This is based on the financial assets and financial liabilities held at 31 March 2024 and 31 March 2023.

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Company''s exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates primarily to the Company''s obligations with floating interest rates.

Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk that counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract, leading to a financial loss. The Company is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities including trade receivables, deposits with banks and financial institutions, foreign exchange transactions and other financial instruments.

Trade receivables

Trade receivables do not have any significant potential credit risk for the Company as the business of the Company is majorly cash based. An impairment analysis is performed by the management at each reporting date on an individual basis for major clients.

Financial instruments and cash deposits

Credit risk from balances with banks is managed by the Company''s treasury department in accordance with the Company''s policy. Investments of surplus funds are made only with approved counterparties and within credit limits assigned to each counterparty. Counterparty credit limits are reviewed by the key management personnel on an annual basis and may be updated throughout the year. The limits are set to minimise the concentration of risks and therefore mitigate financial loss through counterparty''s potential failure to make payments.

The Company''s maximum exposure to credit risk for the components of the balance sheet at 31 March 2024 and 31 March 2023 is the carrying amounts as illustrated in note 6(C).

Excessive risk concentration

Concentrations arise when a number of counterparties are engaged in similar business activities, or have economic features that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly affected by changes in economic or other conditions. Concentrations indicate the relative sensitivity of the company''s performance to developments affecting a particular industry. In order to avoid excessive concentrations of risk, the Company''s policies and procedures include specific guidelines to focus on the maintenance of a diversified portfolio. Identified concentrations of credit risks are controlled and managed accordingly.

Liquidity risk

The Company''s objective is to maintain a balance between continuity of funding and flexibility through the use of cash credits and bank loans. Approximately 29% of the Company''s long-term borrowings will mature in less than one year from/ as at at 31 March 2024 (31 March 2023: 28%) based on the carrying value of borrowings reflected in the financial statements. The Company assessed the concentration of risk with respect to refinancing its debt and concluded it to be low. The Company has access to a sufficient variety of sources of funding and debt maturing within 12 months can be rolled over with existing lenders.

For the purpose of the Company''s capital management, capital includes issued equity share capital and all other equity reserves attributable to the shareholders of the Company. The primary objective of the Company''s capital management is to maximise the shareholder value.

The Company manages its capital structure and makes adjustments i