Accounting Policies of The Ramco Cements Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2025

1. Corporate Information

The Ramco Cements Limited (“the Company”) is a Public Limited Company within the meaning of the Companies Act, 2013, domiciled and headquartered in India. The Registered office of the Company is located at “Ramamandiram” Rajapalayam - 626 117 Tamil Nadu. The Company’s shares are listed in BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited.

The Company is engaged in the manufacture of Cement & Construction Chemicals. The Company caters mainly to the domestic markets. The Company also sells cement to Maldives and Myanmar through direct and merchant exports.

2. Presentation & rounding norms

The financial statements of the Company for the year were approved and adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company in their meeting dated 22-05-2025.

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is the company’s functional currency, rounded to the nearest crores with two decimals. The amount below the round off norm adopted by the company is denoted as Rs. 0.00 Crores.

Previous year figures have been re-grouped / restated wherever it may be appropriate.

3. Statement of Compliance

The financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015, as amended from time to time, presentation requirements of Division II of Ind AS compliant Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013 and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India, wherever applicable.

4. New standard or amendments to the existing accounting standards issued and effective from 01-04-2024 onwards

(a) Ind AS 117 on Insurance contracts

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has notified Ind AS 117 - Insurance Contracts, replacing Ind AS 104, effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1^st April 2024. The standard applies to insurance contracts and certain financial instruments that transfer significant insurance risk. Ind AS 117 specifically excludes financial

guarantee contracts unless the issuer has previously asserted that such contracts are treated as insurance contracts and has applied insurance accounting. In such cases, the issuer is permitted to make an irrevocable election, on a contract-by-contract basis, to apply either Ind AS 117 or the relevant financial instruments standards viz. Ind AS 32, Ind AS 107, and Ind AS 109.

The Company does not issue insurance contracts in the ordinary course of business and has not previously treated any financial guarantee contracts as insurance contracts. Accordingly, financial guarantee contracts continue to be accounted for under Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments.

As a result, the adoption of Ind AS 117 has no impact on the financial statements for the year ended 31^st March 2025.

(b) Ind AS 116: Sale and leaseback transaction amendments

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Second Amendment Rules, 2024, which introduced amendments to Ind AS 116 - Leases, effective from 1^st April 2024. These amendments specifically address the accounting for sale and leaseback transactions involving variable lease payments not based on an index or rate.

The amendment introduces paragraph 102A, which provides guidance on the subsequent accounting for lease liabilities and Right-of-Use (ROU) assets arising from such transactions. However, as the company does not currently have any sale and leaseback transactions, this amendment does not have any impact on the company’s financial statements for the year ended 31^st March 2025.

5. Material Accounting Policies

5.1 Inventories

5.1.1 Raw materials, Stores and Spares, Fuels, Packing materials etc., are valued at cost, determined on a weighted average basis, and net realisable value whichever is lower. However, these items are considered to be realisable at cost, if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost.

5.1.2 Process stock is valued at weighted average cost including the cost of conversion with systematic allocation of production overheads based on normal capacity of production facilities but excluding borrowing cost, and net realisable value whichever is lower.

5.1.3 Finished goods are valued at weighted average cost and net realisable value, whichever is lower.

5.2 Statement of Cash Flows

5.2.1 Cash flows from operating activities are presented using Indirect Method.

5.2.2 Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of Statement of Cash Flows comprise cash and cheques in hand, bank balances, demand deposits with banks where the original maturity is three months or less and other short-term highly liquid investments, which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

5.2.3 Bank overdrafts / Cash Credit, which are repayable on demand, form an Integral part of the Company’s cash management.

5.3 Income Taxes

5.3.1 Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted at the reporting date.

5.3.2 Current tax assets and liabilities are offset, when the Company has legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and intends to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.

5.3.3 Deferred tax is recognised using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting at the reporting date.

5.3.4 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year where the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that

have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

5.3.5 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing tax laws and the Company has legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities.

5.3.6 Both current tax and deferred tax relating to items recognised outside the Profit or Loss is recognised in Other Comprehensive Income.

5.4 Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE)

5.4.1. PPEs are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses if any, except freehold land, which is carried at cost. The cost includes directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use and borrowing cost, if capitalisation criteria are met.

5.4.2 Spares, which meet the definition of PPE, are capitalised from the date when it is available for use. The company identifies the significant parts of plant and equipment separately, which are required to be replaced at intervals. Such parts are depreciated separately based on their specific useful lives.

5.4.3 The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of PPE after its use, if materially significant, is included in the cost of the respective asset when the recognition criteria are met.

5.4.4 Capital Expenditure on tangible assets for research and development is classified as PPE and is depreciated based on the estimated useful life. Other expenditure incurred for research and development are expensed under the respective heads of accounts in the year in which it is incurred.

5.4.5 The Company follows the useful lives of the significant parts of certain class of PPE on best estimate basis upon technical advice, as detailed below:
Asset type	Useful life in years as per part C of Schedule II of Companies Act, 2013	Useful life of significant parts estimated by the Company
Buildings	3 to 60 years	3 to 60 years
Plant & equipments
- Cement	25 years	2 to 60 years
- Ready mix concrete	25 years	10 to 25 years

Asset type	Useful life in years as per part C of Schedule II of Companies Act, 2013	Useful life of significant parts estimated by the Company
- Construction Chemicals Plant	25 years	2 to 50 years
- Thermal power plants	40 years	3 to 60 years
- Windmills	22 years	5 to 30 years
Railway siding	15 years	10 to 15 years
Workshop & Quarry equipments	25 years	3 to 30 years
R & D equipments	25 years	2 to 25 years
Furniture & Fittings	8 to 10 years	3 to 10 years
Office equipments	3 to 5 years	3 to 13 years
Vehicles
- Vehicles other than motor cars	8 to 10 years	8 to 10 years
used by employees as per company’s policy
- Motor cars used by employees as	8 to 10 years	6 to 7 years
per company’s policy

5.4.6 PPE acquired in full or part exchange for another asset are recorded at the fair market value or the net book value of the asset given up, adjusted for any balance transaction amount. Fair market value is determined either for the assets acquired or for asset given up, whichever is more clearly evident.

5.4.7 Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an asset over its useful life on a straight-line method. The depreciable amount for assets is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less 5% being its residual value, except for process control systems whose residual value is considered as Nil.

5.4.8 Depreciation for PPE on additions is calculated on pro-rata basis from the date of such additions. For deletion/disposals, the depreciation is calculated on pro-rata basis up to the date on which such assets have been discarded / sold.

5.4.9 The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

Capital work-in-progress / Capital Advances

5.4.10 Capital work-in-progress includes cost of property, plant and equipment under installation, under development including related expenses and attributable interest as at the reporting date.

5.4.11 Advances given towards acquisition / construction of PPE outstanding at the reporting date are disclosed as ‘Capital Advances’ under ‘Other Non-Current Assets’.

5.5 Leases

Company as a Lessee

5.5.1 The company recognises a right-of-use asset (RoU) and a lease liability at the lease commencement date for all leases whose non-cancellable lease term is more than 12 months.

5.5.2 The RoU is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term, as follows:

Nature of RoU Useful life ranging from

Land 16 to 97 years

Building 9 to 27 years

5.5.3 The estimated useful lives of right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those of property, plant and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain re-measurements of the lease liability.

5.5.4 The lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is

a change in the company’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option.

5.5.5 When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset, or is recorded in the Statement of Profit or Loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.

5.5.6 The Company presents right-of-use assets that do not meet the definition of investment property in ‘Property, Plant and Equipment’ and Lease liabilities as a separate line item on the face of the Balance sheet.

5.5.7 The Company has opted not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less. The company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Company as a Lessor

5.5.8 Operating lease receipts are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on straight-line basis over the lease terms except where the payments are structured to increase in line with the general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases.

5.6 Revenue from Operations

5.6.1 Sale of Products including Scrap Sales

Revenue from product sales including scrap sales is recognised at the point in time when the obligation of delivery of goods is fulfilled in accordance with the agreed delivery terms while control of such goods is transferred to customers. The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods to the customer. The Company provides discounts to customers on the achievement of the performance criteria based on agreed terms and conditions. There is no significant financing component with regard to sale of products for the company as per Ind AS 115.

5.6.2 Power generated from Windmills

Power generated from windmills that are covered under wheeling & banking arrangement with TANGEDCO are consumed at factories. The monetary values of such power generated that are captively consumed are not recognised as revenue.

Power generated from windmills that are covered under power purchase agreement with TANGEDCO are recognised at the rate fixed by respective State Electricity Regulatory Commissions, upon transmission of energy to the grids of the State Electricity Board and the same is classified as “Sale of power generated from windmills.

5.6.3 Contract assets

Unbilled revenue are contract assets which are recognised under Other Financial assets when the performance obligation is satisfied. When the company has the unconditional right to receive consideration for satisfaction of performance obligation based on the agreed credit terms, it is recognised as trade receivables.

5.6.4 Contract liabilities

Advance from customers are contract liabilities which are recognised under other current liabilities when the customer pays consideration before satisfaction of performance obligation.

Credit balance with customers are contract liabilities which are recognised under other current liabilities either when the customer pays excess consideration over the required amount for satisfaction of performance obligation and / or unadjusted accumulation of discounts and rebates.

In both the occurrences, contract liabilities are adjusted against supply of goods in the subsequent period and revenue is recognised in the period when performance obligation is satisfied.

5.7 Other Income

5.71 I nterest income is recognised using the Effective

Interest Rate (EIR) method. EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period where

appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability.

5.72 Dividend income is recognised when the Company’s right to receive dividend is established.

5.73 Rental income from operating lease on investment properties is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease.

5.8 Employee Benefits

Short term employee benefits

5.8.1 Short-term employee benefits viz., Salaries and Wages are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the related service is rendered.

Post-employment benefits

Defined Contribution Plan

5.8.2 The Company contributes monthly to Employees’ Provident Fund & Employees’ Pension Fund administered by the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation, Government of India, at 12% of employee’s basic salary.

5.8.3 The Company contributes to National Pension System (NPS) at a sum equivalent to 10% of the officer’s eligible basic salary as the case may be, based on the option exercised by such officers.

5.8.4 Contributions to Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund, and National Pension System (NPS) are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the employees have rendered services. There are no further obligations except for the above said contributions.

Defined Benefit Plan

5.8.5 The Company contributes to Defined Benefit Plan viz., an approved Gratuity Fund, for its employees including employees in subsidiary company. It is in the form of lump sum payments to vested employees on resignation, retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment, for an amount equivalent to 15 days’ basic salary for each completed year of service. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of continuous service.

Based on the valuation by an independent external actuary, the Company makes annual contributions to the trust administered by the company as at the reporting date using Projected Unit Credit method. The funds are managed by LIC of India.

5.8.6 Remeasurement of net defined benefit asset / liability comprising of actuarial gains or losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged / credited to other comprehensive income in the period in which they arise and immediately transferred to retained earnings. Other costs are accounted in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Other long term employee benefits

5.8.7 The Company provides for expenses towards compensated absences provided to its employees. The expense is recognised at the present value of the amount payable determined based on an independent external actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date, using Projected Unit Credit method. The Company presents the entire compensated absences as ‘Short-term provisions’ since employee has an unconditional right to avail the leave at any time during the year.

5.9 Government Grants

5.9.1 Government grants are recognised at fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all the attached conditions are complied with.

5.9.2 I n case of revenue related grant, the income is recognised on a systematic basis over the period for which it is intended to compensate an expense and is disclosed under “Other operating revenue” or netted off against corresponding expenses wherever appropriate. Receivables of such grants are shown under “Other Financial Assets” Export benefits are accounted for in the year of exports based on eligibility and when there is no uncertainty in receiving the same. Receivables of such benefits are shown under “Other Financial Assets.

5.9.3 The soft loan from government is recognised and measured in accordance with Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments. The benefit of soft loan from government at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant and classified as

“Deferred Grant’.’ It is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan determined in accordance with Ind AS 109, and the proceeds received’ The said deferred grant is amortised over the useful life of the underlying asset’

5.10 Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

5.10.1 The carrying amount of assets i.e property, plant and equipment including right-of-use asset, investment properties, cash generating units and intangible assets other than inventories & deferred tax assets, are reviewed for impairment at each reporting date, if there is any indication of impairment based on internal and external factors.

5.10.2 Non-financial assets are treated as impaired when the carrying amount of such asset exceeds its recoverable value. After recognition of impairment loss, the depreciation for the said assets is provided for remaining useful life based on the revised carrying amount, less its residual value if any, on straight-line basis.

5.11 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent

Assets

5.11.1 Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.

5.11.2 Provisions are discounted if the effect of the time value of money is material, using pre-tax rates that reflects the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, an increase in the provisions due to the passage of time is recognised as finance cost. These provisions are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

5.11.3 The Company provides for the estimated expenses at fair value that are required to restore mines. The estimated restoration expenses are determined based on the estimated mineral reserves available. The actual expenses may vary based on the nature of restoration and estimate of restoration expenses. Mines restoration expenses are incurred on an on-going basis until the

closure of mines. The total estimate of restoration expenses is reviewed periodically, on the basis of technical estimates and expected timing of these costs. The provision for this expense is included under “Cost of materials consumed” to the extent, such mineral reserves were used in the production. The unwinding of the discount on provision is shown as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

5.11.4 I nsurance claims are accounted on the basis of claims admitted or expected to be admitted and to the extent that the amount recoverable can be measured reliably and it is reasonable to expect ultimate collection. Any subsequent change in the recoverability is provided for. Contingent Assets are not recognised.

5.11.5 Contingent liability is a possible obligation that may arise from past events and its existence will be confirmed only by occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and the same are not recognised but disclosed in the financial statements.

5.12 Intangible Assets

5.12.1 The costs incurred in connection with securing right to extract mineral reserves are capitalised under “Mining Rights” and the costs of stripping overburden to gain access to limestone deposits and the present value of restoration liability, if materially significant, to the extent of exposed overburden area are capitalised under “Mine Development”.

5.12.2 The costs of computer software acquired and its subsequent improvements are capitalised. Internally generated software is not capitalised and the expenditure is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

5.12.3 The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite. Intangible Assets with finite lives are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses if any and are amortised over their estimated useful life based

on straight-line method. The Company does not have any intangible assets with indefinite lives. The estimated useful lives of intangible assets with finite lives are assessed by the internal technical team as detailed below:

Nature of Intangible assets	Estimated useful life
Mining rights	Over the mining lease period from 7 to 50 years
Mine Development	Unit of production method
Computer software	6 to 10 years

5.12.4 The intangible assets that are under development phase are carried at cost including related expenses and attributable interest, and are recognised as Intangible assets under development.

5.12.5 The residual values, useful lives and methods of amortisation of intangible asset are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

.13 Investment Properties

5.13.1 An investment in land or buildings both furnished and unfurnished, which are held for earning rentals or capital appreciation or both rather than for use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes or sale in the ordinary course of business, are classified as investment properties.

5.13.2 Investment properties are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any, except freehold land, which is carried at cost.

5.13.3 The company identifies the significant parts of investment properties separately, which are required to be replaced at intervals. Such parts are depreciated separately based on their specific useful lives determined on best estimate basis upon technical advice.

5.13.4 Depreciation on investment properties are calculated on straight-line method based on useful lives of the significant parts on best estimate basis upon technical advice, as detailed below:

Asset type	Useful life in years as per part C of Schedule II of Companies Act, 2013	Useful life of significant parts estimated by the Company
Buildings	3 to 60 years	3 to 60 years

5.13.5 The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of investment properties are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

5.14 Financial Instruments

5.14.1 The Company initially determines the classification of financial assets and liabilities. After initial recognition, no re-classification is made for financial assets, which are categorised as equity instruments at FVTOCI, and financial assets / liabilities that are specifically designated as FVTPL. However, other financial assets are re-classifiable when there is a change in the business model of the Company.

Financial Assets

5.14.2 Financial assets comprise of investments in equity and mutual funds, loans, trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents and other financial assets.

Initial recognition and measurement

5.14.3 All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. However, Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component are measured at transaction price.

5.14.4 Where the fair value of a financial asset at initial recognition is different from its transaction price, the difference between the fair value and the transaction price is recognised as a gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss at initial recognition if the fair value is determined through

a quoted market price in an active market for an identical asset (i.e. level 1 input) or through a valuation technique that uses data from observable markets (i.e. level 2 input).

5.14.5 I n case the fair value is not determined using a level 1 or level 2 input as mentioned above, the difference between the fair value and transaction price is deferred appropriately and recognised as a gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss only to the extent that such gain or loss arises due to a change in factor that market participants take into account when pricing the financial asset.

Subsequent measurement

5.14.6 For subsequent measurement, the Company classifies a financial asset in accordance with the below criteria:

(a) The Company’s business model for managing the financial asset and,

(b) The contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset:

Based on the above criteria, the Company classifies its financial assets into the following categories:
Classification	Name of Financial Assets
Amortised cost	Trade receivables, Loans to subsidiaries, associates, employees and related parties, deposits, I PA receivable, interest receivable, unbilled revenue and other advances recoverable in cash.
FVTOCI	Equity investments in companies (including compound financial instrument, which qualify as equity under Ind AS 32) other than Subsidiary & Associate as an irrevocable option exercised at the time of initial recognition.
FVTPL	Investments in mutual funds & forward exchange contracts.

5.14.7 Financial assets are measured at FVTPL except for those financial assets whose contractual

terms give rise to cash flows on specified dates that represents solely payments of principal and interest thereon, are measured as detailed below depending on the business model:

Classification	Business Model
Amortised cost	The objective of the Company is to hold and collect the contractual cash flows till maturity. In other words, the Company does not intend to sell the instrument before its contractual maturity to realise its fair value changes.
FVTOCI	The objective of the Company is to collect its contractual cash flows and selling financial assets.

5.14.8 The Company has accounted for its investments in subsidiaries and associates at cost.

5.14.9 For impairment purposes, significant financial assets are tested on individual basis at each reporting date. Other financial assets are assessed collectively in groups that share similar credit risk characteristics. Accordingly, the impairment testing is done on the following basis:

Name of	Impairment testing
Financial asset	methodology
Trade	The Company uses simplified
receivables	approach wherein Expected Credit Loss model (ECL) is applied. The ECL over lifetime of the assets are estimated by using a provision matrix which is based on historical loss rates reflecting current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions which are grouped on the basis of similar credit characteristics such as nature of industry, customer segment, past due status and other factors that are relevant to estimate the expected cash loss from these assets.

Name of	Impairment testing
Financial asset	methodology
Other Financial	When the credit risk has not
assets	increased significantly, 12 month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. When there is significant change in credit risk since initial recognition, the impairment is measured based on probability of default over the lifetime. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12 month ECL.

Financial Liabilities

5.14.10 Financial liabilities comprise of Borrowings, Trade payables, Lease Liabilities and other financial liabilities.

Initial recognition and measurement:

5.14.11 All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value minus, in the case of financial liabilities not recorded at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial liability.

5.14.12 Where the fair value of a financial liability at initial recognition is different from its transaction price, the difference between the fair value and the transaction price is recognised as a gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss at initial recognition if the fair value is determined through a quoted market price in an active market for an identical asset (i.e. level 1 input) or through a valuation technique that uses data from observable markets (i.e. level 2 input).

5.14.13 I n case the fair value is not determined using a level 1 or level 2 input as mentioned above, the difference between the fair value and transaction price is deferred appropriately and recognised as a gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss only to the extent that such gain or loss arises due

to a change in factor that market participants take into account when pricing the financial liability.

Subsequent measurement

5.14.14 All financial liabilities of the Company are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method except for certain items like foreign exchange forward contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting are measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).

5.14.15 Transaction cost of financial guarantee contracts that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee are recognised initially as a liability at fair value. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognised less cumulative Amortisation.

5.15 Fair value measurement

5.15.1 The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that the market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that the market participants act in the economic best interest.

5.15.2 All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured and disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole. The fair value hierarchy is described as below:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

5.15.3 For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the Balance sheet on a recurring basis, the company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing

categorisation at the end of each reporting period (i.e) based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole.

5.15.4 For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the company has determined the classes of assets and liabilities based on the nature, characteristics and risks of the assets or liabilities and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

5.16 Exceptional Items

When items of income or expense, which in the view of management are of such size, nature, or incidence that their separate disclosure is necessary to explain the performance of the Company for the year, the Company presents these items separately as ‘Exceptional Items’ in the Statement of Profit and Loss. This presentation intends to distinguish between regular operating results and significant one-time events.

6. Significant Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Actual results could vary from these estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an on-going basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision or future periods, if the revision affects both current and future years.

Accordingly, the management has applied the following estimates / assumptions / judgments in preparation and presentation of financial statements:

Current Taxes

Calculations of income taxes for the current period are done based on applicable tax laws under new tax regime and management’s judgment by evaluating positions taken in tax returns and interpretations of relevant provisions of law and applicable judicial precedents.

Deferred Tax Asset

Significant management judgment is exercised by reviewing the deferred tax assets at each reporting date to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can

be retained / recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Intangible Assets and Investment Properties

The residual values and estimated useful lives of PPE, Intangible Assets and Investment Properties are assessed by the technical team at each reporting date by taking into account the nature of asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating condition of the asset, past history of replacement and maintenance support. Upon review, the management accepts the assigned useful life and residual value for computation of depreciation/amortisation. Also, Management judgment is exercised in classifying the asset as investment property or PPE, based on the intended use of the asset.

Revenue Recognition

Significant management judgment is exercised in determining the transaction price and discounts to customer, which is based on market factors namely demand and supply. The Company offers credit period to customers for which there is no financing component.

Defined Benefit Plans and Other long term benefits

The cost of the defined benefit plan and other long-term benefits, and the present value of such obligation are determined by the independent actuarial valuer. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in future. Management believes that the assumptions used by the actuary in determination of the discount rate, future salary increases, mortality rates and attrition rates are reasonable. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, this obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

Determination of lease term of contracts as noncancellable term

Significant management judgment is exercised in determining the lease term as non-cancellable term of the lease, together with any periods covered by an option to extend the lease if it is reasonably certain to be exercised, or any periods covered by an option to terminate the lease, if it is reasonably certain not to be exercised, by considering all relevant factors that create an economic incentive for it to exercise either the renewal or termination.

Impairment of Non-financial assets (PPE/Intangible Assets/Investment Properties)

The impairment of non-financial assets is determined based on estimation of recoverable amount of such assets. The assumptions used in computing the recoverable amount are based on management judgment considering the timing of future cash flows, discount rates and the risks specific to the asset.

Supplier financing arrangements

With respect to supplier financing arrangements, the Company has exercised management judgment in determining the presentation of liabilities as part of trade payables, its related cash flows and the information for disclosure in the notes, since it is part of working capital used in the company’s normal operating cycle considering its similar nature, function, payment terms and nature of security offered for such liabilities.

Provisions

The timing of recognition requires application of judgment to existing facts and circumstances that may be subject to change. The litigations and claims to which the company is exposed are assessed by the management and in certain cases with the support of external experts. The amounts are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects the current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability.

Mines Restoration Expenditure

In determining the provision for Mines restoration expenditure, assumptions and estimates are made by the management, in relation to discount rates, the expected mineral reserves, estimated cost to restore the mines and the expected timing of those costs.

Contingent Liabilities

Management judgment is exercised for estimating the possible outflow of resources, if any, in respect of contingencies / claims / litigations against the Company

as it is not possible to predict the outcome of pending matters with accuracy.

Mine Development

In determining the allocation of mine development cost based on the unit of production method, assumptions and estimates are made by the management, in relation to the estimated mineral reserves available for the remaining period.

Fair value measurement of financial instruments

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities could not be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, management uses valuation techniques including the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model, to determine its fair value. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets wherever possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgment is exercised in establishing fair values. Judgments include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility.

Impairment of Trade receivables

The impairment for trade receivables are done based on assumptions about risk of default and expected loss rates. The assumptions, selection of inputs for calculation of impairment are based on management judgment considering the past history, market conditions and forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting date.

Impairment of Investments in Subsidiaries / Associates

Significant management judgment is exercised in

determining whether the investment in subsidiaries / associates are impaired or not is on the basis of its nature of long term strategic investments and business projections.

Interests in other entities

Significant management judgment is exercised in

determining the interests in other entities. The management believes that wherever there is a significant influence over certain companies belonging to its group, such companies are treated as Associate companies even though it holds less than 20% of the voting rights.

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Mar 31, 2024

1. Corporate Information

The Ramco Cements Limited (“the Company”) is a Public Limited company domiciled and headquartered in India and incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act 1956. The Registered office of the Company is located at “Ramamandiram”, Rajapalayam - 626 117, Tamilnadu. The Company’s shares are listed in BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited.

The Company is engaged in manufacture of Cement, Ready Mix Concrete and Dry Mortar products. The Company caters mainly to the domestic markets. The Company also sold cement to Maldives and Myanmar through direct and merchant exports.

2. Presentation & rounding norms

The financial statements of the Company for the year were approved and adopted by Board of Directors of the Company in their meeting dated 22-05-2024.

The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is the company’s functional currency, rounded to the nearest crores with two decimals. The amount below the round off norm adopted by the company is denoted as Rs. 0.00 Crores.

Previous year figures have been re-grouped / restated wherever it may be appropriate.

3. Statement of Compliance

The financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015, as amended from time to time, presentation requirements of Division II of Ind AS compliant Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013 and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India, wherever applicable.

4. Amendments to the existing accounting standards issued and effective from 01-04-2023 onwards

The details of amendment to the existing standards that are relevant to the Company with effect from 01-04-2023 are given below:

The amendment to Ind AS 1 on ‘Presentation of financial statements’ stipulates that the entity shall

disclose material accounting policy information rather than significant accounting policies. Accounting policy information is considered material when accounting policy is related to a material transaction, event, or condition and involves either a change in accounting policy or one or more permissible accounting policy choices or accounting policy development in the absence of specific standard, or significant judgment or assumptions involved in applying such policy, or complexity of accounting requiring one or more application of Ind AS.

Accordingly, the company has revised its accounting policy disclosures (Refer Note No.5) by specifically providing only material accounting policies ensuring no obscuring information. The above amendment has no financial effect on company.

5. Material Accounting Policies

5.1 Inventories

5.1.1 Raw-materials, Stores & Spares, Fuel, Packing materials etc., are valued at cost, determined on a weighted average basis, or net realisable value whichever is lower. However, these items are considered to be realisable at cost, if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost.

5.1.2 Process stock is valued at weighted average cost including the cost of conversion with systematic allocation of production overheads based on normal capacity of production facilities but excluding borrowing cost, or net realisable value whichever is lower.

5.1.3 Finished goods are valued at weighted average cost or net realisable value whichever is lower.

5.2 Statement of Cash Flows

5.2.1 Cash flows from operating activities is presented using Indirect Method.

5.2.2 Cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of Statement of Cash Flows comprise cash and cheques in hand, bank balances, demand deposits with banks where the original maturity is three months or less and other short-term highly liquid investments, which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

5.2.3 Bank overdrafts / Cash Credit, which are repayable on demand, form an Integral part of the Company’s cash management.

5.3 Income Taxes

5.3.1 Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted at the reporting date.

5.3.2 Current tax assets and liabilities are offset, when the Company has legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and intends to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.

5.3.3 Deferred tax is recognised using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting at the reporting date.

5.3.4 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year where the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

5.3.5 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by same governing tax laws and the Company has legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities.

5.3.6 Both current tax and deferred tax relating to items recognised outside the Profit or Loss is recognised in Other Comprehensive Income.

5.4 Property, plant and equipments (PPE)

5.4.1. PPEs are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses if any, except freehold land, which is carried at cost. The cost include directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use and borrowing cost if capitalisation criteria are met.

5.4.2 Spares, which meet the definition of PPE, are capitalised from the date when it is available for use. The company identifies the significant parts of plant and equipment separately, which are required to be replaced at intervals. Such parts are depreciated separately based on their specific useful lives.

5.4.3 The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of PPE after its use, if materially significant, is included in the cost of the respective asset when the recognition criteria are met.

5.4.4 Capital Expenditure on tangible assets for research and development is classified as PPE and is depreciated based on the estimated useful life. Other expenditure incurred for research and development are expensed under the respective heads of accounts in the year in which it is incurred.

5.4.5 The Company follows the useful lives of the significant parts of certain class of PPE on best estimate basis upon technical advice, as detailed below:

Asset type	Useful life in years as per part C of Schedule II of Companies Act, 2013	Useful life of significant parts estimated by the Company
Buildings	3 to 60 years	3 to 60 years
Plant & equipments
- Cement	25 years	2 to 60 years
- Ready mix concrete	25 years	10 to 25 years
- Dry mortar products	25 years	5 to 25 years
- Thermal power plants	40 years	5 to 60 years
- Windmills	22 years	5 to 30 years
Railway siding	15 years	15 years
Workshop & Quarry equipments	25 years	8 to 25 years
R & D equipments	25 years	2 to 25 years

Asset type	Useful life in years as per part C of Schedule II of Companies Act, 2013	Useful life of significant parts estimated by the Company
Furniture & Fixtures	8 to 10 years	8 to 10 years
Office equipments	3 to 5 years	3 to 5 years
Vehicles
- Vehicles other than motor cars used by employees as per company’s policy	8 to 10 years	8 to 10 years
- Motor cars used by employees as per company’s policy	8 to 10 years	6 to 7 years

5.4.6 PPE acquired in full or part exchange for another asset are recorded at the fair market value or the net book value of the asset given up, adjusted for any balance transaction amount. Fair market value is determined either for the assets acquired or for asset given up, whichever is more clearly evident.

5.4.7 Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an asset over its useful life on a straight-line method. The depreciable amount for assets is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less 5% being its residual value, except for process control systems whose residual value is considered as Nil.

5.4.8 Depreciation for PPE on additions is calculated on pro-rata basis from the date of such additions. For deletion / disposals, the depreciation is calculated on pro-rata basis up to the date on which such assets have been discarded / sold.

5.4.9 The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

Capital Work in progress / Capital Advances

5.4.10 Capital work in progress includes cost of property, plant and equipment under installation, under development including related expenses and attributable interest as at the reporting date.

5.4.11 Advances given towards acquisition / construction of PPE outstanding at the reporting date are disclosed as ‘Capital Advances’ under ‘Other Non-Current Assets’.

5.5 Leases

Company as a Lessee

5.5.1 The company recognises a right-of-use asset (RoU) and a lease liability at the lease commencement date for all leases whose non-cancellable leases is more than 12 months.

5.5.2 The RoU is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term, as follows:

Nature of RoU	Useful life ranging from
Land	16 to 97 years
Building	27 years

5.5.3 The estimated useful lives of right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those of property, plant and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain re-measurements of the lease liability.

5.5.4 The lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the company’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option.

5.5.5 When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the

carrying amount of the right-of-use asset, or is recorded in the Statement of Profit or Loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.

5.5.6 The Company presents right-of-use assets that do not meet the definition of investment property in ‘Property, Plant and Equipment’ and Lease liabilities as a separate line item on face of the Balance sheet.

5.5.7 The Company has opted not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less. The company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Company as a Lessor

5.5.8 Operating lease receipts are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on straight-line basis over the lease terms except where the payments are structured to increase in line with the general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases.

5.6 Revenue from Operations

5.6.1 Sale of Products including Scrap Sales

Revenue from product sales including scrap sales is recognized at the point in time when the obligation of delivery of goods is fulfilled in accordance with the agreed delivery terms while control of such goods is transferred to customers. The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods to the customer. The Company provides discounts to customers on the achievement of the performance criteria based on agreed terms and conditions. There is no significant financing component with regard to sale of products for the company as per Ind AS 115.

5.6.2 Power generated from Windmills

Power generated from windmills that are covered under power purchase agreement with TANGEDCO and third parties are recognised at the rate fixed by respective State Electricity Regulatory Commissions, and rate agreed with such counter parties, respectively, upon transmission of energy to the grids of the State Electricity Board and the same is classified as “Sale of power generated from windmills”.

Power generated from windmills that are covered under wheeling & banking arrangement with TANGEDCO are consumed at factories. The monetary values of such power generated that are captively consumed are not recognised as revenue.

5.6.3 Contract assets

Unbilled revenue are contract assets which are recognised under Other Financial assets when the performance obligation is satisfied. When the company has the unconditional right to receive consideration for satisfaction of performance obligation based on the agreed credit terms, it is recognised as trade receivables.

5.6.4 Contract liabilities

Advance from customers are contract liabilities which are recognised under other current liabilities when the customer pays consideration before satisfaction of performance obligation.

Credit balance with customers are contract liabilities which are recognised under other current liabilities either when the customer pays excess consideration over the required amount for satisfaction of performance obligation and / or unadjusted accumulation of discounts and rebates.

In both the occurrences, contract liabilities are adjusted against supply of goods in the subsequent period and revenue is recognised in the period when performance obligation is satisfied.

5.7 Other Income

5.7.1 I nterest income is recognised using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period where appropriate, the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability.

5.7.2 Dividend income is recognised when the Company’s right to receive dividend is established.

5.7.3 Rental income from operating lease on investment properties is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease.

5.8 Employee Benefits

Short term employee benefits

5.8.1 Short-term employee benefits viz., Salaries and Wages are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the related service is rendered.

Post-employment benefits

Defined Contribution Plan

5.8.2 The Company contributes monthly to Employees’ Provident Fund & Employees’ Pension Fund administered by the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation, Government of India, at 12% of employee’s basic salary.

5.8.3 The Company contributes to Superannuation Fund / National Pension System (NPS) at a sum equivalent to 15% or 10% of the officer’s eligible basic salary as the case may be, based on the option exercised by such officers.

5.8.4 Contributions to Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund, and National Pension System (NPS) are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the employees have rendered services. There are no further obligations except for the above said contributions.

Defined Benefit Plan

5.8.5 The Company contributes to Defined Benefit Plan viz., an approved Gratuity Fund, for its employees including employees in subsidiary company. It is in the form of lump sum payments to vested employees on resignation, retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment, for an amount equivalent to 15 days’ basic salary for each completed year of service. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of continuous service. Based on the valuation by an independent external actuary, the Company makes annual contributions to the trust administered by the company as at the reporting date using Projected Unit Credit method. The funds are managed by LIC of India.

5.8.6 Remeasurement of net defined benefit asset / liability comprising of actuarial gains or losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged / credited to other comprehensive income in the period in which they arise and immediately transferred to retained earnings. Other costs are accounted in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Other long term employee benefits

5.8.7 The Company provides for expenses towards compensated absences provided to its employees. The expense is recognized at the present value of the amount payable determined based on an independent external actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date, using Projected Unit Credit method. The Company presents the entire compensated absences as ‘Short-term provisions’ since employee has an unconditional right to avail the leave at any time during the year.

5.9 Government Grants

5.9.1 Government grants are recognised at fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all the attached conditions are complied with.

5.9.2 In case of revenue related grant, the income is recognised on a systematic basis over the period for which it is intended to compensate an expense and is disclosed under “Other operating revenue” or netted off against corresponding expenses wherever appropriate. Receivables of such grants are shown under “Other Financial Assets”. Export benefits are accounted for in the year of exports based on eligibility and when there is no uncertainty in receiving the same. Receivables of such benefits are shown under “Other Financial Assets”.

5.9.3 The soft loan from government is recognised and measured in accordance with Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments. The benefit of soft loan from government at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant and classified as “Deferred Grant”. It is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan determined in accordance with Ind AS 109, and the proceeds received. The said deferred grant is amortized over the useful life of the underlying asset.

5.10 Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

5.10.1 The carrying amount of assets i.e property, plant and equipment including right-of-use asset, investment properties, cash generating units and intangible assets other than inventories & deferred tax assets, are reviewed for impairment at each reporting date, if there is any indication of impairment based on internal and external factors.

5.10.2 Non-financial assets are treated as impaired when the carrying amount of such asset exceeds its recoverable value. After recognition of impairment loss, the depreciation for the said assets is provided for remaining useful life based on the revised carrying amount, less its residual value if any, on straight-line basis.

5.11 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

5.11.1 Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.

5.11.2 Provisions are discounted if the effect of the time value of money is material, using pre-tax rates that reflects the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, an increase in the provisions due to the passage of time is recognised as finance cost. These provisions are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

5.11.3 The Company provides for the estimated expenses at fair value that are required to restore mines. The estimated restoration expenses are determined based on the estimated mineral reserves available. The actual expenses may vary based on the nature of restoration and estimate of restoration expenses. Mines restoration expenses are incurred on an on-going basis until the closure of mines. The total estimate of restoration expenses is reviewed periodically, on the basis of technical estimates and expected timing of these costs. The provision for this expense is included under “Cost of materials consumed” to the extent, such mineral reserves were used in the production. The unwinding of the discount on provision is shown as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

5.11.4 I nsurance claims are accounted on the basis of claims admitted or expected to be admitted and to the extent that the amount recoverable can be measured reliably and it is reasonable to expect ultimate collection. Any subsequent change in the recoverability is provided for. Contingent Assets are not recognised.

5.11.5 Contingent liability is a possible obligation that may arise from past events and its existence will be confirmed only by occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and the same are not recognised but disclosed in the financial statements.

5.12 Intangible Assets

5.12.1 The costs incurred in connection with securing right to extract mineral reserves are capitalised under “Mining Rights” and the costs of stripping overburden to gain access to limestone deposits and the present value of restoration liability, if materially significant, to the extent of exposed overburden area are capitalised under “Mine Development”.

5.12.2 The costs of computer software acquired and its subsequent improvements are capitalised. Internally generated software is not capitalized and the expenditure is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

5.12.3 The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite. Intangible Assets with finite lives are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses if any and are amortised over their estimated useful life based on straight-line method. The Company do not have any intangible assets with indefinite lives. The estimated useful lives of intangible assets with finite lives are assessed by the internal technical team as detailed below:

Nature of Intangible assets	Estimated useful life
Mining rights	Over the mining lease period from 3 to 49 years
Mine Development	Unit of production method
Computer software	6 years

5.12.4 The intangible assets that are under development phase are carried at cost including related expenses and attributable interest, and are recognised as Intangible assets under development.

5.12.5 The residual values, useful lives and methods of amortisation of intangible asset are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

5.13 Investment Properties

5.13.1 An investment in land or buildings both furnished and unfurnished, which are held for earning rentals or capital appreciation or both rather than for use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes or sale in the ordinary course of business, are classified as investment properties.

5.13.2 I nvestment properties are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any except freehold land, which is carried at cost.

5.13.3 The company identifies the significant parts of investment properties separately, which are required to be replaced at intervals. Such parts are depreciated separately based on their specific useful lives determined on best estimate basis upon technical advice.

5.13.4 Depreciation on investment properties are calculated on straight-line method based on useful lives of the significant parts on best estimate basis upon technical advice, as detailed below:

Asset type	Useful life in years as per part C of Schedule II of Companies Act, 2013	Useful life of significant parts estimated by the Company
Buildings under Investment	3 to 60 years	3 to 60 years

5.13.5 The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of investment properties are reviewed

at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

5.14 Financial Instruments

5.14.1 The Company initially determines the classification of financial assets and liabilities. After initial recognition, no re-classification is made for financial assets, which are categorised as equity instruments at FVTOCI, and financial assets / liabilities that are specifically designated as FVTPL. However, other financial assets are re-classifiable when there is a change in the business model of the Company.

Financial Assets

5.14.2 Financial assets comprise of investments in equity and mutual funds, loans, trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents and other financial assets.

Initial recognition and measurement

5.14.3 All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. However, Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component are measured at transaction price.

5.14.4 Where the fair value of a financial asset at initial recognition is different from its transaction price, the difference between the fair value and the transaction price is recognised as a gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss at initial recognition if the fair value is determined through a quoted market price in an active market for an identical asset (i.e. level 1 input) or through a valuation technique that uses data from observable markets (i.e. level 2 input).

5.14.5 In case the fair value is not determined using a level 1 or level 2 input as mentioned above, the difference between the fair value and transaction price is deferred appropriately and recognised as a gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss only to the extent that such gain or loss arises due to a change in factor that market participants take into account when pricing the financial asset.

Subsequent measurement

5.14.6 For subsequent measurement, the Company classifies a financial asset in accordance with the below criteria:

(a) The Company’s business model for managing the financial asset and,

(b) The contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset:

Based on the above criteria, the Company classifies its financial assets into the following categories:

Classification	Name of Financial Assets
Amortised cost	Trade receivables, Loans to subsidiaries, associates, employees and related parties, deposits, IPA receivable, interest receivable, unbilled revenue and other advances recoverable in cash.
FVTOCI	Equity investments in companies (including compound financial instrument, which qualify as equity under Ind AS 32) other than Subsidiary & Associate as an irrevocable option exercised at the time of initial recognition.
FVTPL	Investments in mutual funds & forward exchange contracts.
5.14.7 Financial assets are measured at FVTPL except for those financial assets whose contractual terms give rise to cash flows on specified dates that represents solely payments of principal and interest thereon, are measured as detailed below depending on the business model:
Classification	Business Model
Amortised cost	The objective of the Company is to hold and collect the contractual cash flows till maturity. In other words, the Company do not intend to sell the instrument before its contractual maturity to realise its fair value changes.
FVTOCI	The objective of the Company is to collect its contractual cash flows and selling financial assets.

5.14.8 The Company has accounted for its investments in subsidiaries and associates at cost.

5.14.9 For impairment purposes, significant financial assets are tested on individual basis at each reporting date. Other financial assets are assessed collectively in groups that share similar credit risk characteristics. Accordingly, the impairment testing is done on the following basis:

Name of Financial asset	Impairment testing methodology
Trade	The Company uses simplified
receivables	approach wherein Expected Credit Loss model (ECL) is applied. The ECL over lifetime of the assets are estimated by using a provision matrix which is based on historical loss rates reflecting current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions which are grouped on the basis of similar credit characteristics such as nature of industry, customer segment, past due status and other factors that are relevant to estimate the expected cash loss from these assets.
Other	When the credit risk has not
Financial	increased significantly, 12
assets	month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. When there is significant change in credit risk since initial recognition, the impairment is measured based on probability of default over the lifetime. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12 month ECL.

Financial Liabilities

5.14.10 Financial liabilities comprise of Borrowings, Trade payables, Lease Liabilities and other financial liabilities.

Initial recognition and measurement:

5.14.11 All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value minus, in the case of financial liabilities not recorded at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial liability.

5.14.12 Where the fair value of a financial liability at initial recognition is different from its transaction price, the difference between the fair value and the transaction price is recognised as a gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss at initial recognition if the fair value is determined through a quoted market price in an active market for an identical asset (i.e. level 1 input) or through a valuation technique that uses data from observable markets (i.e. level 2 input).

5.14.13 I n case the fair value is not determined using a level 1 or level 2 input as mentioned above, the difference between the fair value and transaction price is deferred appropriately and recognised as a gain or loss in the Statement of Profit and Loss only to the extent that such gain or loss arises due to a change in factor that market participants take into account when pricing the financial liability.

Subsequent measurement

5.14.14 All financial liabilities of the Company are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method except for certain items like foreign exchange forward contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting are measured at fair through profit or loss (FVTPL).

5.14.15 Transaction cost of financial guarantee contracts that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee are recognised initially as a liability at fair value. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognised less cumulative amortization.

5.15 Fair value measurement

5.15.1 The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that the market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that the market participants act in the economic best interest.

5.15.2 All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured and disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole. The fair value hierarchy is described as below:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

5.15.3 For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the Balance sheet on a recurring basis, the company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorisation at the end of each reporting period (i.e) based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole.

5.15.4 For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the company has determined the classes of assets and liabilities based on the nature, characteristics and risks of the assets or liabilities and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

6. Significant Estimates and Judgements

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Actual results could vary from these estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an on-going basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is

revised if the revision effects only that period or in the period of the revision or future periods, if the revision affects both current and future years.

Accordingly, the management has applied the following estimates / assumptions / judgements in preparation and presentation of financial statements:

Current Taxes

Calculations of income taxes for the current period are done based on applicable tax laws under new tax regime and management’s judgement by evaluating positions taken in tax returns and interpretations of relevant provisions of law and applicable judicial precedents.

Deferred Tax Asset

Significant management judgement is exercised by reviewing the deferred tax assets at each reporting date to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be retained / recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Intangible Assets and Investment Properties

The residual values and estimated useful life of PPEs, Intangible Assets and Investment Properties are assessed by the technical team at each reporting date by taking into account the nature of asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating condition of the asset, past history of replacement and maintenance support. Upon review, the management accepts the assigned useful life and residual value for computation of depreciation/amortisation. Also, management judgement is exercised for classifying the asset as investment properties or vice versa.

Revenue Recognition

Significant management judgement is exercised in determining the transaction price and discounts to customer, which is based on market factors namely demand and supply. The Company offers credit period to customers for which there is no financing component.

Defined Benefit Plans and Other long term benefits

The cost of the defined benefit plan and other long-term benefits, and the present value of such obligation are determined by the independent actuarial valuer. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments

in future. Management believes that the assumptions used by the actuary in determination of the discount rate, future salary increases, mortality rates and attrition rates are reasonable. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, this obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

Determination of lease term of contracts as noncancellable term

Significant management judgement is exercised in determining the lease term as non-cancellable term of the lease, together with any periods covered by an option to extend the lease if it is reasonably certain to be exercised, or any periods covered by an option to terminate the lease, if it is reasonably certain not to be exercised, by considering all relevant factors that create an economic incentive for it to exercise either the renewal or termination.

Impairment of Non-financial assets (PPE/Intangible Assets/Investment Properties)

The impairment of non-financial assets is determined based on estimation of recoverable amount of such assets. The assumptions used in computing the recoverable amount are based on management judgement considering the timing of future cash flows, discount rates and the risks specific to the asset.

Supplier financing arrangements

With respect to supplier financing arrangements, the Company has exercised management judgement in determining the presentation of liabilities as part of trade payables, its related cash flows and the information for disclosure in the notes, since it is part of working capital used in the company’s normal operating cycle considering its similar nature, function, payment terms and nature of security offered for such liabilities.

Provisions

The timing of recognition requires application of judgement to existing facts and circumstances that may be subject to change. The litigations and claims to which the company is exposed are assessed by the management and in certain cases with the support of external experts. The amounts are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects the current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability.

Mines Restoration Expenditure

In determining the provision for Mines restoration expenditure, assumptions and estimates are made by the management, in relation to discount rates, the expected mineral reserves, estimated cost to restore the mines and the expected timing of those costs.

Contingent Liabilities

Management judgement is exercised for estimating the possible outflow of resources, if any, in respect of contingencies / claims / litigations against the Company as it is not possible to predict the outcome of pending matters with accuracy.

Mine Development

In determining the allocation of mine development cost based on the unit of production method, assumptions and estimates are made by the management, in relation to the estimated mineral reserves available for the remaining period.

Fair value measurement of financial instruments

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities could not be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, management uses valuation techniques including the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model, to determine its fair value The inputs to these models are

taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is exercised in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility.

Impairment of Trade receivables

The impairment for trade receivables are done based on assumptions about risk of default and expected loss rates. The assumptions, selection of inputs for calculation of impairment are based on management judgement considering the past history, market conditions and forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting date.

Impairment of Investments in Subsidiaries / Associates

Significant management judgement is exercised in

determining whether the investment in subsidiaries / associates are impaired or not is on the basis of its nature of long term strategic investments and business projections.

Interests in other entities

Significant management judgement is exercised in

determining the interests in other entities. The management believes that wherever there is a significant influence over certain companies belonging to its group, such companies are treated as Associate companies even though it holds less than 20% of the voting rights.

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Mar 31, 2023

1. Corporate Information

The Ramco Cements Limited (“the Company”) is a Public Limited company domiciled and headquartered in India and incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act 1956. The Registered office of the Company is located at “Ramamandiram” Rajapalayam - 626 117, Tamilnadu. The Company’s shares are listed in BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited.

The Company is engaged in manufacture of Cement, Ready Mix Concrete and Dry Mortar products. The Company caters mainly to the domestic markets. The Company also sells cement in Srilanka through direct exports and Maldives through merchant exports. The Company is also engaged in sale of surplus electricity generated from its windmills after meeting its captive requirements.

The financial statements of the Company for the year were approved and adopted by Board of Directors of the Company in their meeting dated 18-05-2023.

2. Statement of Compliance

The financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015, as amended from time to time, presentation requirements of Division II of Ind AS compliant Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013 and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India, wherever applicable.

3. Basis of Preparation of Separate Financial Statements

3.1 The significant accounting policies used in preparing the financial statements are set out in Note No.4.

3.2 The Company has considered its operating cycle to be 12 months for the purpose of Current and Non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

3.3 An asset is classified as current when it is expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in the normal operating cycle, or held primarily for the purpose of trading or expected to be realised within 12 months after the reporting period, or cash or cash equivalents unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability 12 months after the reporting period. All other assets are classified as non-current.

3.4 A liability is classified as current when it is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle, or held primarily for the purpose of trading or due for settlement within 12 months after the reporting period, or there is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period. All other liabilities are classified as non-current. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

3.5 The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is the Company’s functional currency, rounded to the nearest Crores with two decimals. The amount below the round off norm adopted by the Company is denoted as Rs. 0.00 Crores.

3.6 Previous year figures have been regrouped / restated, wherever necessary and appropriate.

Basis of Measurement

3.7 The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis under historical cost convention except for certain financial instruments (Refer Note 4.18 -Accounting Policy for Financial Instruments), defined benefit plan assets and employee stock options which are measured at fair value.

4. Significant Accounting Policies

4.1 Inventories

4.1.1 Raw-materials, Stores & Spares, Fuel, Packing materials etc., are valued at cost, computed on a moving weighted average basis including the cost incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition after providing for obsolescence and other losses, or net realisable value whichever is lower. However, these items are considered to be realisable at cost, if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost.

4.1.2 Process stock is valued at weighted average cost including the cost of conversion with systematic allocation of production overheads based on normal capacity of production facilities but excluding borrowing cost, or net realisable value whichever is lower. Factory administration overheads to the extent attributable to bring the inventories to their present location and condition are also included in the valuation of Process stock.

Finished goods are valued at cost or net realisable value whichever is lower. Cost includes cost of conversion

with systematic allocation of production overheads based on normal capacity of production facilities and other costs but excluding borrowing cost, incurred in bringing the inventory to their present location and condition. Finished goods include stock-in-trade also which comprises cost of purchase and other cost incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

4.2 Statement of Cash Flows

4.2.1 Cash flows are presented using indirect method, whereby profit / (loss) before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments.

4.2.2 Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances with original maturity of less than 3 months, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash, which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

4.2.3 Bank borrowings are generally considered to be financing activities. However, where bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand form an integral part of an entity’s cash management, bank overdrafts are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of Statement of Cash flows.

4.3 Dividend distribution to Equity shareholders

Interim dividend paid is recognised on approval by Board of Directors. Final dividend distribution to shareholders is recognised in the period in which the dividends are approved by the shareholders. Dividend together with applicable tax i.e TDS are recognised directly in Equity.

4.4 Income Taxes

4.4.1 The Company has an irrevocable option of shifting to a lower tax rate and simultaneously forgo certain tax incentives, deductions and accumulated MAT credit as per Section 115BAA in the Income Tax Act, 1961. In view of the overall tax benefits available under Section 115BAA, the Company has opted for shifting to lower tax regime from FY 2021-22 onwards.

4.4.2 Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the applicable tax rates under new tax regime, the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws including the relevant transfer pricing regulations prescribed thereunder, read with applicable judicial precedents or interpretations, wherever relevant.

4.4.3 Current tax assets and liabilities are offset, when the Company has legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and intends to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.

4.4.4 Deferred tax is recognised using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting at the reporting date. The Company has restated the net deferred tax liability as at 01-04-2021 in accordance with the reduced tax rates, in view of adoption of new tax regime.

4.4.5 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year where the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

4.4.6 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by same governing tax laws and the Company has legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities.

4.4.7 Both current tax and deferred tax relating to items recognised outside the Profit or Loss is recognised either in “Other Comprehensive Income” or directly in “Equity” as the case may be.

4.5 Property, Plant and Equipments (PPE)

4.5.1. PPEs are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses if any, except freehold land which is carried at cost. The cost comprises of purchase price, import duties, non-refundable purchase taxes (net of tax credits wherever applicable), borrowing cost if capitalisation criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.

Subsequent expenditures are recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Spares which meet the definition of PPE are capitalised from the date when it is available for use. Other expenses on fixed assets, including day-today repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts that does not meet the capitalisation criteria are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

The company identifies the significant parts of plant and equipment separately which are required to be replaced at intervals. Such parts are depreciated separately based on their specific useful lives. The cost of replacement of significant parts are capitalised and the carrying amount of replaced parts are de-recognised.

The cost of major inspection / overhauling is recognised in the carrying amount of the item of PPE as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. Any remaining carrying amount of the cost of the previous inspection/overhauling (as distinct from physical parts) is de-recognised.

The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of PPE after its use, if materially significant, is included in the cost of the respective asset when the recognition criteria are met.

Capital Expenditure on tangible assets for research and development is classified as PPE and is depreciated based on the estimated useful life. Other expenditure incurred for research and development are expensed under the respective heads of accounts in the year in which it is incurred.

4.5.2 The Company follows the useful lives of the significant parts of certain class of PPE on best estimate basis upon technical advice, as detailed below, that are different from the useful lives prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013:

Asset type	Useful life ranging from
Buildings	3 to 60 years
Plant and equipments
- Cement	2 to 60 years
- Ready mix concrete	10 to 25 years
- Dry mortar products	5 to 25 years
Thermal power plants	5 to 60 years
Windmills	5 to 30 years
Workshop and Quarry equipments	8 to 25 years
Mobile Phones	3 years
Motor cars given to employees as per company’s scheme	6 to 7 years

4.5.3 PPE acquired in full or part exchange for another asset are recorded at the fair market value or the net book value of the asset given up, adjusted for any balance transaction amount. Fair market value is determined either for the assets acquired or asset given up, whichever is more clearly evident.

4.5.4 PPEs are eliminated from the financial statements on disposal or when no further benefit is expected from its use and disposal. Gains or losses arising from disposal, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such assets, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Amount received towards PPE that are impaired and derecognized in the financial statements, are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss, when the recognition criteria are met.

4.5.5 Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an asset over its useful life on a straight line method. The depreciable amount for assets is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less 5% being its residual value, except for process control systems whose residual value is considered as Nil.

4.5.6 Depreciation for PPE on additions is calculated on pro-rata basis from the date of such additions. For deletion/disposals, the depreciation is calculated on pro-rata basis up to the date on which such assets have been discarded / sold.

4.5.7 The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

Capital Work in progress / Capital Advances

4.5.8 Capital work in progress includes cost of property, plant and equipment under installation, under development including related expenses and attributable interest as at the reporting date.

4.5.9 Advances given towards acquisition / construction of PPE outstanding at the reporting date are disclosed as ‘Capital Advances’ under ‘Other Non-Current Assets’.

4.6 Leases

4.6.1 The determination of whether an arrangement is, or

contains, a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception date whether fulfilment of arrangement is dependent on the use of an underlying

asset and the arrangement conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Company as a Lessee

4.6.2 The company recognises a right-of-use asset (RoU) and a lease liability at the lease commencement date for all leases whose non-cancellable leases is more than 12 months. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

4.6.3 The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term, as follows:

Nature of RoU	Useful life ranging from
Land	16 to 97 years
Building	27 years

4.6.4 The estimated useful lives of right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those of property, plant and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain re-measurements of the lease liability.

4.6.5 The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, company’s incremental borrowing rate.

4.6.6 Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following:

(a) Fixed payments,

(b) Variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date

(c) Amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee

(d) The exercise price under a purchase option that the company is reasonably certain to exercise, lease payments in an optional renewal period if the company is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option, and penalties for early termination of a lease unless the company is reasonably certain not to terminate early

4.6.7 The lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the company’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option.

4.6.8 When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset, or is recorded in the Statement of Profit or Loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.

4.6.9 The Company presents right-of-use assets that do not meet the definition of investment property in ‘Property, Plant and Equipment’ and Lease liabilities as a separate line item on face of the Balance sheet.

4.6.10 The Company has opted not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less. The company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Company as a Lessor

4.6.11 The lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vests with the Lessor are recognised as operating lease. Operating lease receipts are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on straight line basis over the lease terms except where the payments are structured to increase in line with the general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases. The Company do not have any finance leases arrangements.

4.7 Revenue Recognition

4.7.1 Revenue from Operations

Sale of Products

Revenue from product sales is recognized when the company transfers control of the product to customers at a point in time. The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods to the customer. The Company provides discounts to customers on the achievement of the performance criteria based on agreed terms and conditions. There is no significant financing component with regard to sale of products for the company as per Ind AS 115. The company do not have any non-cash consideration.

Power generated from Windmills

Power generated from windmills that are covered under power purchase agreement with TANGEDCO and third parties, are recognised at the rate fixed by respective State Electricity Regulatory Commissions and rate agreed with such counter parties, respectively, upon transmission of energy to the grids of the State Electricity Board and the same is classified as “Sale of power generated from windmills"

Power generated from windmills that are covered under wheeling & banking arrangement with TANGEDCO are consumed at factories. The monetary values of such power generated that are captively consumed are not recognised as revenue.

Scrap sales

Scrap sales is recognized when the Company transfers control of the product to customers.

4.7.2 Other Income

Interest income is recognised using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period where appropriate, the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability.

Dividend income is recognised when the Company’s right to receive dividend is established.

Rental income from operating lease on investment properties is recognised on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease.

4.8 Employee Benefits

4.8.1 Short-term employee benefits viz., Salaries and Wages are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the related service is rendered.

4.8.2 Defined Contribution Plan viz., Contributions to Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund are

recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the employees have rendered services.

4.8.3 The Company contributes monthly to Employees’

Provident Fund & Employees’ Pension Fund

administered by the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation, Government of India, at 12% of employee’s basic salary. The Company has no further obligations.

4.8.4 The Company contributes for Superannuation Fund on an annual basis, a sum equivalent to 15% of the officer’s eligible annual basic salary. Out of the said 15% contribution, a sum upto Rs. 1.50 Lacs per annum is remitted to the superannuation fund trust administered by the Company. The funds are managed by HDFC Life Insurance. The balance amount, if any, is either remitted to National Pension System (NPS) subject to applicable ceiling or paid as salary at the option of employees. There are no further obligations in respect of the above contribution plan.

4.8.5 The Company contributes to Defined Benefit Plan viz., an approved Gratuity Fund, for its employees including employees in subsidiary company. It is in the form of lump sum payments to vested employees on resignation, retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment, for an amount equivalent to 15 days’ basic salary for each completed year of service. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of continuous service. Based on the valuation by an independent external actuary, the Company makes annual contributions to the trust administered by the company as at the reporting date using Projected Unit Credit method. The funds are managed by LIC of India.

4.8.6 The Company provides for expenses towards compensated absences provided to its employees. The expense is recognized at the present value of the amount payable determined based on an independent external actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date, using Projected Unit Credit method. The Company presents the entire compensated absences as ‘Short-term provisions’ since employee has an unconditional right to avail the leave at any time during the year.

4.8.7 Remeasurement of net defined benefit asset / liability comprising of actuarial gains or losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged / credited to

other comprehensive income in the period in which they arise and immediately transferred to retained earnings. Other costs are accounted in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Employee Stock options

4.8.8 The employees of the Company are entitled for grant of stock options based on the eligibility criteria set out in ESOS 2018, as determined by Nomination & Remuneration committee (NRC). The fair value of the equity settled stock options granted to employees are measured by an independent valuer using Black-Scholes Model.

4.8.9 The fair value determined at the grant date of the option is expensed on a straight-line basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss as ‘Employee Benefits Expense’, over the vesting period of the option, based on the Company’s estimate of stock options that will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase in equity.

4.8.10 At the end of each reporting period, the Company revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss such that the cumulative expense reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding adjustment to the Employee Stock Options Reserve.

4.8.11 When the options are exercised, the Company issues fresh issue of equity shares upon receipt of exercise price from the employees. The proceeds received are allocated to share capital upto the face value of shares issued, with any excess being accounted as Securities Premium in the Balance Sheet.

4.8.12 In case of forfeiture/lapse of stock option, which is not vested, then to such extent, expenses shall be reversed in Statement of Profit and Loss and if expires unexercised, the related balance standing to the credit of the Employee Stock Options Reserve Account is transferred within other equity.

4.8.13 The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation.

4.9 Government Grants

4.9.1 Government grants are recognised at fair value

where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all the attached conditions are complied with.

4.9.2 In case of revenue related grant, the income is recognised on a systematic basis over the period for which it is intended to compensate an expense and is disclosed under “Other operating revenue” or netted off against corresponding expenses wherever appropriate. Receivables of such grants are shown under “Other Financial Assets” Export benefits are accounted for in the year of exports based on eligibility and when there is no uncertainty in receiving the same. Receivables of such benefits are shown under “Other Financial Assets.

4.9.3 The soft loan from government is recognised and measured in accordance with Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments. The benefit of soft loan from government at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant and classified as “Deferred Grant’.’ It is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan determined in accordance with Ind AS 109, and the proceeds received. The said deferred grant is amortized over the useful life of the underlying asset.

4.10 Foreign currency transactions

4.10.1 The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is also the Company’s functional currency.

4.10.2 All transactions in foreign currency are recorded on initial recognition at their functional currency spot exchange rates prevailing on the date of transaction.

4.10.3 Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies outstanding at the reporting date are translated to the functional currency spot rates prevailing on the reporting date and the resultant gains or losses are recognised during the year in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

4.10.4 Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates at the date of transaction. The date of transaction is the date on which the Company initially recognises the non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability arising from advance consideration. If there are multiple receipts of payments in advance, the Company determines the transaction date for each payment or receipt of advance consideration.

Foreign Branch Operations

4.10.5 Income and expenditure transactions are translated to functional currency using monthly moving average exchange rate.

4.10.6 Monetary assets and liabilities of foreign branch as at the reporting date are translated to the functional currency spot rates prevailing on the reporting date and the resultant gains or losses are recognised during the year in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

4.10.7 Non-monetary items of foreign branch are carried at historical cost denominated in foreign currency and are reported using the exchange rates at the transaction date.

4.11 Borrowing Costs

4.11.1 Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction, production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of that asset which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. The Company determines the amount of borrowing cost eligible for capitalisation by applying capitalisation rate to the expenditure incurred on such cost. The capitalisation rate is determined based on the weighted average rate of borrowing cost applicable to the borrowings of the Company which are outstanding during the period, other than borrowings made specifically towards purchase of the qualifying asset. The amount of borrowing cost that the Company capitalises during the period does not exceed the amount of borrowing cost incurred during that period. All other borrowings costs are expensed in the period in which they occur.

4.11.2 Borrowing cost include interest computed using Effective Interest Rate method, interest on lease liabilities, amortisation of ancillary costs incurred and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

4.12 Earnings per Share

4.12.1 Basic Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit/(loss) attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares including un-allotted bonus shares outstanding during the year.

4.12.2 Diluted Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit / (loss) attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares including un-allotted bonus shares outstanding during the year and potential equity shares arising out of employee stock options.

4.12.3 Where an item of income or expense which is otherwise required to be recognised in the Statement of Profit

and Loss is debited or credited to Equity, the amount in respect thereof is suitably adjusted in Net profit for the purpose of computing Earnings per share.

4.13 Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

4.13.1 The carrying amount of assets i.e property, plant and equipment including right-of-use asset, investment properties, cash generating units and intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment at each reporting date, if there is any indication of impairment based on internal and external factors.

4.13.2 Non-financial assets are treated as impaired when the carrying amount of such asset exceeds its recoverable value. After recognition of impairment loss, the depreciation for the said assets is provided for remaining useful life based on the revised carrying amount, less its residual value if any, on straight line basis.

4.13.3 An impairment loss is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired.

4.13.4 An impairment loss is reversed when there is an indication that the impairment loss may no longer exist or may have decreased.

4.14 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

4.14.1 Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.

4.14.2 Provisions are discounted if the effect of the time value of money is material, using pre-tax rates that reflects the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, an increase in the provisions due to the passage of time is recognised as finance cost. These provisions are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

4.14.3 The Company provides for the estimated expenses at fair value that are required to restore mines. The estimated restoration expenses are determined based on the estimated mineral reserves available. The actual expenses may vary based on the nature of restoration and estimate of restoration expenses. Mines restoration expenses are incurred on an on-going

4.15.5 The intangible assets that are under development phase are carried at cost including related expenses and attributable interest, and are recognised as Intangible assets under development.

4.15.6 The residual values, useful lives and methods of amortisation of intangible asset are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

4.16 Investment Properties

4.16.1 An investment in land or buildings both furnished and unfurnished, which are held for earning rentals or capital appreciation or both rather than for use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes or sale in the ordinary course of business, are classified as investment properties.

4.16.2 Investment properties are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any except freehold land which is carried at cost.

4.16.3 The company identifies the significant parts of investment properties separately which are required to be replaced at intervals. Such parts are depreciated separately based on their specific useful lives determined on best estimate basis upon technical advice. The cost of replacement of significant parts are capitalised and the carrying amount of replaced parts are de-recognised. Other expenses including day-today repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts that does not meet the capitalisation criteria, are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

4.16.4 Depreciation on investment properties are calculated on straight-line method based on useful life of the significant parts as detailed below, that are different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013:

basis until the closure of mines. The total estimate of restoration expenses is reviewed periodically, on the basis of technical estimates and expected timing of these costs. The provision for this expense is included under “Cost of materials consumed” to the extent such mineral reserves were used in the production. The unwinding of the discount on provision is shown as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

4.14.4 Insurance claims are accounted on the basis of claims admitted or expected to be admitted and to the extent that the amount recoverable can be measured reliably and it is reasonable to expect ultimate collection. Any subsequent change in the recoverability is provided for. Contingent Assets are not recognised.

4.14.5 Contingent liability is a possible obligation that may arise from past events and its existence will be confirmed only by occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and the same are not recognised but disclosed in the financial statements.

4.15 Intangible Assets

4.15.1 The costs incurred in connection with securing right to extract mineral reserves are capitalised under “Mining Rights” and the costs of stripping overburden to gain access to limestone deposits and the present value of restoration liability, if materially significant, to the extent of exposed overburden area are capitalised under “Mine Development”

4.15.2 The costs of computer software acquired and its subsequent improvements are capitalised. Internally generated software is not capitalized and the expenditure is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

4.15.3 The cost incurred for right to un-restricted usage of power transmission system for sale of power from Company’s captive thermal power plants to State grid and for drawal of power from State grid to its plant were capitalized as the Company is expected to yield future economic benefits.

4.15.4 Intangible Assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses if any and are amortised over their estimated useful life based on straight line method. The estimated useful lives of

intangible assets are assessed by the internal technical team as detailed below:

Nature of Intangible assets	Estimated useful life
Mining rights	Over the period of mining lease
Mine Development	Unit of production method
Computer software	6 years
Power transmission system	5 years

Asset type	Useful life ranging from
Buildings under Investment properties	3 to 60 years

4.16.5 Investment properties are eliminated from the financial statements on disposal or when no further benefit is expected from its use and disposal. Gains or losses arising from disposal, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such investment properties, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Amount received towards investment properties that are impaired and derecognized in the financial statements, are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss, when the recognition criteria are met.

4.16.6 The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of investment properties are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

4.17 Operating Segments

Operating segments are identified on the basis of nature and usage of products and reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to Chief Operating Decision Maker. The Company’s business operation comprises of single operating segment viz., cement and cementious materials.

4.18 Financial Instruments

4.18.1 A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

4.18.2 Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in the Balance sheet when and only when the Company has a legal right to offset the recognised amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

4.18.3 The Company initially determines the classification of financial assets and liabilities. After initial recognition, no re-classification is made for financial assets which are categorised as equity instruments at FVTOCI and financial assets / liabilities that are specifically designated as FVTPL. However, other financial assets are re-classifiable when there is a change in the business model of the Company. When the Company reclassifies the financial assets, such reclassifications are done prospectively from the first day of the immediately next reporting period. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses including impairment gains or losses or interest.

Financial Assets

4.18.4 Financial assets comprise of investments in equity and mutual funds, trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents and other financial assets.

4.18.5 Depending on the business model (i.e) nature of transactions for managing those financial assets and its contractual cash flow characteristics, the financial assets are initially measured at fair value and subsequently measured and classified at:

a) Amortised cost; or

b) Fair value through other comprehensive

income (FVTOCI); or

c) Fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Amortised cost represents carrying amount on initial recognition at fair value plus or minus transaction cost.

4.18.6 Financial assets are measured at FVTPL except for those financial assets whose contractual terms give rise to cash flows on specified dates that represents solely payments of principal and interest thereon, are measured as detailed below depending on the business model:

Classification	Business Model
Amortised cost	The objective of the Company is to hold and collect the contractual cash flows till maturity. In other words, the Company do not intend to sell the instrument before its contractual maturity to realise its fair value changes.
FVTOCI	The objective of the Company is to collect its contractual cash flows and selling financial assets.
The Company has accounted for its investments in subsidiaries and associates at cost. The Company has exercised an irrevocable option at time of initial recognition to measure the changes in fair value of other equity investments at FVTOCI. Accordingly, the Company classifies its financial assets for measurement as below:
Classification	Name of Financial Assets
Amortised cost	Trade receivables, Loans and advances to subsidiaries, associates, employees and related parties, deposits, IPA receivable, interest receivable, unbilled revenue and other advances recoverable in cash or kind.

Classification	Name of Financial Assets
FVTOCI	Equity investments in companies other than Subsidiary & Associate as an option exercised at the time of initial recognition.
FVTPL	Investments in mutual funds, forward exchange contracts.

4.18.7 Financial assets are derecognised (i.e) removed from the financial statements, when its contractual rights to the cash flows expire or upon transfer of the said assets. The Company also derecognises when it has an obligation to adjust the cash flows arising from the financial asset with third party and either upon transfer of:

a) significant risk and rewards of the financial asset, or

b) control of the financial asset

However, the Company continue to recognise the transferred financial asset and its associated liability to the extent of its continuing involvement, which are measured on the basis of retainment of its rights and obligations of financial asset.

4.18.8 Upon derecognition of its financial asset or part thereof, the difference between the carrying amount measured at the date of recognition and the consideration received including any new asset obtained less any new liability assumed shall be recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

4.18.9 For impairment purposes, significant financial assets are tested on individual basis at each reporting date. Other financial assets are assessed collectively in groups that share similar credit risk characteristics. Accordingly, the impairment testing is done retrospectively on the following basis:

Name of Financial asset

Impairment testing methodology

Trade receivables

Expected Credit Loss model (ECL) is applied. The ECL over lifetime of the assets are estimated by using a provision matrix which is based on historical loss rates reflecting current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions which are grouped on the basis of similar credit characteristics such as nature of industry, customer segment, past due status and other factors that are relevant to estimate the expected cash loss from these assets.

Name of Financial asset	Impairment testing methodology
Other Financial assets	When the credit risk has not increased significantly, 12 month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. When there is significant change in credit risk since initial recognition, the impairment is measured based on probability of default over the life time. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12 month ECL.
Financial Liabilities 4.18.10 Financial liabilities comprise of Borrowings from Banks, Non-convertible debentures, Soft loan / Interest free loan from Government, Trade payables, Lease Liabilities, Derivative financial instruments, Financial guarantee obligation and other financial liabilities.
4.18.11 The Company measures its financial liabilities as below:
Measurement basis	Name of Financial liabilities
Amortised cost	Borrowings, Soft Loan/Interest free loan from Government, Trade payables, Lease Liabilities, Interest accrued, Unclaimed dividends, Security deposits, Mines restoration obligation and other financial liabilities not for trading,
FVTPL	Foreign exchange Forward contracts being derivative contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting under Ind AS 109 and other financial

4.18.12 Financial guarantee contracts issued by the company are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Transaction cost of financial guarantee contracts that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee are recognised initially as a liability at fair value. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as

per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognised less cumulative amortization.

4.18.13 Financial liabilities are derecognised when and only when it is extinguished (i.e) when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expired.

4.18.14 Upon derecognition of its financial liabilities or part thereof, the difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

4.19 Fair value measurement

4.19.1 Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

4.19.2 The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that the market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that the market participants act in the economic best interest.

4.19.3 All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured and disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole. The fair value hierarchy is described as below:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level inputs that are significant to the fair value

measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level inputs that are significant to the fair value

measurement is unobservable.

4.19.4 For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the Balance sheet on a recurring basis, the company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorisation at the end of each reporting period (i.e) based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole.

4.19.5 For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the company has determined the classes of assets and liabilities based on the nature, characteristics and risks of the assets or liabilities and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

4.19.6 The basis for fair value determination for measurement and / or disclosure purposes is detailed below:

Investments in Equity / Mutual Funds

The fair value is determined by reference to their quoted prices at the reporting date. In the absence of the quoted price, the fair value of the equity is measured using valuation techniques.

Trade and other receivables

The fair value is estimated as the present value of the future cash flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the reporting date. However, the fair value generally approximates the carrying amount due to the short term nature of such assets.

Forward exchange contracts

The fair value of forward exchange contracts is based on the quoted price if available; otherwise it is estimated by discounting the difference between contractual forward price and current forward price for the residual maturity of the contract using government bond rates.

Non-derivative financial liabilities

The fair value of non-derivative financial liabilities viz, soft loan from government, deferred sales tax liability, borrowings are determined for disclosure purposes calculated based on the present value of future principal and interest cash flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the reporting date.

Financial guarantee obligation

The fair value of financial guarantee obligation with reference to loan availed by subsidiary/associates is determined on the basis of estimated cost involved in securing equivalent size of the guarantees from bank.

Investment Properties

The fair value is determined for disclosure purposes based on an annual evaluation performed by an internal technical team measured using the technique of quoted prices for similar assets in the active markets and further moderated by market corroborated inputs.

5. Amendments to the existing accounting standards effective from 01-04-2022 onwards

The details of amendment to the existing standards that are relevant to the Company with effect from 01-04-2022 are given below:

The amendment to Ind AS 16 on Property, Plant & Equipment has clarified that excess of net sale proceeds of items produced over the cost of testing (while bringing the asset to that location and condition) shall not be recognized in the profit or loss but deducted from the directly attributable costs considered as part of cost of an item of Property, Plant, and Equipment.

6. Significant Estimates and Judgements

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Actual results could vary from these estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an on-going basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision effects only that period or in the period of the revision or future periods, if the revision affects both current and future years.

Accordingly, the management has applied the following estimates / assumptions / judgements in preparation and presentation of financial statements:

Current Taxes

Calculations of income taxes for the current period are done based on applicable tax laws under new tax regime and management’s judgement by evaluating positions taken in tax returns and interpretations of relevant provisions of law and applicable judicial precedents.

Deferred Tax Asset

Significant management judgement is exercised by reviewing the deferred tax assets at each reporting date to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be retained / recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Intangible Assets and Investment Properties

The residual values and estimated useful life of PPEs, Intangible Assets and Investment Properties are assessed by the technical team at each reporting date by taking into account the nature of asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating condition of the asset, past history of replacement and maintenance support. Upon review, the management accepts the assigned useful life and residual value for computation of depreciation/amortisation. Also, management judgement is exercised for classifying the asset as investment properties or vice versa.

Revenue Recognition

Significant management judgement is exercised in determining the transaction price and discounts to customer which is based on market factors namely demand and supply. The Company offers credit period to customers for which there is no financing component.

Defined Benefit Plans and Other long term benefits

The cost of the defined benefit plan and other long term benefits, and the present value of such obligation are determined by the independent actuarial valuer. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in future. Management believes that the assumptions used by the actuary in determination of the discount rate, future salary increases, mortality rates and attrition rates are reasonable. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long term nature, this obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

Determination of lease term of contracts as non-cancellable term

Significant management judgement is exercised in determining the lease term as non-cancellable term of the lease, together with any periods covered by an option to extend the lease if it is reasonably certain to be exercised, or any periods covered by an option to terminate the lease, if it is reasonably certain not to be exercised, by considering all relevant factors that create an economic incentive for it to exercise either the renewal or termination.

Employee Stock Options

Significant management judgement is exercised in determination of the most appropriate valuation model, most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the expected life of the share option, volatility, dividend yield, risk free rate and the number of options that are expected to vest as at the reporting date. Management believes that the assumptions used by the valuer are reasonable.

Impairment of Non-financial assets (PPE/Intangible Assets/Investment Properties)

The impairment of non-financial assets

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Mar 31, 2022

1. Corporate Information

The Ramco Cements Limited (“the Company”) is a Public Limited Company domiciled and headquartered in India and incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956. The Registered office of the Company is located at “Ramamandiram” Rajapalayam - 626 117, Tamilnadu. The Company’s shares are listed in BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited.

The Company is engaged in manufacture of Cement, Ready Mix Concrete and Dry Mortar products. The Company caters mainly to the domestic markets. The Company also sells cement in Srilanka through direct exports and Maldives through merchant exports. The Company is also engaged in sale of surplus electricity generated from its windmills after meeting its captive requirements.

The Financial Statements of the Company for the year were approved and adopted by Board of Directors of the Company in their meeting dated 23-05-2022.

2. Statement of Ind AS Compliance

The Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015, as amended from time to time, and presentation requirements of Division II of Ind AS compliant Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013.

3. Basis of Preparation of Separate Financial Statements

3.1 The significant accounting policies used in preparing the Financial Statements are set out in Note No.4.

3.2 The Company has considered its operating cycle to be 12 months for the purpose of Current and Non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

3.3 An asset is classified as current when it is expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in the normal operating cycle, or held primarily for the purpose of trading or expected to be realised within 12 months after the reporting period, or cash or cash equivalents unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability 12 months after the reporting period. All other assets are classified as non-current.

3.4 A liability is classified as current when it is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle, or held primarily

for the purpose of trading or due for settlement within 12 months after the reporting period, or there is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period. All other liabilities are classified as non-current. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

3.5 The Financial Statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is the Company’s functional currency, rounded to the nearest Crores with two decimals. The amount below the round off norm adopted by the Company is denoted as '' 0.00 Crores.

3.6 Previous year figures have been regrouped / restated, wherever necessary and appropriate.

Basis of Measurement

3.7 The Financial Statements have been prepared on accrual basis under historical cost convention except for certain financial instruments (Refer Note 4.18 -Accounting Policy for Financial Instruments), defined benefit plan assets and employee stock options which are measured at fair value.

4. Significant Accounting Policies

4.1 Inventories

4.1.1 Raw-materials, Stores & Spares, Fuel, Packing materials etc., are valued at cost, computed on a moving weighted average basis including the cost incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition after providing for obsolescence and other losses, or net realisable value whichever is lower. However, these items are considered to be realisable at cost, if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost.

4.1.2 Process stock is valued at weighted average cost including the cost of conversion with systematic allocation of production overheads based on normal capacity of production facilities but excluding borrowing cost, or net realisable value whichever is lower. Factory administration overheads to the extent attributable to bring the inventories to their present location and condition are also included in the valuation of Process stock.

Finished goods are valued at cost or net realisable value whichever is lower. Cost includes cost of conversion with systematic allocation of production overheads based on normal capacity of production facilities and other costs but excluding borrowing

cost, incurred in bringing the inventory to their present location and condition. Finished goods include stock-in-trade also which comprises cost of purchase and other cost incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

4.2 Statement of Cash Flows

4.2.1 Cash flows are presented using indirect method, whereby profit / (loss) before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments.

4.2.2 Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances with original maturity of less than 3 months, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash, which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

4.2.3 Bank borrowings are generally considered to be financing activities. However, where bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand form an integral part of an entity’s cash management, bank overdrafts are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of Statement of Cash flows.

4.3 Dividend distribution to Equity shareholders

Interim dividend paid is recognised on approval by Board of Directors. Final dividend distribution to shareholders is recognised in the period in which the dividends are approved by the shareholders. Dividend together with applicable tax i.e TDS are recognised directly in Equity.

4.4 Income Taxes

4.4.1 The Company has an irrevocable option of shifting to a lower tax rate and simultaneously forgo certain tax incentives, deductions and accumulated MAT credit as per Section 115BAA in the Income Tax Act, 1961. In view of the overall tax benefits available under Section 115BAA, the Company has opted for shifting to lower tax regime from FY 2021-22 onwards.

4.4.2 Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with

the applicable tax rates, the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws including the relevant transfer pricing regulations prescribed thereunder, read with applicable judicial precedents or interpretations, wherever relevant.

4.4.3 Current tax assets and liabilities are offset, when the Company has legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and intends to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.

4.4.4 Deferred tax is recognised using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting at the reporting date. The Company has restated the net deferred tax liability as at 01-04-2021 in accordance with the reduced tax rates, in view of adoption of new tax regime.

4.4.5 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year where the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

4.4.6 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by same governing tax laws and the Company has legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities.

4.4.7 Both current tax and deferred tax relating to items recognised outside the Profit or Loss is recognised either in “Other Comprehensive Income” or directly in “Equity” as the case may be.

4.5 Property, plant and equipments (PPE)

4.5.1. PPEs are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses if any, except freehold land which is carried at cost. The cost comprises of purchase price, import duties, nonrefundable purchase taxes (net of tax credits wherever applicable), borrowing cost if capitalisation criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.

Subsequent expenditures are recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Spares which meet the definition of PPE are capitalised from the date when it is available for use. Other expenses on fixed assets, including day-to-day repair

and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts that does not meet the capitalisation criteria are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

The Company identifies the significant parts of plant and equipment separately which are required to be replaced at intervals. Such parts are depreciated separately based on their specific useful lives. The cost of replacement of significant parts are capitalised and the carrying amount of replaced parts are de-recognised.

The cost of major inspection / overhauling is recognised in the carrying amount of the item of PPE as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. Any remaining carrying amount of the cost of the previous inspection/overhauling (as distinct from physical parts) is de-recognised.

The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of PPE after its use, if materially significant, is included in the cost of the respective asset when the recognition criteria are met.

Capital Expenditure on tangible assets for research and development is classified as PPE and is depreciated based on the estimated useful life. Other expenditure incurred for research and development are expensed under the respective heads of accounts in the year in which it is incurred.

4.5.2 The Company follows the useful lives of the significant parts of certain class of PPE on best estimate basis upon technical advice, as detailed below, that are different from the useful lives prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013:

Asset type	Useful life ranging from
Buildings	3 to 60 years
Plant and equipments
- Cement	2 to 60 years
- Ready mix concrete	10 to 25 years
- Dry mortar products	5 to 25 years
Thermal power plants	5 to 60 years
Windmills	5 to 30 years
Workshop and Quarry equipments	8 to 25 years
Mobile Phones	3 years
Motor cars given to employees as per Company’s scheme	6 to 7 years

4.5.3 PPE acquired in full or part exchange for another asset are recorded at the fair market value or the net book value of the asset given up, adjusted for any balancing cash transaction. Fair market value is determined either for the assets acquired or asset given up, whichever is more clearly evident.

4.5.4 PPEs are eliminated from the Financial Statements on disposal or when no further benefit is expected from its use and disposal. Gains or losses arising from disposal, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such assets, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Amount received towards PPE that are impaired and derecognized in the Financial Statements, are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss, when the recognition criteria are met.

4.5.5 Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an asset over its useful life on a straight line method. The depreciable amount for assets is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less 5% being its residual value, except for process control systems whose residual value is considered as Nil.

4.5.6 Depreciation for PPE on additions is calculated on prorata basis from the date of such additions. For deletion/ disposals, the depreciation is calculated on pro-rata basis up to the date on which such assets have been discarded / sold.

4.5.7 The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

Capital Work in progress / Capital Advances

4.5.8 Capital work in progress includes cost of property, plant and equipment under installation, under development including related expenses and attributable interest as at the reporting date.

4.5.9 Advances given towards acquisition / construction of PPE outstanding at the reporting date are disclosed as ‘Capital Advances’ under ‘Other Non-Current Assets’.

4.6 Leases

4.6.1 The determination of whether an arrangement is, or

contains, a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception date whether fulfilment of arrangement is dependent on the use of an underlying asset and the arrangement conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Company as a Lessee

4.6.2 The Company recognises a right-of-use asset (RoU) and a lease liability at the lease commencement date for all leases whose non-cancellable leases is more than 12 months. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

4.6.3 The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term, as follows:

Nature of RoU	Useful life ranging from
Land	16 to 97 years
Building	27 years

4.6.4 The estimated useful lives of right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those of property, plant and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain re-measurements of the lease liability.

4.6.5 The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, Company’s incremental borrowing rate.

4.6.6 Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following:

(a) Fixed payments,

(b) Variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date

(c) Amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee

(d) The exercise price under a purchase option that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, lease payments in an optional renewal period if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option, and penalties for early termination of a lease unless the Company is reasonably certain not to terminate early

4.6.7 The lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Company’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if Company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option.

4.6.8 When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset, or is recorded in the Statement of Profit or Loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.

4.6.9 The Company presents right-of-use assets that do not meet the definition of investment property in ‘Property, Plant and Equipment’ and Lease liabilities as a separate line item on face of the Balance sheet.

4.6.10 The Company has opted not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Company as a Lessor

4.6.11 The lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vests with the Lessor are recognised as operating lease. Operating lease receipts are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on straight line basis over the lease terms except where the payments are structured to increase in line with the general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases. The Company do not have any finance leases arrangements.

4.7 Revenue Recognition

4.7.1 Revenue from Operations

Sale of Products

Revenue from product sales is recognized when the Company transfers control of the product to customers at a point in time. The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods to the customer. The Company provides discounts to customers on the achievement of the performance criteria based on agreed terms and conditions. There is

no significant financing component with regard to sale of products for the Company as per Ind AS 115. The Company do not have any non-cash consideration.

Power generated from Windmills

Power generated from windmills that are covered under power purchase agreement with TANGEDCO and third parties, are recognised at the rate fixed by respective State Electricity Regulatory Commissions and rate agreed with such counter parties, respectively, upon transmission of energy to the grids of the State Electricity Board and the same is classified as “Sale of power generated from windmills"

Power generated from windmills that are covered under wheeling & banking arrangement with TANGEDCO are consumed at factories. The monetary values of such power generated that are captively consumed are not recognised as revenue.

Scrap sales

Scrap sales is recognized when the Company transfers control of the product to customers.

4.7.2 Other Income

Interest income is recognised using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period where appropriate, the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability.

Dividend income is recognised when the Company’s right to receive dividend is established.

Rental income from operating lease on investment properties is recognised on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease.

4.8 Employee Benefits

4.8.1 Short-term employee benefits viz., Salaries and Wages are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the related service is rendered.

4.8.2 Defined Contribution Plan viz., Contributions to Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the employees have rendered services.

4.8.3 The Company contributes monthly to Employees’

Provident Fund & Employees’ Pension Fund

administered by the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation, Government of India, at 12% of employee’s basic salary. The Company has no further obligations.

4.8.4 The Company contributes for Superannuation Fund on an annual basis, a sum equivalent to 15% of the officer’s eligible annual basic salary. Out of the said 15% contribution, a sum upto '' 1.50 Lacs per annum is remitted to the superannuation fund trust administered by the Company. The funds are managed by HDFC Life Insurance. The balance amount, if any, is either remitted to National Pension System (NPS) subject to applicable ceiling or paid as salary at the option of employees. There are no further obligations in respect of the above contribution plan.

4.8.5 The Company contributes to Defined Benefit Plan viz., an approved Gratuity Fund, for its employees including employees in subsidiary Company. It is in the form of lump sum payments to vested employees on resignation, retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment, for an amount equivalent to 15 days’ basic salary for each completed year of service. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of continuous service. Based on the valuation by an independent external actuary, the Company makes annual contributions to the trust administered by the Company as at the reporting date using Projected Unit Credit method. The funds are managed by LIC of India.

4.8.6 The Company provides for expenses towards compensated absences provided to its employees. The expense is recognized at the present value of the amount payable determined based on an independent external actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date, using Projected Unit Credit method. The Company presents the entire compensated absences as ‘Shortterm provisions’ since employee has an unconditional right to avail the leave at any time during the year.

4.8.7 Remeasurement of net defined benefit asset / liability comprising of actuarial gains or losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged / credited to other comprehensive income in the period in which they arise and immediately transferred to retained earnings. Other costs are accounted in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Employee Stock options

4.8.8 The employees of the Company are entitled for grant of stock options based on the eligibility criteria set out in ESOS 2018, as determined by Nomination & Remuneration committee (NRC). The fair value of the equity settled stock options granted to employees are measured by an independent valuer using Black-Scholes Model.

4.8.9 The fair value determined at the grant date of the option is expensed on a straight-line basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss as ‘Employee Benefits Expense'' over the vesting period of the option, based on the Company''s estimate of stock options that will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase in equity.

4.8.10 At the end of each reporting period, the Company revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss such that the cumulative expense reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding adjustment to the Employee Stock Options Reserve.

4.8.11 When the options are exercised, the Company issues fresh issue of equity shares upon receipt of exercise price from the employees. The proceeds received are allocated to share capital upto the face value of shares issued, with any excess being accounted as Securities Premium in the Balance Sheet.

4.8.12 In case of forfeiture/lapse of stock option, which is not vested, then to such extent, expenses shall be reversed in Statement of Profit and Loss and if expires unexercised, the related balance standing to the credit of the Employee Stock Options Reserve Account is transferred within other equity.

4.8.13 The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation.

4.9 Government Grants

4.9.1 Government grants are recognised at fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all the attached conditions are complied with.

4.9.2 In case of revenue related grant, the income is recognised on a systematic basis over the period for which it is intended to compensate an expense and is disclosed under “Other operating revenue” or netted off against corresponding expenses wherever appropriate. Receivables of such grants are shown under “Other Financial Assets’.’ Export benefits are accounted for in the year of exports based on eligibility and when there

is no uncertainty in receiving the same. Receivables of such benefits are shown under “Other Financial Assets.

4.9.3 The soft loan from government is recognised and measured in accordance with Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments. The benefit of soft loan from government at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant and classified as “Deferred Grant. It is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan determined in accordance with Ind AS 109, and the proceeds received. The said deferred grant is amortized over the useful life of the underlying asset.

4.10 Foreign currency transactions

4.10.1 The Financial Statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is also the Company''s functional currency.

4.10.2 All transactions in foreign currency are recorded on initial recognition at their functional currency spot exchange rates prevailing on the date of transaction.

4.10.3 Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies outstanding at the reporting date are translated to the functional currency spot rates prevailing on the reporting date and the resultant gains or losses are recognised during the year in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

4.10.4 Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates at the date of transaction. The date of transaction is the date on which the Company initially recognises the non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability arising from advance consideration. If there are multiple receipts of payments in advance, the Company determines the transaction date for each payment or receipt of advance consideration.

Foreign Branch Operations

4.10.5 Income and expenditure transactions are translated to functional currency using monthly moving average exchange rate.

4.10.6 Monetary assets and liabilities of foreign branch as at the reporting date are translated to the functional currency spot rates prevailing on the reporting date and the resultant gains or losses are recognised during the year in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

4.10.7 Non-monetary items of foreign branch are carried at historical cost denominated in foreign currency and are reported using the exchange rates at the transaction date.

4.11 Borrowing Costs

4.11.1 Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction, production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of that asset which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. The Company determines the amount of borrowing cost eligible for capitalisation by applying capitalisation rate to the expenditure incurred on such cost. The capitalisation rate is determined based on the weighted average rate of borrowing cost applicable to the borrowings of the Company which are outstanding during the period, other than borrowings made specifically towards purchase of the qualifying asset. The amount of borrowing cost that the Company capitalises during the period does not exceed the amount of borrowing cost incurred during that period. All other borrowings costs are expensed in the period in which they occur.

4.11.2 Borrowing cost include interest computed using Effective Interest Rate method, interest on lease liabilities, amortisation of ancillary costs incurred and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

4.12 Earnings per Share

4.12.1 Basic Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit/(loss) attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares including un-allotted bonus shares outstanding during the year.

4.12.2 Diluted Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit / (loss) attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares including un-allotted bonus shares outstanding during the year and potential equity shares arising out of employee stock options.

4.12.3 Where an item of income or expense which is otherwise required to be recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss is debited or credited to Equity, the amount in respect thereof is suitably adjusted in Net profit for the purpose of computing Earnings per share.

4.13 Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

4.13.1 The carrying amount of assets i.e property, plant and equipment including right-of-use asset, investment properties, cash generating units and intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment at each reporting date, if there is any indication of impairment based on internal and external factors.

4.13.2 Non-financial assets are treated as impaired when the carrying amount of such asset exceeds its recoverable value. After recognition of impairment loss, the depreciation for the said assets is provided for remaining useful life based on the revised carrying amount, less its residual value if any, on straight line basis.

4.13.3 An impairment loss is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired.

4.13.4 An impairment loss is reversed when there is an indication that the impairment loss may no longer exist or may have decreased.

4.14 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

4.14.1 Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.

4.14.2 Provisions are discounted if the effect of the time value of money is material, using pre-tax rates that reflects the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, an increase in the provisions due to the passage of time is recognised as finance cost. These provisions are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

4.14.3 The Company provides for the estimated expenses at fair value that are required to restore mines. The estimated restoration expenses are determined based on the estimated mineral reserves available. The actual expenses may vary based on the nature of restoration and estimate of restoration expenses. Mines restoration expenses are incurred on an on-going basis until the closure of mines. The total estimate of restoration expenses is reviewed periodically, on the basis of technical estimates and expected timing of these costs. The provision for this expense is included under “Cost of materials consumed” to the extent such mineral reserves were used in the production. The unwinding of the discount on provision is shown as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

4.14.4 Insurance claims are accounted on the basis of claims admitted or expected to be admitted and to the extent

that the amount recoverable can be measured reliably and it is reasonable to expect ultimate collection. Any subsequent change in the recoverability is provided for. Contingent Assets are not recognised.

4.14.5 Contingent liability is a possible obligation that may arise from past events and its existence will be confirmed only by occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and the same are not recognised but disclosed in the Financial Statements.

4.15 Intangible Assets

4.15.1 The costs incurred in connection with securing right to extract mineral reserves are capitalised under “Mining Rights” and the costs of stripping overburden to gain access to limestone deposits and the present value of restoration liability, if materially significant, to the extent of exposed overburden area are capitalised under “Mine Development”

4.15.2 The costs of computer software acquired and its subsequent improvements are capitalised. Internally generated software is not capitalized and the expenditure is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

4.15.3 The cost incurred for right to un-restricted usage of power transmission system for sale of power from Company’s captive thermal power plants to State grid and for drawal of power from State grid to its plant were capitalized as the Company is expected to yield future economic benefits.

4.15.4 Intangible Assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses if any, and are amortised over their estimated useful life based on straight line method. The estimated useful lives of intangible assets are assessed by the internal technical team as detailed below:

Nature of Intangible assets	Estimated useful life
Mining rights	Over the period of mining lease
Mine Development	Unit of production method
Computer software	6 years
Power transmission system	5 years

4.15.5 The intangible assets that are under development phase are carried at cost including related expenses and attributable interest, and are recognised as “Intangible assets under development”.

4.15.6 The residual values, useful lives and methods of amortisation of intangible asset are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

4.16 Investment Properties

4.16.1 An investment in land or buildings both furnished and unfurnished, which are held for earning rentals or capital appreciation or both rather than for use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes or sale in the ordinary course of business, are classified as investment properties.

4.16.2 Investment properties are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any except freehold land which is carried at cost.

4.16.3 The Company identifies the significant parts of investment properties separately which are required to be replaced at intervals. Such parts are depreciated separately based on their specific useful lives determined on best estimate basis upon technical advice. The cost of replacement of significant parts are capitalised and the carrying amount of replaced parts are de-recognised. Other expenses including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts that does not meet the capitalisation criteria, are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

4.16.4 Depreciation on investment properties are calculated on straight-line method based on useful life of the significant parts as detailed below, that are different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013:

Asset type	Useful life ranging from
Buildings under Investment properties	3 to 60 years

4.16.5 Investment properties are eliminated from the Financial Statements on disposal or when no further benefit is expected from its use and disposal. Gains or losses arising from disposal, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such investment properties, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Amount received

towards investment properties that are impaired and derecognized in the Financial Statements, are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss, when the recognition criteria are met.

4.16.6 The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of investment properties are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

4.17 Operating Segments

Operating segments are identified on the basis of nature and usage of products and reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to Chief Operating Decision Maker. The Company’s business operation comprises of single operating segment viz., cement and cementious materials.

4.18 Financial Instruments

4.18.1 A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

4.18.2 Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in the Balance sheet when and only when the Company has a legal right to offset the recognised amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

4.18.3 The Company initially determines the classification of financial assets and liabilities. After initial recognition, no re-classification is made for financial assets which are categorised as equity instruments at FVTOCI and financial assets / liabilities that are specifically designated as FVTPL. However, other financial assets are re-classifiable when there is a change in the business model of the Company. When the Company reclassifies the financial assets, such reclassifications are done prospectively from the first day of the immediately next reporting period. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses including impairment gains or losses or interest.

Financial Assets

4.18.4 Financial assets comprise of investments in equity and mutual funds, trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents and other financial assets.

4.18.5 Depending on the business model (i.e) nature of transactions for managing those financial assets and its contractual cash flow characteristics, the

financial assets are initially measured at fair value and subsequently measured and classified at:

a) Amortised cost; or

b) Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI); or

c) Fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Amortised cost represents carrying amount on initial recognition at fair value plus or minus transaction cost.

4.18.6 Financial assets are measured at FVTPL except for those financial assets whose contractual terms give rise to cash flows on specified dates that represents solely payments of principal and interest thereon, are measured as detailed below depending on the business model:

Classification	Business Model
Amortised cost	The objective of the Company is to hold and collect the contractual cash flows till maturity. In other words, the Company do not intend to sell the instrument before its contractual maturity to realise its fair value changes.
FVTOCI	The objective of the Company is to collect its contractual cash flows and selling financial assets.
The Company has accounted for its investments in subsidiaries and associates at cost. The Company has exercised an irrevocable option at time of initial recognition to measure the changes in fair value of other equity investments at FVTOCI. Accordingly, the Company classifies its financial assets for measurement as below:
Classification	Name of Financial Assets
Amortised cost	Trade receivables, Loans and advances to subsidiaries, associates, employees and related parties, deposits, I PA receivable, interest receivable, unbilled revenue and other advances recoverable in cash or kind.
FVTOCI	Equity investments in companies other than Subsidiary & Associate as an option exercised at the time of initial recognition.
FVTPL	Investments in mutual funds, forward exchange contracts.

4.18.7 Financial assets are derecognised (i.e) removed from the Financial Statements, when its contractual rights to the cash flows expire or upon transfer of the said assets. The Company also derecognises when it has an obligation to adjust the cash flows arising from the financial asset with third party and either upon transfer of:

a) significant risk and rewards of the financial asset, or

b) control of the financial asset

However, the Company continue to recognise the transferred financial asset and its associated liability to the extent of its continuing involvement, which are measured on the basis of retainment of its rights and obligations of financial asset.

4.18.8 Upon derecognition of its financial asset or part thereof, the difference between the carrying amount measured at the date of recognition and the consideration received including any new asset obtained less any new liability assumed shall be recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

4.18.9 For impairment purposes, significant financial assets are tested on individual basis at each reporting date. Other financial assets are assessed collectively in groups that share similar credit risk characteristics. Accordingly, the impairment testing is done retrospectively on the following basis:

Name of Financial asset

Impairment testing methodology

Trade receivables

Expected Credit Loss model (ECL) is applied. The ECL over lifetime of the assets are estimated by using a provision matrix which is based on historical loss rates reflecting current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions which are grouped on the basis of similar credit characteristics such as nature of industry, customer segment, past due status and other factors that are relevant to estimate the expected cash loss from these assets.

Name of Financial asset

Impairment testing methodology

Other Financial assets

When the credit risk has not increased significantly, 12 month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. When there is significant change in credit risk since initial recognition, the impairment is measured based on probability of default over the life time. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12 month ECL.

Financial Liabilities

4.18.10 Financial liabilities comprise of Borrowings from Banks, Non-convertible debentures, Soft loan / Interest free loan from Government, Trade payables, Lease Liabilities, Derivative financial instruments, Financial guarantee obligation and other financial liabilities.

4.18.11 The Company measures its financial liabilities as below:

Measurement basis	Name of Financial liabilities
Amortised cost	Borrowings, Soft Loan/Interest free loan from Government, Trade payables, Lease Liabilities, Interest accrued, Unclaimed dividends, Security deposits, Mines restoration obligation and other financial liabilities not for trading.
FVTPL	Foreign exchange Forward contracts being derivative contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting under Ind AS 109 and other financial liabilities held for trading.

4.18.12 Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Transaction cost of financial guarantee contracts that are directly attributable to the issuance of the

guarantee are recognised initially as a liability at fair value. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognised less cumulative amortization.

4.18.13 Financial liabilities are derecognised when and only when it is extinguished (i.e) when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expired.

4.18.14 Upon derecognition of its financial liabilities or part thereof, the difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

4.19 Fair value measurement

4.19.1 Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

4.19.2 The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that the market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that the market participants act in the economic best interest.

4.19.3 All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured and disclosed in the Financial Statements are categorised within fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole. The fair value hierarchy is described as below:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

4.19.4 For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the Balance sheet on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorisation at the end of each reporting period (i.e) based on the

lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole.

4.19.5 For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined the classes of assets and liabilities based on the nature, characteristics and risks of the assets or liabilities and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

4.19.6 The basis for fair value determination for measurement and / or disclosure purposes is detailed below:

Investments in Equity / Mutual Funds

The fair value is determined by reference to their quoted prices at the reporting date. In the absence of the quoted price, the fair value of the equity is measured using valuation techniques.

Trade and other receivables

The fair value is estimated as the present value of the future cash flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the reporting date. However, the fair value generally approximates the carrying amount due to the short term nature of such assets.

Forward exchange contracts

The fair value of forward exchange contracts is based on the quoted price if available; otherwise it is estimated by discounting the difference between contractual forward price and current forward price for the residual maturity of the contract using government bond rates.

Non-derivative financial liabilities

The fair value of non-derivative financial liabilities viz., soft loan from government, deferred sales tax liability, borrowings are determined for disclosure purposes calculated based on the present value of future principal and interest cash flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the reporting date.

Financial guarantee obligation

The fair value of financial guarantee obligation with reference to loan availed by subsidiary/associates is determined on the basis of estimated cost involved in securing equivalent size of the guarantees from bank.

Investment Properties

The fair value is determined for disclosure purposes based on an annual evaluation performed by an internal technical team measured using the technique of quoted prices for similar assets in the active markets and further moderated by market corroborated inputs.

5. Amendments to the existing Accounting Standards effective from 01-04-2021 onwards

The details of amendments to the existing standards that are relevant to the Company with effect from 01-04-2021 are given below:

(a) Conceptual framework for financial reporting under Ind AS issued by ICAI

The Framework is not a standard and it does not override any specific standard. Therefore, this does not form part of a set of standards pronounced by the standard-setters. While the Framework is primarily meant for the standard-setter for formulating the standards, it has relevance to the preparers in certain situations such as to develop consistent accounting policies for areas that are not covered by a standard or where there is a choice of accounting policy, and to assist all parties to understand and interpret the Standards.

The MCA has notified the Amendments to Ind AS, consequential to Conceptual Framework under Ind AS vide notification dated 18-06-2021 applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 01-04-2021.

These amendments had no impact on the Financial Statements of the Company.

(b) Amendments to Ind AS 105, Ind AS 16 and Ind AS 28

The definition of ‘Recoverable amount’ is amended such that the words ‘the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and its value in use’ are replaced with ‘higher of an asset’s fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use’

These amendments had no impact on the Financial Statements of the Company.

6. Significant Estimates and Judgements

The preparation of the Financial Statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Actual results could vary from these estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an on-going basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision effects only that period or in the period of the revision or future periods, if the revision affects both current and future years.

Accordingly, the management has applied the following estimates / assumptions / judgements in preparation and presentation of Financial Statements:

Current Taxes

Calculations of income taxes for the current period are done based on applicable tax laws and management’s judgement by evaluating positions taken in tax returns and interpretations of relevant provisions of law and applicable judicial precedents.

Deferred Tax Asset

Significant management judgement is exercised by reviewing the deferred tax assets at each reporting date to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be retained / recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Intangible Assets and Investment Properties

The residual values and estimated useful life of PPEs, Intangible Assets and Investment Properties are assessed by the technical team at each reporting date by taking into account the nature of asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating condition of the asset, past history of replacement and maintenance support. Upon review, the management accepts the assigned useful life and residual value for computation of depreciation/amortisation. Also, management judgement is exercised for classifying the asset as investment properties or vice versa.

Revenue Recognition

Significant management judgement is exercised in determining the transaction price and discounts to customer which is based on market factors namely demand and supply. The Company offers credit period to customers for which there is no financing component.

Defined Benefit Plans and Other long term benefits

The cost of the defined benefit plan and other long term benefits, and the present value of such obligation are determined by the independent actuarial valuer. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in future. Management believes that the assumptions used by the actuary in determination of the discount rate, future salary increases, mortality rates and attrition rates are reasonable. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long term nature, this obligation

is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

Determination of lease term of contracts as noncancellable term

Significant management judgement is exercised in determining the lease term as non-cance

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Mar 31, 2021

1. Corporate Information

The Ramco Cements Limited (“the Company”) is a Public Limited company domiciled and headquartered in India and incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act 1956. The Registered office of the Company is located at “Ramamandiram”, Rajapalayam - 626 117, Tamilnadu. The Company’s shares are listed in BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited.

The Company is engaged in manufacture of Cement, Ready Mix Concrete and Dry Mortar products. The Company caters mainly to the domestic markets. The Company also sells cement in Srilanka through its branch operations and in Maldives through merchant exports. The Company is also engaged in sale of surplus electricity generated from its windmills after meeting its captive requirements.

The financial statements of the Company for the year were approved and adopted by Board of Directors of the Company in their meeting dated 24-05-2021.

2. Statement of Ind AS Compliance

The financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015, as amended from time to time.

3. Basis of Preparation of Separate Financial Statements

3.1 The significant accounting policies used in preparing the financial statements are set out in Note No.4.

3.2 The Company has considered its operating cycle to be 12 months for the purpose of Current and Non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

3.3 An asset is classified as current when it is expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in the normal operating cycle, or held primarily for the purpose of trading or expected to be realised within 12 months after the reporting period, or cash or cash equivalents unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability 12 months after the reporting period. All other assets are classified as non-current.

3.4 A liability is classified as current when it is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle, or held primarily for the purpose of trading or due for settlement within

12 months after the reporting period, or there is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period. All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

3.5 The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is the Company’s functional currency, rounded to the nearest Crores with two decimals. The amount below the round off norm adopted by the Company is denoted as '' 0.00 Crores.

3.6 Previous year figures have been regrouped / restated, wherever necessary and appropriate.

Basis of Measurement

3.7 The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis under historical cost convention except for certain financial instruments (Refer Note No. 4.18 -Accounting Policy for Financial Instruments), defined benefit plan assets and employee stock options which are measured at fair value.

4. Significant Accounting Policies

4.1 Inventories

4.1.1 Raw-materials, Stores & Spares, Fuel, Packing materials etc., are valued at cost, computed on a moving weighted average basis including the cost incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition after providing for obsolescence and other losses or net realisable value whichever is lower. However, these items are considered to be realisable at cost, if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost.

4.1.2 Process stock is valued at weighted average cost including the cost of conversion with systematic allocation of production overheads based on normal capacity of production facilities but excluding borrowing cost, or net realisable value whichever is lower. Factory administration overheads to the extent attributable to bring the inventories to their present location and condition are also included in the valuation of Process stock.

Finished goods are valued at cost or net realisable value whichever is lower. Cost includes cost of conversion with systematic allocation of production overheads based on normal capacity of production facilities and other costs but excluding borrowing cost, incurred in bringing the inventory to their present

location and condition. Finished goods include stock-intrade also which comprises cost of purchase and other cost incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

4.2 Statement of Cash Flows

4.2.1 Cash flows are presented using indirect method, whereby profit / (loss) before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments.

4.2.2 Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances with original maturity of less than 3 months, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash, which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

4.2.3 Bank borrowings are generally considered to be financing activities. However, where bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand form an integral part of an entity’s cash management, bank overdrafts are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of Statement of Cash flows.

4.3 Dividend distribution to Equity shareholders

Interim dividend paid is recognised on approval by Board of Directors. Final dividend distribution to shareholders is recognised in the period in which the dividends are approved by the shareholders. Dividend together with applicable TDS are recognised directly in Equity.

4.4 Income Taxes

4.4.1 Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the applicable tax rates, the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws including the relevant transfer pricing regulations prescribed thereunder, read with applicable judicial precedents or interpretations, wherever relevant.

4.4.2 Current tax assets and liabilities are offset, when the Company has legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and intends to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.

4.4.3 Deferred tax is recognised using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting at the reporting date.

4.4.4 Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the

form of adjustment to future tax liability, is recognised as an asset viz. MAT Credit Entitlement, to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal Income tax and it is highly probable that future economic benefits associated with it will flow to the Company during the specified period. The Company reviews the “MAT Credit Entitlement” at each Balance Sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of the same to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that the Company will pay normal Income tax during the specified period. The MAT Credit Entitlement being unused tax credits that are carried forward by the Company for a specified period, is grouped under Deferred Tax.

4.4.5 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year where the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

4.4.6 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by same governing tax laws and the Company has legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities.

4.4.7 Both current tax and deferred tax relating to items recognised outside the Profit or Loss is recognised either in “Other Comprehensive Income” or directly in “Equity” as the case may be.

4.5 Property, plant and equipments (PPE)

4.5.1. PPEs are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses if any, except freehold land which is carried at cost. The cost comprises of purchase price, import duties, non-refundable purchase taxes (net of tax credits wherever applicable), borrowing cost if capitalisation criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.

Subsequent expenditures are recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Spares which meet the definition of PPE are capitalised from the date when it is available for use. Other expenses on fixed assets, including day-today repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts that does not meet the capitalisation criteria are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

The company identifies the significant parts of plant and equipment separately which are required to be replaced at intervals. Such parts are depreciated separately

based on their specific useful lives. The cost of replacement of significant parts are capitalised and the carrying amount of replaced parts are de-recognised.

The cost of major inspection / overhauling is recognised in the carrying amount of the item of PPE as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. Any remaining carrying amount of the cost of the previous inspection/overhauling (as distinct from physical parts) is de-recognised.

The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of PPE after its use, if materially significant, is included in the cost of the respective asset when the recognition criteria are met.

Capital Expenditure on tangible assets for research and development is classified as PPE and is depreciated based on the estimated useful life. Other expenditure incurred for research and development are expensed under the respective heads of accounts in the year in which it is incurred.

4.5.2 The Company follows the useful lives of the significant parts of certain class of PPE on best estimate basis upon technical advice, as detailed below, that are different from the useful lives prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013:

Asset type	Useful life ranging from
Buildings	3 to 60 years
Plant and equipments
- Cement	2 to 60 years
- Ready mix concrete	10 to 25 years
- Dry mortar products	5 to 25 years
Thermal power plants	5 to 60 years
Windmills	5 to 30 years
Workshop and Quarry equipments	8 to 25 years
Mobile Phones	3 years
Motor cars given to employees as per company’s scheme	6 to 7 years

4.5.3 PPE acquired in full or part exchange for another asset are recorded at the fair market value or the net book value of the asset given up, adjusted for any balancing cash transaction. Fair market value is determined either for the assets acquired or asset given up, whichever is more clearly evident.

4.5.4 PPEs are eliminated from the financial statements on disposal or when no further benefit is expected from its use and disposal. Gains or losses arising from disposal, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such assets, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Amount received towards PPE that are impaired and derecognized in the financial statements, are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss, when the recognition criteria are met.

4.5.5 Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an asset over its useful life on a straight line method. The depreciable amount for assets is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less 5% being its residual value, except for process control systems whose residual value is considered as Nil.

4.5.6 Depreciation for PPE on additions is calculated on pro-rata basis from the date of such additions. For deletion/disposals, the depreciation is calculated on pro-rata basis up to the date on which such assets have been discarded / sold.

4.5.7 The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

Capital Work in progress / Capital Advances

4.5.8 Capital work in progress includes cost of property, plant and equipment under installation, under development including related expenses and attributable interest as at the reporting date.

4.5.9 Advances given towards acquisition / construction of PPE outstanding at the reporting date are disclosed as ‘Capital Advances’ under ‘Other Non-Current Assets’

4.6 Leases

4.6.1 The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception date whether fulfilment of arrangement is dependent on the use of an underlying asset and the arrangement conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Company as a Lessee

4.6.2 The company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date for all leases whose non-cancellable leases is more than 12 months. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

4.6.3 The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term.

4.6.4 The estimated useful lives of right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those of property,

plant and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain re-measurements of the lease liability.

4.6.5 The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, company’s incremental borrowing rate.

4.6.6 Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following:

(a) Fixed payments,

(b) Variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the commencement date

(c) Amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee

(d) The exercise price under a purchase option that the company is reasonably certain to exercise, lease payments in an optional renewal period if the company is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option, and penalties for early termination of a lease unless the company is reasonably certain not to terminate early

4.6.7 The lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the company’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option.

4.6.8 When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset, or is recorded in the Statement of Profit or Loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.

4.6.9 The Company presents right-of-use assets that do not meet the definition of investment property in ‘Property, Plant and Equipment’ and Lease liabilities as a separate line item on face of the Balance sheet.

4.6.10 The Company has opted not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less. The company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Company as a Lessor

4.6.11 The lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially

vests with the Lessor are recognised as operating lease. Operating lease receipts are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on straight line basis over the lease terms except where the payments are structured to increase in line with the general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases. The Company do not have any finance leases arrangements.

4.7 Revenue Recognition

4.7.1 Revenue from Operations

Sale of Products

Revenue from product sales is recognized when the company transfers control of the product to customers at a point in time. The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods to the customer. The Company provides discounts to customers on the achievement of the performance criteria based on agreed terms and conditions. There is no significant financing component with regard to sale of products for the company as per Ind AS 115. The company do not have any non-cash consideration.

Power generated from Windmills

Power generated from windmills that are covered under power purchase agreement with TANGEDCO are recognised at the rate fixed by respective State Electricity Regulatory Commissions, upon transmission of energy to the grids of the State Electricity Board and the same is classified as “Sale of power generated from windmills.

Power generated from windmills that are covered under wheeling & banking arrangement with TANGEDCO, KPTCL & BESCOM are consumed at factories. The monetary values of such power generated that are captively consumed are not recognised as revenue.

Scrap sales

Scrap sales is recognized when the Company transfers control of the product to customers.

4.72 Other Income

Interest income is recognised using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period where appropriate, the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability.

Dividend income is recognised when the Company’s right to receive dividend is established.

Rental income from operating lease on investment properties is recognised on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease.

4.8 Employee Benefits

4.8.1 Short-term employee benefits viz., Salaries and Wages are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the related service is rendered.

4.8.2 Defined Contribution Plan viz., Contributions to Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the employees have rendered services.

4.8.3 The Company contributes monthly to Employees’ Provident Fund & Employees’Pension Fund administered by the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation, Government of India, at 12% of employee’s basic salary. The Company has no further obligations.

4.8.4 The Company contributes for Superannuation Fund, a sum equivalent to 15% of the officer’s eligible annual basic salary. Out of the said 15% contribution, a sum upto '' 1.50 Lacs per annum is remitted to the superannuation fund trust administered by the Company. The funds are managed by HDFC Life Insurance. The balance amount, if any, is either remitted to National Pension System (NPS) subject to applicable ceiling or paid as salary at the option of employees. There are no further obligations in respect of the above contribution plan.

4.8.5 The Company contributes to Defined Benefit Plan viz., an approved Gratuity Fund, for its employees including employees in subsidiary company. It is in the form of lump sum payments to vested employees on resignation, retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment, for an amount equivalent to 15 days’ basic salary for each completed year of service. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of continuous service. Based on the Actuarial Valuation by an independent external actuary, the Company makes annual contributions to the trust administered by the company as at the reporting date using Projected Unit Credit method. The funds are managed by LIC of India.

4.8.6 The Company provides for expenses towards compensated absences provided to its employees. The expense is recognized at the present value of the amount payable determined based on an independent external actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date, using Projected Unit Credit method. The Company presents the entire compensated absences as ‘Short-term provisions’ since employee has an unconditional right to avail the leave at any time during the year.

4.8.7 Remeasurement of net defined benefit asset / liability comprising of actuarial gains or losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged / credited to other comprehensive income in the period in which

they arise and immediately transferred to retained earnings. Other costs are accounted in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Employee Stock options

4.8.8 The employees of the Company are entitled for grant of stock options based on the eligibility criteria set out in ESOS 2018, as determined by Nomination & Remuneration committee (NRC). The fair value of the equity settled stock options granted to employees are measured by an independent valuer using Black-Scholes Model.

4.8.9 The fair value determined at the grant date of the option is expensed on a straight-line basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss as ‘Employee Benefits Expense, over the vesting period of the option, based on the Company’s estimate of stock options that will eventually vest, with a corresponding increase in equity,

4.8.10 At the end of each reporting period, the Company revises its estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss such that the cumulative expense reflects the revised estimate, with a corresponding adjustment to the Employee Stock Options Reserve.

4.8.11 When the options are exercised, the Company issues fresh issue of equity shares upon receipt of exercise price from the employees. The proceeds received are allocated to share capital upto the face value of shares issued, with any excess being accounted as Securities Premium in the Balance Sheet.

4.8.12 In case of forfeiture/lapse of stock option, which is not vested, then to such extent, expenses shall be reversed in Statement of Profit and Loss and if expires unexercised, the related balance standing to the credit of the Employee Stock Options Reserve Account is transferred within other equity.

4.9 Government Grants

4.9.1 Government grants are recognised at fair value

where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all the attached conditions are complied with.

4.9.2 In case of revenue related grant, the income is

recognised on a systematic basis over the period for which it is intended to compensate an expense and is disclosed under “Other operating revenue” or netted off against corresponding expenses wherever appropriate. Receivables of such grants are shown under “Other Financial Assets’.’ Export benefits are accounted for in the year of exports based on eligibility and when there is no uncertainty in receiving the same. Receivables of such benefits are shown under “Other Financial Assets.

4.9.3 The soft loan from government is recognised and measured in accordance with Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments. The benefit of soft loan from government at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant and classified as “Deferred Grant’.’ It is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan determined in accordance with Ind AS 109, and the proceeds received. The said deferred grant is amortized over the useful life of the underlying asset.

4.10 Foreign currency transactions

4.10.1 The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is also the Company’s functional currency.

4.10.2 All transactions in foreign currency are recorded on initial recognition at their functional currency exchange rates prevailing on that date.

4.10.3 Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies outstanding at the reporting date are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the reporting date and the resultant gains or losses are recognised during the year in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

4.10.4 Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates at the date of transaction.

Foreign Branch Operations

4.10.5 Income and expenditure transactions are translated to functional currency using monthly moving average exchange rate.

4.10.6 Monetary assets and liabilities of foreign branch as at the reporting date are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the reporting date and the resultant gains or losses are recognised during the year in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

4.10.7 Non-monetary items of foreign branch are carried at historical cost denominated in foreign currency and are reported using the exchange rates at the transaction date.

4.11 Borrowing Costs

4.11.1 Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction, production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of that asset which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. The Company determines the amount of borrowing cost eligible for capitalisation by applying capitalisation rate to the expenditure incurred on such cost. The capitalisation rate is determined based on the weighted average rate of borrowing cost applicable to the borrowings of the Company which are

outstanding during the period, other than borrowings made specifically towards purchase of the qualifying asset. The amount of borrowing cost that the Company capitalises during the period does not exceed the amount of borrowing cost incurred during that period. All other borrowings costs are expensed in the period in which they occur.

4.11.2 Borrowing cost include interest computed using Effective Interest Rate method, interest on lease liabilities, amortisation of ancillary costs incurred and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

4.12 Earnings per Share

4.12.1 Basic Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit/(loss) attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares including un-allotted bonus shares outstanding during the year.

4.12.2 Diluted Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit/(loss) attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares including un-allotted bonus shares outstanding during the year and potential equity shares arising out of employee stock options.

4.12.3 Where an item of income or expense which is otherwise required to be recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss is debited or credited to Equity, the amount in respect thereof is suitably adjusted in Net profit for the purpose of computing Earnings per share.

4.13 Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

4.13.1 The carrying values of assets include property, plant and equipment, investment properties, cash generating units and intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment at each reporting date, if there is any indication of impairment based on internal and external factors.

4.13.2 Non-financial assets are treated as impaired when the carrying amount of such asset exceeds its recoverable value. After recognition of impairment loss, the depreciation for the said assets is provided for remaining useful life based on the revised carrying amount, less its residual value if any, on straight line basis.

4.13.3 An impairment loss is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired.

4.13.4 An impairment loss is reversed when there is an indication that the impairment loss may no longer exist or may have decreased.

4.14 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

4.14.1 Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.

4.14.2 Provisions are discounted if the effect of the time value of money is material, using pre-tax rates that reflects the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, an increase in the provisions due to the passage of time is recognised as finance cost. These provisions are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

4.14.3 The Company provides for the estimated expenses at fair value that are required to restore mines. The estimated restoration expenses are determined based on the estimated mineral reserves available. The actual expenses may vary based on the nature of restoration and estimate of restoration expenses. Mines restoration expenses are incurred on an on-going basis until the closure of mines. The total estimate of restoration expenses is reviewed periodically, on the basis of technical estimates and expected timing of these costs. The provision for this expense is included under “Cost of materials consumed” to the extent such mineral reserves were used in the production. The unwinding of the discount on provision is shown as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

4.14.4 Insurance claims are accounted on the basis of claims admitted or expected to be admitted and to the extent that the amount recoverable can be measured reliably and it is reasonable to expect ultimate collection. Any subsequent change in the recoverability is provided for. Contingent Assets are not recognised.

4.14.5 Contingent liability is a possible obligation that may arise from past events and its existence will be confirmed only by occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and the same are not recognised but disclosed in the financial statements.

4.15 Intangible Assets

4.15.1 The costs incurred in connection with securing right to extract mineral reserves are capitalised under “Mining Rights” and the costs of stripping overburden to gain access to limestone deposits and the present value of restoration liability, if materially significant, to the extent of exposed overburden area are capitalised under “Mine Development”.

4.15.2 The costs of computer software acquired and its subsequent improvements are capitalised. Internally generated software is not capitalized and the expenditure is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

4.15.3 The cost incurred for right to un-restricted usage of power transmission system for sale of power from Company’s captive thermal power plants to State grid and for drawal of power from State grid to its plant were capitalized as the Company is expected to yield future economic benefits.

4.15.4 Intangible Assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses if any and are amortised over their estimated useful life based on straight line method. The estimated useful lives of intangible assets are assessed by the internal technical team as detailed below:

Nature of Intangible assets	Estimated useful life
Mining rights	Over the period of mining lease
Mine Development	Unit of production method
Computer software	6 years
Power transmission system	5 years

4.15.5 The intangible assets that are under development phase are carried at cost including related expenses and attributable interest, and are recognised as Intangible assets under development.

4.15.6 The residual values, useful lives and methods of amortisation of intangible asset are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

4.16 Investment Properties

4.16.1 An investment in land or buildings both furnished and unfurnished, which are held for earning rentals or capital appreciation or both rather than for use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes or sale in the ordinary course of business, are classified as investment properties.

4.16.2 Investment properties are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any except freehold land which is carried at cost.

4.16.3 The company identifies the significant parts of investment properties separately which are required to be replaced at intervals. Such parts are depreciated separately based on their specific useful lives determined on best estimate basis upon technical advice. The cost of replacement of significant parts are capitalised and the carrying amount of replaced parts are de-recognised. Other expenses including day-today repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts that does not meet the capitalisation

criteria, are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

4.16.4 Depreciation on investment properties are calculated on straight-line method based on useful life of the significant parts as detailed below, that are different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013:

Asset type	Useful life ranging from
Buildings under Investment properties	3 to 60 years

4.16.5 Investment properties are eliminated from the financial statements on disposal or when no further benefit is expected from its use and disposal. Gains or losses arising from disposal, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such investment properties, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Amount received towards investment properties that are impaired and derecognized in the financial statements, are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss, when the recognition criteria are met.

4.16.6 The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of investment properties are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

4.17 Operating Segments

The Company’s business operation comprises of single operating segment viz., cement and cementitious materials. Operating segment has been identified on the basis of nature of products and reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to Chief Operating Decision Maker.

4.18 Financial Instruments

4.18.1 A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

4.18.2 Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in the Balance sheet when and only when the Company has a legal right to offset the recognised amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

4.18.3 The Company initially determines the classification of financial assets and liabilities. After initial recognition,

no re-classification is made for financial assets which are categorised as equity instruments at FVTOCI and financial assets / liabilities that are specifically designated as FVTPL. However, other financial assets are re-classifiable when there is a change in the business model of the Company. When the Company reclassifies the financial assets, such reclassifications are done prospectively from the first day of the immediately next reporting period. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses including impairment gains or losses or interest.

Financial Assets

4.18.4 Financial assets comprise of investments in equity and mutual funds, trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents and other financial assets.

4.18.5 Depending on the business model (i.e) nature of transactions for managing those financial assets and its contractual cash flow characteristics, the financial assets are initially measured at fair value and subsequently measured and classified at:

a) Amortised cost; or

b) Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI); or

c) Fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Amortised cost represents carrying amount on initial recognition at fair value plus or minus transaction cost.

4.18.6 Financial assets are measured at FVTPL except for those financial assets whose contractual terms give rise to cash flows on specified dates that represents solely payments of principal and interest thereon, are measured as detailed below depending on the business model:

Classification	Business Model
Amortised cost	The objective of the Company is to hold and collect the contractual cash flows till maturity. In other words, the Company do not intend to sell the instrument before its contractual maturity to realise its fair value changes.
FVTOCI	The objective of the Company is to collect its contractual cash flows and selling financial assets.

The Company has accounted for its investments in subsidiaries and associates at cost.

The Company has exercised an irrevocable option at time of initial recognition to measure the changes in fair value of other equity investments at FVTOCI. Accordingly, the Company classifies its financial assets for measurement as below:

Classification	Name of Financial Assets
Amortised cost	Trade receivables, Loans and advances to subsidiaries, associates, employees and related parties, deposits, I PA receivable, interest receivable, unbilled revenue and other advances recoverable in cash or kind.
FVTOCI	Equity investments in companies other than Subsidiary & Associate as an option exercised at the time of initial recognition.
FVTPL	Investments in mutual funds, forward exchange contracts.

4.18.7 Financial assets are derecognised (i.e) removed from the financial statements, when its contractual rights to the cash flows expire or upon transfer of the said assets. The Company also derecognises when it has an obligation to adjust the cash flows arising from the financial asset with third party and either upon transfer of:

a) significant risk and rewards of the financial asset, or

b) control of the financial asset

However, the Company continue to recognise the transferred financial asset and its associated liability to the extent of its continuing involvement, which are measured on the basis of retainment of its rights and obligations of financial asset.

4.18.8 Upon derecognition of its financial asset or part thereof, the difference between the carrying amount measured at the date of recognition and the consideration received including any new asset obtained less any new liability assumed shall be recognised in the Statement of

4.18.9 For impairment purposes, significant financial assets are tested on individual basis at each reporting date. Other financial assets are assessed collectively in groups that share similar credit risk characteristics.

Accordingly, the impairment testing is done retrospectively on the following basis:

Name of Financial asset	Impairment testing methodology
Trade receivables	Expected Credit Loss model (ECL) is applied. The ECL over lifetime of the assets are estimated by using a provision matrix which is based on historical loss rates reflecting current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions which are grouped on the basis of similar credit characteristics such as nature of industry, customer segment, past due status and other factors that are relevant to estimate the expected cash loss from these assets.
Other Financial assets	When the credit risk has not increased significantly, 12 month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. When there is significant change in credit risk since initial recognition, the impairment is measured based on probability of default over the life time. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12 month ECL.

Financial Liabilities

L18.10 Financial liabilities comprise of Borrowings from Banks, Non-convertible debentures, Soft loan / Interest free loan from Government, Trade payables, Lease Liabilities, Derivative financial instruments, Financial guarantee obligation and other financial liabilities.

4.18.11 The Company measures its financial liabilities as below:
Measurement basis	Name of Financial liabilities
Amortised cost	Borrowings, Soft Loan/Interest free loan from Government, Trade payables, Lease Liabilities, Interest accrued, Unclaimed dividends, Security deposits, Mines restoration obligation and other financial liabilities not for trading,
FVTPL	Foreign exchange Forward contracts being derivative contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting under Ind AS 109 and other financial liabilities held for trading.

4.18.12 Financial guarantee contracts issued by the company are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Transaction cost of financial guarantee contracts that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee are recognised initially as a liability at fair value. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognised less cumulative amortization.

4.18.13 Financial liabilities are derecognised when and only when it is extinguished (i.e) when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expired.

4.18.14 Upon derecognition of its financial liabilities or part thereof, the difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

4.19 Fair value measurement

4.19.1 Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

4.19.2 The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that the market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that the market participants act in the economic best interest.

4.19.3 All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured and disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole. The fair value hierarchy is

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

4.19.4 For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the Balance sheet on a recurring basis, the company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorisation at the end of each reporting period (i.e) based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole.

4.19.5 For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the company has determined the classes of assets and liabilities based on the nature, characteristics and risks of the assets or liabilities and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

4.19.6 The basis for fair value determination for measurement and / or disclosure purposes is detailed below:

Investments in Equity / Mutual Funds

The fair value is determined by reference to their quoted prices at the reporting date. In the absence of the quoted price, the fair value of the equity is measured using valuation techniques.

Trade and other receivables

The fair value is estimated as the present value of the future cash flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the reporting date. However, the fair value generally approximates the carrying amount due to the short term nature of such assets.

Forward exchange contracts

The fair value of forward exchange contracts is based on the quoted price if available; otherwise it is estimated by discounting the difference between contractual forward price and current forward price for the residual maturity of the contract using government bond rates.

Non-derivative financial liabilities

The fair value of non-derivative financial liabilities viz, soft loan from government, deferred sales tax liability, borrowings are determined for disclosure purposes calculated based on the present value of future principal and interest cash flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the reporting date.

Financial guarantee obligation

The fair value of financial guarantee obligation with reference to loan availed by subsidiary/associates is

determined on the basis of estimated cost involved in securing equivalent size of the guarantees from bank.

Investment Properties

The fair value is determined for disclosure purposes based on an annual evaluation performed by an internal technical team measured using the technique of quoted prices for similar assets in the active markets and further moderated by market corroborated inputs.

5. Significant Estimates and Judgements

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Actual results could vary from these estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an on-going basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision effects only that period or in the period of the revision or future periods, if the revision affects both current and future years.

The Company has considered the possible effects that may result from the pandemic relating to COVID-19 on the carrying amounts of receivables, inventories, other financial / other non-financial assets. In developing the assumptions relating to the possible future uncertainties in the economic conditions because of this pandemic, the Company, as at the date of approval of these financial statements, has used internal and external sources of information from market sources on the expected future performance of the Company. The impact of COVID-19 on the Company’s financial statements may differ from that estimated as at the date of approval of these financial statements due to prevailing uncertainties.

Accordingly, the management has applied the following estimates / assumptions / judgements in preparation and presentation of financial statements:

Current Taxes

Calculations of income taxes for the current period are done based on applicable tax laws and management’s judgement by evaluating positions taken in tax returns and interpretations of relevant provisions of law and applicable judicial precedents.

Deferred Tax Asset (Including MAT Credit Entitlement)

Significant management judgement is exercised by reviewing the deferred tax assets at each reporting date to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be retained / recognised, based upon the likely

timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Intangible Assets and Investment Properties

The residual values and estimated useful life of PPEs, Intangible Assets and Investment Properties are assessed by the technical team at each reporting date by taking into account the nature of asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating condition of the asset, past history of replacement and maintenance support. Upon review, the management accepts the assigned useful life and residual value for computation of depreciation/amortisation. Also, management judgement is exercised for classifying the asset as investment properties or vice versa.

Revenue Recognition

Significant management judgement is exercised in determining the transaction price and discounts to customer which is based on market factors namely demand and supply. The Company offers credit period to customers for which there is no financing component.

Defined Benefit Plans and Other long term benefits

The cost of the defined benefit plan and other long term benefits, and the present value of such obligation are determined by the independent actuarial valuer. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in future. Management believes that the assumptions used by the actuary in determination of the discount rate, future salary increases, mortality rates and attrition rates are reasonable. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long term nature, this obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

Employee Stock Options

Significant management judgement is exercised in determination of the most appropriate valuation model, most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the expected life of the share option, volatility, dividend yield, risk free rate and the number of options that are expected to vest as at the reporting date. Management believes that the assumptions used by the valuer are reasonable.

Impairment of Non-financial assets (PPE/Intangible Assets/Investment Properties)

The impairment of non-financial assets is determined based on estimation of recoverable amount of such assets. The assumptions used in computing the recoverable amount are based on management judgement considering the timing of future cash flows, discount rates and the risks specific to the asset.

Provisions

The timing of recognition requires application of judgement to existing facts and circumstances that may be subject to change. The litigations and claims to which the company is exposed are assessed by the management and in certain cases with the support of external experts. The amounts are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects the current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability.

Mines Restoration Expenditure

In determining the provision for Mines restoration expenditure, assumptions and estimates are made by the management, in relation to discount rates, the expected mineral reserves, estimated cost to restore the mines and the expected timing of those costs.

Contingent Liabilities

Management judgement is exercised for estimating the possible outflow of resources, if any, in respect of contingencies / claims / litigations against the Company as it is not possible to predict the outcome of pending matters with accuracy.

Mine Development

In determining the allocation of mine development cost based on the uni

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Mar 31, 2019

1. Significant Accounting Policies

1.1 Inventories

1.1.1 Raw-materials, Stores & Spares, Fuel, Packing materials etc., are valued at cost, computed on a moving weighted average basis including the cost incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition after providing for obsolescence and other losses or net realisable value whichever is lower. However, these items are considered to be realisable at cost, if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost.

1.1.2 Process stock is valued at weighted average cost including the cost of conversion with systematic allocation of production overheads based on normal capacity of production facilities but excluding borrowing cost, or net realisable value whichever is lower. Factory administration overheads to the extent attributable to bring the inventories to their present location and condition are also included in the valuation of Process stock.

Finished goods are valued at cost or net realisable value whichever is lower. Cost includes cost of conversion with systematic allocation of production overheads based on normal capacity of production facilities and other costs but excluding borrowing cost, incurred in bringing the inventory to their present location and condition. Finished goods include stock-in-trade also which comprises cost of purchase and other cost incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

2.2 Statement of Cash Flows

2.2.1 Cash flows are presented using indirect method, whereby profit / (loss) before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments.

2.2.2 Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances with original maturity of less than 3 months, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash, which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

2.2.3 Bank borrowings are generally considered to be financing activities. However, where bank overdrafts which are repayable on demand form an integral part of an entity’s cash management, bank overdrafts are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of statement of Cash flow.

3.3 Dividend distribution to Equity shareholders

Final dividend distribution to shareholders is recognised in the period in which the dividends are approved by the shareholders. Any interim dividend paid is recognised on approval by Board of Directors. Dividend together with applicable taxes is recognised directly in Equity.

3.4 Income Taxes

3.4.1 Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the applicable tax rates, the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws including the relevant transfer pricing regulations prescribed thereunder, read with applicable judicial precedents or interpretations, wherever relevant.

3.4.2 Current tax assets and liabilities are offset, when the Company has legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and intends to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.

3.4.3 Deferred tax is recognised using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting at the reporting date.

3.4.4 Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future tax liability, is recognised as an asset viz. MAT Credit Entitlement, to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal Income tax and it is highly probable that future economic benefits associated with it will flow to the Company during the specified period. The Company reviews the “MAT Credit Entitlement” at each Balance Sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of the same to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that the Company will pay normal Income tax during the specified period. The MAT Credit Entitlement being unused tax credits that are carried forward by the Company for a specified period, is grouped under Deferred Tax.

3.4.5 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year where the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

3.4.6 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by same governing tax laws and the Company has legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities.

3.4.7 Both current tax and deferred tax relating to items recognised outside the Profit or Loss is recognised either in “Other Comprehensive Income” or directly in “Equity” as the case may be.

4.1 Property, plant and equipments (PPE)

4.1.1. PPEs are stated at cost of acquisition or construction less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses if any, except freehold land which is carried at cost. The cost comprises of purchase price, import duties, non-refundable purchase taxes (net of tax credits wherever applicable), borrowing cost if capitalisation criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.

Subsequent expenditures are recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Spares which meet the definition of PPE are capitalised from the date when it is available for use. Other expenses on fixed assets, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts that does not meet the capitalisation criteria are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

The company identifies the significant parts of plant and equipment separately which are required to be replaced at intervals. Such parts are depreciated separately based on their specific useful lives. The cost of replacement of significant parts are capitalised and the carrying amount of replaced parts are de-recognised.

The cost of major inspection / overhauling is recognised in the carrying amount of the item of PPE as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. Any remaining carrying amount of the cost of the previous inspection/overhauling (as distinct from physical parts) is de-recognised.

The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of PPE after its use, if materially significant, is included in the cost of the respective asset when the recognition criteria are met.

Capital Expenditure on tangible assets for research and development is classified as PPE and is depreciated based on the estimated useful life. Other expenditure incurred for research and development are expensed under the respective heads of accounts in the year in which it is incurred.

4.1.2 The Company follows the useful lives of the significant parts of certain class of PPE on best estimate basis upon technical advice, as detailed below, that are different from the useful lives prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013:

4.1.3 PPE acquired in full or part exchange for another asset are recorded at the fair market value or the net book value of the asset given up, adjusted for any balancing cash transaction. Fair market value is determined either for the assets acquired or asset given up, whichever is more clearly evident.

4.1.4 PPEs are eliminated from the financial statements on disposal or when no further benefit is expected from its use and disposal. Gains or losses arising from disposal, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such assets, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Amount received towards PPE that are impaired and derecognized in the financial statements, are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss, when the recognition criteria are met.

4.1.5 Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an asset over its useful life on a straight line method. The depreciable amount for assets is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less 5% being its residual value, except for process control systems whose residual value is considered as Nil.

4.1 6 Depreciation for PPE on additions is calculated on pro-rata basis from the date of such additions. For deletion/disposals, the depreciation is calculated on pro-rata basis up to the date on which such assets have been discarded / sold.

4.1.7 The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

Capital Work in progress / Capital Advances

4.1.8 Capital work in progress includes cost of property, plant and equipment under installation, under development including related expenses and attributable interest as at the reporting date.

4.1.9 Advances given towards acquisition / construction of PPE outstanding at the reporting date are disclosed as ‘Capital Advances’ under ‘Other Non-Current Assets’.

5.1 Leases

5.1.1 The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception date whether fulfilment of arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset.

5.1.2 The lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vests with the Lessor are recognised as operating lease. Operating lease receipts and payments are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on straight line basis over the lease terms except where the payments are structured to increase in line with the general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases. The Company do not have any finance leases.

5.1.3 The amount paid for securing right to use of lands qualify as Operating lease and the amount paid for leasehold land is classified as “Lease prepayments” under prepaid expenses, which are amortised over the tenure of lease.

6.1 Revenue Recognition

6.1.1 Revenue from Operations

The Company has adopted Ind AS 115 with effect from 01-04-2018 (i.e) from the date on which it became effective.

Sale of Products

Revenue from product sales is recognized when the company transfers control of the product to customers at a point in time. The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods to the customer. The Company provides discounts to customers on the achievement of the performance criteria based on agreed terms and conditions. There is no significant financing component with regard to sale of products for the company as per Ind AS 115. The company do not have any non-cash consideration.

Power generated from Windmills

Power generated from windmills that are covered under power purchase agreement with TANGEDCO are recognised at the rate fixed by respective State Electricity Regulatory Commissions, upon transmission of energy to the grids of the State Electricity Board and the same is classified as “Sale of power generated from windmills”.

Power generated from windmills that are covered under wheeling & banking arrangement with TANGEDCO, KPTCL & BESCOM are consumed at factories. The monetary values of such power generated that are captively consumed are not recognised as revenue.

Scrap sales

Scrap sales is recognized when the Company transfers control of the product to customers.

6.1.2 Other Income

Interest income is recognised using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period where appropriate, the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability.

Dividend income is recognised when the Company’s right to receive dividend is established.

Rental income from operating lease on investment properties is recognised on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease.

Income from merchant power, arising out of sale of surplus electricity generated from its thermal power plants after meeting its captive requirements, is recognised upon transmission of energy to the grids of the State Electricity Board after netting off expenses attributable to it.

7.1 Employee Benefits

7.1.1 Short-term employee benefits viz., Salaries and Wages are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the related service is rendered.

7.1.2 Defined Contribution Plan viz., Contributions to Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the employees have rendered services.

7.1.3 The Company contributes monthly to Employees’ Provident Fund & Employees’ Pension Fund administered by the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation, Government of India, at 12% of employee’s basic salary. The Company has no further obligations.

7.1.4 The Company contributes for Superannuation Fund, a sum equivalent to 15% of the officer’s eligible annual basic salary. Out of the said 15% contribution, a sum upto Rs. 1.50 Lacs per annum is remitted to the superannuation fund trust administered by the Company. The funds are managed by LIC of India. The balance amount, if any, is either remitted to National Pension System (NPS) subject to applicable ceiling or paid as salary at the option of employees. There are no further obligations in respect of the above contribution plan.

7.1.5 The Company contributes to Defined Benefit Plan viz., an approved Gratuity Fund, for its employees including employees in subsidiary company. It is in the form of lump sum payments to vested employees on resignation, retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment, for an amount equivalent to 15 days’ basic salary for each completed year of service. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of continuous service. Based on the Actuarial Valuation by an independent external actuary, the Company makes annual contributions to the trust administered by the company as at the reporting date using Projected Unit Credit method. The funds are managed by LIC of India.

7.1.6 The Company provides for expenses towards compensated absences provided to its employees. The expense is recognized at the present value of the amount payable determined based on an independent external actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date, using Projected Unit Credit method. The Company presents the entire compensated absences as ‘Short-term provisions’ since employee has an unconditional right to avail the leave at any time during the year.

7.1.7 Remeasurement of net defined benefit asset / liability comprising of actuarial gains or losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged / credited to other comprehensive income in the period in which they arise and immediately transferred to retained earnings. Other costs are accounted in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

8.1 Government Grants

8.1.1 Government grants are recognised at fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all the attached conditions are complied with.

8.1.2 In case of revenue related grant, the income is recognised on a systematic basis over the period for which it is intended to compensate an expense and is disclosed under “Other operating revenue” or netted off against corresponding expenses wherever appropriate. Receivables of such grants are shown under “Other Financial Assets”. Export benefits are accounted for in the year of exports based on eligibility and when there is no uncertainty in receiving the same. Receivables of such benefits are shown under “Other Financial Assets”.

8.1.3 The soft loan from government is recognised and measured in accordance with Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments. The benefit of soft loan from government at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant and classified as “Deferred Grant”. It is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan determined in accordance with Ind AS 109, and the proceeds received. The said deferred grant is amortized over the useful life of the underlying asset.

9.1 Foreign currency transactions

9.1.1 The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is also the Company’s functional currency.

9.1.2 All transactions in foreign currency are recorded on initial recognition at their functional currency exchange rates prevailing on that date.

9.1.3 Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies outstanding at the reporting date are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the reporting date and the resultant gains or losses are recognised during the year in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

9.1.4 Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates at the date of transaction.

Foreign Branch Operations

9.1.5 Income and expenditure transactions are translated to functional currency using monthly moving average exchange rate.

9.1.6 Monetary assets and liabilities of foreign branch as at the reporting date are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the reporting date and the resultant gains or losses are recognised during the year in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

9.1.7 Non-monetary items of foreign branch are carried at historical cost denominated in foreign currency and are reported using the exchange rates at the transaction date.

10.1 Borrowing Costs

10.1.1 Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction, production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of that asset which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. The Company determines the amount of borrowing cost eligible for capitalisation by applying capitalisation rate to the expenditure incurred on such cost. The capitalisation rate is determined based on the weighted average rate of borrowing cost applicable to the borrowings of the Company which are outstanding during the period, other than borrowings made specifically towards purchase of the qualifying asset. The amount of borrowing cost that the Company capitalises during the period does not exceed the amount of borrowing cost incurred during that period. All other borrowings costs are expensed in the period in which they occur.

10.1.2 Borrowing cost include interest computed using Effective Interest Rate method, amortisation of ancillary costs incurred and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

11.1 Earnings per Share

11.1.1 Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit/(loss) attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares including un-allotted bonus shares outstanding during the year.

11.1.2 Where an item of income or expense which is otherwise required to be recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss is debited or credited to Equity, the amount in respect thereof is suitably adjusted in Net profit for the purpose of computing Earnings per share.

11.1.3 The Company do not have any potential equity shares.

12.1 Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

12.1.1 The carrying values of assets include property, plant and equipment, investment properties, cash generating units and intangible assets are reviewed for impairment at each reporting date, if there is any indication of impairment based on internal and external factors.

12.1.2 Non-financial assets are treated as impaired when the carrying amount of such asset exceeds its recoverable value. After recognition of impairment loss, the depreciation for the said assets is provided for remaining useful life based on the revised carrying amount, less its residual value if any, on straight line basis.

12.1.3 An impairment loss is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired.

12.1.4 An impairment loss is reversed when there is an indication that the impairment loss may no longer exist or may have decreased.

13.1 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

13.1.1 Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.

13.1.2 Provisions are discounted if the effect of the time value of money is material, using pre-tax rates that reflects the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, an increase in the provisions due to the passage of time is recognised as finance cost. These provisions are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

13.1.3 The Company provides for the estimated expenses at fair value that are required to restore mines. The estimated restoration expenses are determined based on the estimated mineral reserves available. The actual expenses may vary based on the nature of restoration and estimate of restoration expenses. Mines restoration expenses are incurred on an on-going basis until the closure of mines. The total estimate of restoration expenses is reviewed periodically, on the basis of technical estimates and expected timing of these costs. The provision for this expense is included under “Cost of materials consumed” to the extent such mineral reserves were used in the production. The unwinding of the discount on provision is shown as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

13.1.4 Insurance claims are accounted on the basis of claims admitted or expected to be admitted and to the extent that the amount recoverable can be measured reliably and it is reasonable to expect ultimate collection. Any subsequent change in the recoverability is provided for. Contingent Assets are not recognised.

13.1.5 Contingent liability is a possible obligation that may arise from past events and its existence will be confirmed only by occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and the same are not recognised but disclosed in the financial statements.

14.1 Intangible Assets

14.1.1 The costs incurred in connection with securing right to extract mineral reserves are capitalised under “Mining Rights” and the costs of stripping overburden to gain access to limestone deposits and the present value of restoration liability, if materially significant, to the extent of exposed overburden area are capitalised under “Mine Development”.

14.1.2 The costs of computer software acquired and its subsequent improvements are capitalised. Internally generated software is not capitalized and the expenditure is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

14.1.3 The cost incurred for right to un-restricted usage of power transmission system for sale of power from Company’s captive thermal power plants to State grid and for drawal of power from State grid to its plant were capitalized as the Company is expected to yield future economic benefits.

14.1.4 Intangible Assets are amortised over their estimated useful life on straight line method. The estimated useful lives of intangible assets are assessed by the internal technical team as detailed below:

14.1.5 The intangible assets that are under development phase are carried at cost including related expenses and attributable interest, and are recognised as Intangible assets under development.

14.1.6 The residual values, useful lives and methods of amortisation of intangible asset are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

15.1 Investment Properties

15.1.1 An investment in land or buildings both furnished and unfurnished, which are held for earning rentals or capital appreciation or both rather than for use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes or sale in the ordinary course of business, are classified as investment properties.

15.1.2 Investment properties are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any except freehold land which is carried at cost.

15.1.3 The company identifies the significant parts of investment properties separately which are required to be replaced at intervals. Such parts are depreciated separately based on their specific useful lives determined on best estimate basis upon technical advice. The cost of replacement of significant parts are capitalised and the carrying amount of replaced parts are de-recognised. Other expenses including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts that does not meet the capitalisation criteria, are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

15.1.4 Depreciation on investment properties are calculated on straight-line method based on useful life of the significant parts as detailed below, that are different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013:

15.1.5 Investment properties are eliminated from the financial statements on disposal or when no further benefit is expected from its use and disposal. Gains or losses arising from disposal, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such investment properties, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Amount received towards investment properties that are impaired and derecognized in the financial statements, are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss, when the recognition criteria are met.

15.1.6 The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of investment properties are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

16.1 Operating Segments

The Company’s business operation comprises of single operating segment viz., cement and cementious materials.

Operating segment has been identified on the basis of nature of products and reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to Chief Operating Decision Maker.

17.1 Financial Instruments

17.1.1 A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

17.1.2 Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in the Balance sheet when and only when the Company has a legal right to offset the recognised amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

17.1.3 The Company initially determines the classification of financial assets and liabilities. After initial recognition, no re-classification is made for financial assets which are categorised as equity instruments at FVTOCI and financial assets / liabilities that are specifically designated as FVTPL. However, other financial assets are re-classifiable when there is a change in the business model of the Company. When the Company reclassifies the financial assets, such reclassifications are done prospectively from the first day of the immediately next reporting period. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses including impairment gains or losses or interest.

Financial Assets

17.1.4 Financial assets comprise of investments in equity and mutual funds, trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents and other financial assets.

17.1.5 Depending on the business model (i.e) nature of transactions for managing those financial assets and its contractual cash flow characteristics, the financial assets are initially measured at fair value and subsequently measured and classified at:

a) Amortised cost; or

b) Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI); or

c) Fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Amortised cost represents carrying amount on initial recognition at fair value plus or minus transaction cost.

17.1.6 Financial assets are measured at FVTPL except for those financial assets whose contractual terms give rise to cash flows on specified dates that represents solely payments of principal and interest thereon, are measured as detailed below depending on the business model:

The Company has accounted for its investments in subsidiary and associates at cost. The Company has exercised an irrevocable option at time of initial recognition to measure the changes in fair value of other equity investments at FVTOCI. Accordingly, the Company classifies its financial assets for measurement as below:

17.1.7 Financial assets are derecognised (i.e) removed from the financial statements, when its contractual rights to the cash flows expire or upon transfer of the said assets. The Company also derecognises when it has an obligation to adjust the cash flows arising from the financial asset with third party and either upon transfer of:

a) significant risk and rewards of the financial asset, or

b) control of the financial asset

However, the Company continue to recognise the transferred financial asset and its associated liability to the extent of its continuing involvement, which are measured on the basis of retainment of its rights and obligations of financial asset.

17.1.8 Upon derecognition of its financial asset or part thereof, the difference between the carrying amount measured at the date of recognition and the consideration received including any new asset obtained less any new liability assumed shall be recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

17.1.9 For impairment purposes, significant financial assets are tested on individual basis at each reporting date. Other financial assets are assessed collectively in groups that share similar credit risk characteristics. Accordingly, the impairment testing is done retrospectively on the following basis:

Financial Liabilities

17.1.10 Financial liabilities comprise of Borrowings from Banks, Soft loan / Interest free loan from Government, Trade payables, Derivative financial instruments, Financial guarantee obligation and other financial liabilities.

17.1.11 The Company measures its financial liabilities as below:

17.1.12 Financial guarantee contracts issued by the company are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Transaction cost of financial guarantee contracts that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee are recognised initially as a liability at fair value. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognised less cumulative amortization.

17.1.13 Financial liabilities are derecognised when and only when it is extinguished (i.e) when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expired.

17.1.14 Upon derecognition of its financial liabilities or part thereof, the difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

18.1 Fair value measurement

18.1.1 Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

18.1.2 The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that the market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that the market participants act in the economic best interest.

18.1.3 All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured are disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole. The fair value hierarchy is described as below:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

18.1.4 For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the Balance sheet on a recurring basis, the company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorisation at the end of each reporting period (i.e) based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole.

18.1.5 For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the company has determined the classes of assets and liabilities based on the nature, characteristics and risks of the assets or liabilities and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

18.1.6 The basis for fair value determination for measurement and / or disclosure purposes is detailed below:

Investments in Equity / Mutual Funds

The fair value is determined by reference to their quoted prices at the reporting date. In the absence of the quoted price, the fair value of the equity is measured using valuation techniques.

Trade and other receivables

The fair value is estimated as the present value of the future cash flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the reporting date. However, the fair value generally approximates the carrying amount due to the short term nature of such assets.

Forward exchange contracts

The fair value of forward exchange contracts is based on the quoted price if available; otherwise it is estimated by discounting the difference between contractual forward price and current forward price for the residual maturity of the contract using government bond rates.

Non-derivative financial liabilities

The fair value of non-derivative financial liabilities viz, soft loan from government, deferred sales tax liability, borrowings are determined for disclosure purposes calculated based on the present value of future principal and interest cash flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the reporting date.

Financial guarantee obligation

The fair value of financial guarantee obligation with reference to loan availed by subsidiary/associates is determined on the basis of estimated cost involved in securing equivalent size of the guarantees from bank.

Investment Properties

The fair value is determined for disclosure purposes based on an annual evaluation performed by an internal technical team measured using the technique of quoted prices for similar assets in the active markets and further moderated by market corroborated inputs.

19 . Amendments to the existing Accounting Standards / issuance of new accounting standard effective from 01-04-2019 onwards

(A) New Standard

In March 2019, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) (Amendments) Rules, 2018, notifying deletion of existing standard Ind AS 17 on Leases and insertion of new standard Ind AS 116 on Leases for applicability with effect from April 1, 2019.

Ind AS 116 Leases

Entity as a Lessee

Ind AS 116 sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases and requires lessees to account for all leases under a single on-balance sheet model similar to the accounting for finance leases under Ind AS 17.

At the commencement date of a lease, a lessee will recognize a liability to make lease payments (i.e., the lease liability) and an asset representing the right to use the underlying asset during the lease term (i.e., the right-of-use asset). Lessees will be required to separately recognize the interest expense on the lease liability and the depreciation expense on the right-of-use asset. Lessees will be also required to remeasure the lease liability upon the occurrence of certain events (e.g., a change in the lease term, a change in future lease payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine those payments). The lessee will generally recognize the amount of the remeasurement of the lease liability as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset.

Entity as a Lessor

Lessor accounting under Ind AS 116 is substantially unchanged from today’s accounting under Ind AS 17. Lessors will continue to classify all leases using the same classification principle as in Ind AS 17 and distinguish between two types of leases: operating and finance leases.

A lessee can choose to apply the standard using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach. The above notified standard provides two recognition exemptions for lessees viz., leases of ‘low-value’ assets and short-term leases (i.e., leases with a lease term of 12 months or less).

The Company is evaluating the requirements of this new standard and its effect on the financial statements.

(B) Amendments in existing accounting standards

The details of amendments to the existing standards applicable to the Company with effect from April 1, 2019, which may impact the financial statements in the coming years are detailed below:

Ind AS 12 Income Taxes

(a) Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments

Appendix C to Ind AS 12 addresses the following issues, when there is uncertainty over income tax treatments

(i) whether an entity considers uncertain tax treatments separately;

(ii) the assumptions an entity makes about the examination of tax treatments by taxation authorities;

(iii) how an entity determines taxable profit, tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates; and

(iv) how an entity considers changes in facts and circumstances

An entity has to determine whether to consider each uncertain tax treatment separately or together with one or more other uncertain tax treatments. The approach that better predicts the resolution of the uncertainty should be followed.

(b) Income tax consequences of dividends

The income tax consequences of dividends are linked more directly to past transactions or events that generated distributable profits than to distributions to owners. Therefore, the Company shall recognise the income tax consequences of dividends in profit or loss, other comprehensive income or equity according to where the entity originally recognised those past transactions or events.

Ind AS 19 Employee Benefits

Plan Amendment, Curtailment or Settlement

The amendments to Ind AS 19 address the accounting when a plan amendment, curtailment or settlement occurs during a reporting period. The amendments specify that when a plan amendment, curtailment or settlement, the Company is required to:

(a) Determine current service cost for the remainder of the period after the plan amendment, curtailment or settlement, using the actuarial assumptions used to remeasure the net defined benefit liability (asset);

(b) Determine net interest for the remainder of the period after the plan amendment, curtailment or settlement using the net defined benefit liability (asset) and the discount rate used to remeasure that net defined benefit liability (asset).

Further the Company first determines any past service cost, or a gain or loss on settlement, without considering the effect of the asset ceiling. This amount is recognised in profit or loss. An entity then determines the effect of the asset ceiling after the plan amendment, curtailment or settlement. Any change in that effect, excluding amounts included in the net interest, is recognised in other comprehensive income.

The Company is evaluating the requirements of the above amendments and its effect on the financial statements.

20. Significant Estimates and Judgements

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Actual results could vary from these estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an on-going basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision effects only that period or in the period of the revision or future periods, if the revision affects both current and future years.

Accordingly, the management has applied the following estimates / assumptions / judgements in preparation and presentation of financial statements:

Current Taxes

Calculations of income taxes for the current period are done based on applicable tax laws and management’s judgement by evaluating positions taken in tax returns and interpretations of relevant provisions of law and applicable judicial precedents.

Deferred Tax Asset (Including MAT Credit Entitlement)

Significant management judgement is exercised by reviewing the deferred tax assets at each reporting date to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be retained / recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Intangible Assets and Investment Properties

The residual values and estimated useful life of PPEs, Intangible Assets and Investment Properties are assessed by the technical team at each reporting date by taking into account the nature of asset, the estimated usage of the asset, the operating condition of the asset, past history of replacement and maintenance support. Upon review, the management accepts the assigned useful life and residual value for computation of depreciation/ amortisation. Also, management judgement is exercised for classifying the asset as investment properties or vice versa.

Revenue Recognition

Significant management judgement is exercised in determining the transaction price and discounts to customer which is based on market factors namely demand and supply. The Company offers credit period to customers for which there is no financing component.

Defined Benefit Plans and Other long term benefits

The cost of the defined benefit plan and other long term benefits, and the present value of such obligation are determined by the independent actuarial valuer. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in future. Management believes that the assumptions used by the actuary in determination of the discount rate, future salary increases, mortality rates and attrition rates are reasonable. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long term nature, this obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

Impairment of Non-financial assets (PPE/Intangible Assets/ Investment Properties)

The impairment of non-financial assets is determined based on estimation of recoverable amount of such assets. The assumptions used in computing the recoverable amount are based on management judgement considering the timing of future cash flows, discount rates and the risks specific to the asset.

Provisions

The timing of recognition requires application of judgement to existing facts and circumstances that may be subject to change. The litigations and claims to which the company is exposed are assessed by the management and in certain cases with the support of external experts. The amounts are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects the current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability.

Mines Restoration Expenditure

In determining the provision for Mines restoration expenditure, assumptions and estimates are made by the management, in relation to discount rates, the expected mineral reserves, estimated cost to restore the mines and the expected timing of those costs.

Contingent Liabilities

Management judgement is exercised for estimating the possible outflow of resources, if any, in respect of contingencies / claims / litigations against the Company as it is not possible to predict the outcome of pending matters with accuracy.

Mine Development

In determining the allocation of mine development cost based on the unit of production method, assumptions and estimates are made by the management, in relation to the estimated mineral reserves available for the remaining period.

Fair value measurement of financial instruments

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities could not be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, management uses valuation techniques including the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model, to determine its fair value The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is exercised in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility.

Impairment of Trade receivables

The impairment for trade receivables are done based on assumptions about risk of default and expected loss rates. The assumptions, selection of inputs for calculation of impairment are based on management judgement considering the past history, market conditions and forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting date.

Impairment of Investments in Subsidiaries / Associates

Significant management judgement is exercised in determining whether the investment in subsidiaries / associates are impaired or not is on the basis of its nature of long term strategic investments and business projections.

Interests in other entities

Significant management judgement is exercised in determining the interests in other entities. The management believes that wherever there is a significant influence over certain companies belonging to its group, such companies are treated as Associate companies even though it holds less than 20% of the voting rights.

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Mar 31, 2018

1. Corporate Information

The Ramco Cements Limited is a Public Limited company domiciled and headquartered in India and incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act 1956. The Registered office of the Company is located at “Ramamandiram”, Rajapalayam - 626 117, Tamil Nadu. The Company’s shares are listed in BSE Limited and National Stock Exchange of India Limited.

The Company is engaged in manufacture of Cement, Ready Mix Concrete and Dry Mortar products. The Company caters mainly to the domestic markets. The Company is also engaged in sale of surplus electricity generated from its windmills and thermal power plants after meeting its captive requirements.

The financial statements of the Company for the year were approved and adopted by Board of Directors of the Company in their meeting dated 23-05-2018.

2. Basis of Preparation of Separate Financial Statements

2.1 The financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015, as amended from time to time.

2.2 The significant accounting policies used in preparing the financial statements are set out in Note 4.

2.3 The Company has considered its operating cycle to be 12 months for the purpose of Current and Non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

2.4 An asset is classified as current when it is expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in the normal operating cycle, or held primarily for the purpose of trading or expected to be realized within 12 months after the reporting period, or cash or cash equivalents unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability 12 months after the reporting period. All other assets are classified as non-current.

2.5 A liability is classified as current when it is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle, or held primarily for the purpose of trading or due for settlement within 12 months after the reporting period, or there is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period. All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

2.6 The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees rounded to the nearest Crores with two decimals. The amount below the round off norm adopted by the Company is denoted as Rs, 0.00 Crores.

2.7 Previous year figures have been regrouped / restated, wherever necessary and appropriate.

3. Basis of Measurement

The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis under historical cost convention except for certain financial instruments (Refer Note 4.18 - Accounting Policy for Financial Instruments) and defined benefit plan assets which are measured at fair value.

4. Significant Accounting Policies

4.1 Inventories

4.1.1 Raw-materials, Stores & Spares, Fuel, Packing materials etc., are valued at cost, computed on a moving weighted average basis including the cost incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition after providing for obsolescence and other losses or net realisable value whichever is lower. However, these items are considered to be realisable at cost, if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost.

4.1.2 Process stock is valued at weighted average cost including the cost of conversion with systematic allocation of production overheads based on normal capacity of production facilities, or net realisable value whichever is lower. Factory administration overheads to the extent attributable to bring the inventories to their present location and condition are also included in the valuation of Process stock.

Finished goods are valued at cost or net realisable value whichever is lower. Cost includes cost of conversion with systematic allocation of production overheads based on normal capacity of production facilities and other costs incurred in bringing the inventory to their present location and condition. Finished goods include stock-in-trade also which comprises cost of purchase and other cost incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

4.2 Statement of Cash Flow

4.2.1 Cash flows are presented using indirect method, whereby

profit I (loss) before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments.

4.2.2 Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances with original maturity of less than 3 months, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash, which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

4.2.3 Bank borrowings are generally considered to be financing activities. However, where bank overdrafts which are repayable on demand form an integral part of an entity’s cash management, bank overdrafts are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of Statement of Cash Flow .

4.3 Dividend distribution to Equity shareholders

Final dividend distribution to shareholders is recognized in the period in which the dividends are approved by the shareholders. Any interim dividend paid is recognized on approval by Board of Directors. Dividend together with applicable taxes is recognized directly in Equity.

4.4 Income Taxes

4.4.1 Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the applicable tax rates, the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws.

4.4.2 Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future tax liability, is recognized as an asset viz. MAT Credit Entitlement, to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal Income tax and it is highly probable that future economic benefits associated with it will flow to the Company during the specified period. The Company reviews the “MAT Credit Entitlement” at each Balance Sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of the same to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that the Company will pay normal Income tax during the specified period.

4.4.3 Current tax assets and liabilities are offset, when the Company has legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and intends to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.

4.4.4 Deferred tax is recognized using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting at the reporting date.

4.4.5 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year where the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

4.4.6 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by same governing tax laws and the Company has legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities.

4.4.7 Both current tax and deferred tax relating to items recognized outside the Profit or Loss is recognized either in “Other Comprehensive Income” or directly in “Equity” as the case may be.

4.5 Property, plant and equipments (PPE)

4.5.1. PPEs are stated at cost of acquisition or construction (net of CENVAT / VAT/ GST wherever applicable) less accumulated depreciation / amortisation and impairment losses if any, except freehold land which is carried at cost. The cost comprises of purchase price, borrowing cost if capitalization criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.

The company identifies the significant parts of plant and equipment separately which are required to be replaced at intervals. Such parts are depreciated separately based on their specific useful lives. The cost of replacement of significant parts are capitalized and the carrying amount of replaced parts are de-recognized. When each major inspection/overhauling is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the item of property, plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. Any remaining carrying amount of the cost of the previous inspection/overhauling (as distinct from physical parts) is de-recognized.

Items such as spare parts, stand-by equipments and servicing equipments are classified as PPE when they meet

the definition of PPE as per Ind AS 16. Other expenses on fixed assets, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts that does not meet the capitalization criteria are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of PPE after its use, if materially significant, is included in the cost of the respective asset when the recognition criteria are met.

Capital Expenditure on tangible assets for research and development is classified as PPE and is depreciated based on the estimated useful life. Other expenditure incurred for research and development are expensed under the respective heads of accounts in the year in which it is incurred.

4.5.2 The Company follows the useful lives of the significant parts of certain class of PPE on best estimate basis upon technical advice, as detailed below, that are different from

4.5.3 PPE acquired in full or part exchange for another asset are recorded at the fair market value or the net book value of the asset given up, adjusted for any balancing cash transaction. Fair market value is determined either for the assets acquired or asset given up, whichever is more clearly evident.

4.5.4 PPEs are eliminated from the financial statements on disposal or when no further benefit is expected from its use and disposal. Gains or losses arising from disposal, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such assets, are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Amount received towards PPE that are impaired and derecognized in the financial statements, are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss, when the recognition criteria are met.

4.5.5 Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an asset over its useful life on a straight line method. The depreciable amount for assets is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less 5% being its residual value, except for process control systems whose residual value is considered as Nil.

4.5.6 Depreciation for PPE on additions is calculated on pro-rata basis from the date of such additions. For deletion/disposals, the depreciation is calculated on pro-rata basis up to the date on which such assets have been discarded / sold.

4.5.7 The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

Capital Work in progress

4.5.8 Capital work in progress includes cost of property, plant and equipment under installation, under development including related expenses and attributable interest as at the reporting date.

4.6 Leases

4.6.1 The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception date whether fulfillment of arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset.

4.6.2 The lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vests with the Less or are recognized as operating lease. Operating lease receipts and payments are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss on straight line basis over the lease terms except where the payments are structured to increase in line with the general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases. The Company do not have any finance leases.

4.6.3 The amount paid for securing right to use of lands qualify as Operating lease and the amount paid for leasehold land is classified as “Lease prepayments” under prepaid expenses, which are amortized over the tenure of lease.

4.7 Revenue Recognition

4.7.1 Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

4.7.2 Revenue from Operations Sale of products

Revenue is recognized at the fair value of consideration received or receivable upon transfer of significant risks and rewards of ownership of goods which coincides with the delivery of goods. It comprises of invoice value of goods including excise duty and after deducting discounts, volume rebates and applicable taxes on sale. It also excludes value of self-consumption.

Power generated from Windmills

Power generated from windmills that are covered under wheeling & banking arrangement with TANGEDCO, KPTCL & BESCOM are consumed at factories. The monetary values of such power generated that are actively consumed are not recognized as revenue. Power generated from windmills that are covered under power purchase agreement with TANGEDCO are recognized at the rate fixed by respective State Electricity Regulatory Commissions, upon transmission of energy to the grids of the State Electricity Board and the same is classified as “Sale of power generated from windmills”.

Scrap sale

Scrap sale is recognized at the fair value of consideration received or receivable upon transfer of significant risk and rewards. It comprises of invoice value of goods including excise duty excluding applicable taxes on sale.

Industrial Promotion Assistance

This being in the nature of Government grants, which are recognized at fair value when the Company’s right to receive the same is established with reasonable assurance.

4.7.3 Other Income

a) Interest income is recognized using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period where appropriate, the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortized cost of a financial liability.

b) Dividend income is recognized when the Company’s right to receive dividend is established.

c) Rental income from operating lease on investment properties is recognized on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease.

d) Value of Carbon credits are recognized when the Company’s right to receive the same is established.

e) Income from merchant power, arising out of sale of surplus electricity generated from its thermal power plants after meeting its captive requirements, is recognized upon transmission of energy to the grids of the State Electricity Board after netting off expenses attributable to it.

4.8 Employee Benefits

4.8.1 Short-term employee benefits viz., Salaries and Wages are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the related service is rendered.

4.8.2 Defined Contribution Plan viz., Contributions to Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the employees have rendered services.

4.8.3 The Company contributes monthly to Employees’ Provident Fund & Employees’ Pension Fund administered by the Employees’ Provident Fund Organization, Government of India, at 12% of employee’s basic salary. The Company has no further obligations.

4.8.4 The Company also contributes for superannuation a sum equivalent to 15% of the officer’s eligible annual basic salary. Out of the said 15% contribution, a sum up to Rs, 1.50 Lacs per annum is remitted to The Ramco Cements Limited Officer’s Superannuation Fund administered by trustees and managed by LIC of India. The balance amount, if any, is either remitted to National Pension System (NPS) subject to applicable ceiling or paid as salary at the option of employees. There are no further obligations in respect of the above contribution plan.

4.8.5 The Company has its own Defined Benefit Plan viz., an approved Gratuity Fund. It is in the form of lump sum payments to vested employees on resignation, retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment, for an amount equivalent to 15 days’ basic salary for each completed year of service. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of continuous service. The Company makes annual contributions to “The Ramco Cements Limited Employees’ Gratuity Fund” administered by trustees and managed by LIC of India, including for its employees in subsidiary Company, based on the Actuarial Valuation by an independent external actuary as at the Balance Sheet date using Projected Unit Credit method.

4.8.6 The Company provides for expenses towards compensated absences provided to its employees. The expense is recognized at the present value of the amount payable determined based on an independent external actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date, using Projected Unit Credit method.

4.8.7 Remeasurement of net defined benefit asset / liability comprising of actuarial gains or losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged / credited to other comprehensive income in the period in which they arise and immediately transferred to retained earnings. Other costs are accounted in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

4.9 Government Grants

4.9.1 Government grants are recognized at fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all the attached conditions are complied with.

4.9.2 In case of revenue related grant, the income is recognized on a systematic basis over the period for which it is intended to compensate an expense and is disclosed under “Other operating revenue” or netted off against corresponding expenses wherever appropriate. Receivables of such grants are shown under “Other Financial Assets”. Export benefits are accounted for in the year of exports based on eligibility and when there is no uncertainty in receiving the same. Receivables of such benefits are shown under “Other Financial Assets”.

4.9.3 The soft loan from government is recognized and measured in accordance with Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments. The benefit of soft loan from government at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant and classified as “Deferred Grant”. It is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan determined in accordance with Ind AS 109, and the proceeds received.

The said deferred grant is amortized over the useful life of the underlying asset.

4.10 Foreign currency transactions

4.10.1 The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is also the Company’s functional currency.

4.10.2 All transactions in foreign currency are recorded on initial recognition at their functional currency exchange rates prevailing on that date.

4.10.3 Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies outstanding at the reporting date are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the reporting date and the resultant gains or losses are recognized during the year in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

4.10.4 Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates at the date of transaction.

Foreign Branch Operations

4.10.5 Income and expenditure transactions are translated to functional currency using monthly moving average exchange rate.

4.10.6 Monetary assets and liabilities of foreign branch as at the reporting date are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the reporting date and the resultant gains or losses are recognized during the year in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

4.10.7 Non-monetary items of foreign branch are carried at historical cost denominated in foreign currency and are reported using the exchange rates at the transaction date.

4.11 Borrowing Costs

4.11.1 Borrowing cost include interest computed using Effective Interest Rate method, amortization of ancillary costs incurred and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

4.11.2 Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction, production of a qualifying asset are capitalized as part of the cost of that asset which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. The Company determines the amount of borrowing cost eligible for capitalization by applying capitalization rate to the expenditure incurred on such cost. The capitalization rate is determined based on the weighted average rate of borrowing cost applicable to the borrowings of the Company which are outstanding during the period, other than borrowings made specifically towards purchase of the qualifying asset. The amount of borrowing cost that the Company capitalizes during the period does not exceed the amount of borrowing cost incurred during that period.

All other borrowings costs are expensed in the period in which they occur.

4.12 Earnings per Share

4.12.1 Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit/(loss) attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares including un-allotted bonus shares outstanding during the year.

4.12.2 Where an item of income or expense which is otherwise required to be recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss is debited or credited to Equity, the amount in respect thereof is suitably adjusted in Net profit for the purpose of computing Earnings per share.

4.12.3 The Company do not have any potential equity shares.

4.13 Impairment of Non-Financial Assets

4.13.1 The carrying values of assets include property, plant and equipment, investment properties, cash generating units and intangible assets are reviewed for impairment at each Balance Sheet date, if there is any indication of impairment based on internal and external factors.

4.13.2 Non-financial assets are treated as impaired when the carrying amount of such asset exceeds its recoverable value. After recognition of impairment loss, the depreciation for the said assets is provided for remaining useful life based on the revised carrying amount, less its residual value if any, on straight line basis.

4.13.3 An impairment loss is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired.

4.13.4 An impairment loss is reversed when there is an indication that the impairment loss may no longer exist or may have decreased.

4.14 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

4.14.1 Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognized when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.

4.14.2 Provisions are discounted if the effect of the time value of money is material, using pre-tax rates that reflects the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, an increase in the provisions due to the passage of time is recognized as finance cost. These provisions are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

4.14.3 The Company provides for the estimated expenses at fair value that are required to restore mines. The estimated restoration expenses are determined based on the estimated mineral reserves available. The actual expenses may vary based on the nature of restoration and estimate of restoration expenses. Mines restoration expenses are incurred on an on-going basis until the closure of mines. The total estimate of restoration expenses is reviewed periodically, on the basis of technical estimates and expected timing of these costs. The provision for this expense is included under “Cost of materials consumed” to the extent such mineral reserves were used in the production. The unwinding of the discount on provision is shown as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

4.14.4 Insurance claims are accounted on the basis of claims admitted or expected to be admitted and to the extent that the amount recoverable can be measured reliably and it is reasonable to expect ultimate collection. Any subsequent change in the recoverability is provided for. Contingent Assets are not recognized.

4.14.5 Contingent liability is a possible obligation that may arise from past events and its existence will be confirmed only by occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and the same are not recognized but disclosed in the financial statements.

4.15 Intangible Assets

4.15.1 The costs incurred in connection with securing right to extract mineral reserves are capitalized under “Mining Rights” and the costs of stripping overburden to gain access to limestone deposits and the present value of restoration liability, if materially significant, to the extent of exposed overburden area are capitalized under “Mine Development”.

4.15.2 The costs of computer software acquired and its subsequent improvements are capitalized. Internally generated software is not capitalized and the expenditure is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

4.15.3 The cost incurred for right to un-restricted usage of power transmission system for sale of power from Company’s captive thermal power plants to State grid and for drawal of power from State grid to its plant were capitalized as the Company is expected to yield future economic benefits.

4.15.5 The intangible assets that are under development phase are carried at cost including related expenses and attributable interest, and are recognized as Intangible assets under development.

4.15.6 The residual values, useful lives and methods of amortization of intangible asset are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

4.16 Investment Properties

4.16.1 An investment in land or buildings both furnished and unfurnished, which are held for earning rentals or capital appreciation or both rather than for use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes or sale in the ordinary course of business, are classified as investment properties.

4.16.2 Investment properties are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any except freehold land which is carried at cost.

4.16.3 The company identifies the significant parts of investment properties separately which are required to be replaced at intervals. Such parts are depreciated separately based on their specific useful lives determined on best estimate basis upon technical advice. The cost of replacement of significant parts are capitalized and the carrying amount of replaced parts are de-recognized. Other expenses including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts that does not meet the capitalization criteria, are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

4.16.4 Depreciation on investment properties are calculated on straight-line method based on useful life of the significant parts as detailed below, that are different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013:

4.16.5 Investment properties are eliminated from the financial statements on disposal or when no further benefit is expected from its use and disposal. Gains or losses arising from disposal, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such investment properties, are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Amount received towards investment properties that are impaired and derecognized in the financial statements, are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss, when the recognition criteria are met.

4.16.6 The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of investment properties are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

4.17 Operating Segments

The Company’s business operation comprises of single operating segment viz., cement and cementations’ materials. Operating segment has been identified on the basis of nature of products and reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to Chief Operating Decision Maker.

4.18 Financial Instruments

4.18.1 A Financial Instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

4.18.2 Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in the Balance sheet when and only when the Company has a legal right to offset the recognized amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis or to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

4.18.3 The Company initially determines the classification of financial assets and liabilities. After initial recognition, no re-classification is made for financial assets which are categorized as equity instruments at FVTOCI and financial assets / liabilities that are specifically designated as FVTPL. However, other financial assets are re-classifiable when there is a change in the business model of the Company. When the Company reclassifies the financial assets, such reclassifications are done prospectively from the first day of the immediately next reporting period. The Company does not restate any previously recognized gains, losses including impairment gains or losses or interest.

Financial Assets

4.18.4 Financial assets comprise of investments in equity and mutual funds, trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents and other financial assets.

4.18.5 Depending on the business model (i.e) nature of transactions for managing those financial assets and its contractual cash flow characteristics, the financial assets are initially measured at fair value and subsequently measured and classified at:

a) Amortized cost; or

b) Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI); or

c) Fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Amortized cost represents carrying amount on initial recognition at fair value plus or minus transaction cost.

4.18.6 The Company has evaluated the facts and circumstances on date of transition to Ind AS for the purpose of classification and measurement of financial assets. Accordingly, financial assets are measured at FVTPL except for those financial assets whose contractual terms give rise to cash flows on specified dates that represents solely payments of principal and interest thereon, are measured as detailed below depending on the business model:

4.18.7 Financial assets are derecognized (i.e) removed from the financial statements, when its contractual rights to the cash flows expire or upon transfer of the said assets. The Company also derecognizes when it has an obligation to adjust the cash flows arising from the financial asset with third party and either upon transfer of:

a) significant risk and rewards of the financial asset, or

b) control of the financial asset

However, the Company continue to recognize the transferred financial asset and its associated liability to the extent of its continuing involvement, which are measured on the basis of detainment of its rights and obligations of financial asset.

4.18.8 Upon derecognition of its financial asset or part thereof, the difference between the carrying amount measured at the date of recognition and the consideration received including any new asset obtained less any new liability assumed shall be recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

4.18.9 For impairment purposes, significant financial assets are tested on individual basis at each reporting date. Other

4.18.12 Financial guarantee contracts issued by the company are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Transaction cost of financial guarantee contracts that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee are recognized initially as a liability at fair value. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognized less cumulative amortization.

4.18.13 Financial liabilities are derecognized when and only when it is extinguished (i.e) when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expired.

4.18.14 Upon derecognition of its financial liabilities or part thereof, the difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

4.19 Fair value measurement

4.19.1 Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

4.19.2 The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that the market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that the market participants act in the economic best interest.

4.19.3 All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured are disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole. The fair value hierarchy is described as below:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

4.19.4 For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the Balance sheet on a recurring basis, the company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorization at the end of each reporting period (i.e) based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole.

4.19.5 For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the company has determined the classes of assets and liabilities based on the nature, characteristics and risks of the assets or liabilities and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

4.19.6 The basis for fair value determination for measurement and / or disclosure purposes is detailed below:

Investments in Equity / Mutual Funds The fair value is determined by reference to their quoted prices at the reporting date. In the absence of the quoted price, the fair value of the equity is measured using valuation techniques.

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Mar 31, 2017

1.1 Inventories

1.1.1 Raw-materials, Stores & Spares, Fuel, Packing materials etc., are valued at cost, computed on a moving weighted average basis including the cost incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition after providing for obsolescence and other losses or net realisable value whichever is lower. However, these items are considered to be realisable at cost, if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost.

1.1.2 Process stock is valued at weighted average cost including the cost of conversion with systematic allocation of production overheads, or net realisable value whichever is lower. Factory administration overheads to the extent attributable to bring the inventories to their present location and condition are also included in the valuation of Process stock.

1.1.3 Finished goods are valued at cost or net realisable value whichever is lower. Cost includes cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventory to their present location and condition including excise duty. Finished goods include stock-in-trade also which comprises cost of purchase and other cost incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

1.2 Statement of Cash Flow

1.2.1 Cash flows are presented using indirect method, whereby profit/(loss) before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments.

1.2.2 Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances with original maturity of less than 3 months, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash.

1.2.3 Bank borrowings are generally considered to be financing activities. However, where bank overdrafts which are repayable on demand form an integral part of an entity’s cash management, bank overdrafts are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of statement of Cash flow.

1.3 Dividend distribution to Equity shareholders

Final dividend distribution to shareholders is recognised in the period in which the dividends are approved by the shareholders. Any interim dividend paid is recognised on approval by Board of Directors. Dividend together with applicable taxes is recognised directly in Equity.

1.4 Income Taxes

1.4.1 Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the applicable tax rates, the provisions of the Income tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws.

1.4.2 Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future tax liability, is recognised as an asset viz. MAT Credit Entitlement, to the extent there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal Income tax and it is highly probable that future economic benefits associated with it will flow to the Company during the specified period. The Company reviews the “MAT Credit Entitlement” at each Balance Sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of the same to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that the Company will pay normal Income tax during the specified period.

1.4.3 Current tax assets and liabilities are offset, when the Company has legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and intends to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.

1.4.4 Deferred tax is recognised using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting at the reporting date.

1.4.5 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year where the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

1.4.6 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by same governing tax laws and the Company has legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities.

1.4.7 Both current tax and deferred tax relating to items recognised outside the Profit or Loss is recognised either in “Other Comprehensive Income” or directly in “Equity” as the case may be.

1.5 Property, plant and equipments (PPE)

1.5.1. PPEs are stated at cost of acquisition or construction (net of CENVAT/VAT wherever applicable) less accumulated depreciation/amortisation and impairment losses if any, except freehold land which is carried at cost. The cost comprises of purchase price, borrowing cost if capitalisation criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use.

The company identifies the significant parts of plant and equipment separately which are required to be replaced at intervals. Such parts are depreciated separately based on their specific useful lives. The cost of replacement of significant parts are capitalised and the carrying amount of replaced parts are de-recognised. When each major inspection/overhauling is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the item of property, plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. Any remaining carrying amount of the cost of the previous inspection/overhauling (as distinct from physical parts) is de-recognised.

Other expenses on fixed assets, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts that does not meet the capitalisation criteria in accordance with Ind AS 16 are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of PPE after its use, if materially significant, is included in the cost of the respective asset when the recognition criteria are met.

Capital Expenditure on tangible assets for research and development is classified as PPE and is depreciated based on the estimated useful life. Other expenditure incurred for research and development are expensed under the respective heads of accounts in the year in which it is incurred.

1.5.2 The Company follows the useful lives of the significant parts of certain class of PPE on best estimate basis upon technical advice, as detailed below, that are different from the useful lives prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013:

1.5.3 PPE acquired in full or part exchange for another asset are recorded at the fair market value or the net book value of the asset given up, adjusted for any balancing cash transaction. Fair market value is determined either for the assets acquired or asset given up, whichever is more clearly evident.

1.5.4 PPEs are eliminated from the financial statements on disposal or when no further benefit is expected from its use and disposal. Gains or losses arising from disposal, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such assets, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Amount received towards PPE that are impaired and derecognised in the financial statements, are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss, when the recognition criteria are met.

1.5.5 Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an asset over its useful life on a straight line method. The depreciable amount for assets is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less 5% being its residual value, except for process control systems whose residual value is considered as Nil.

1.5.6 Depreciation for PPE on additions is calculated on prorata basis from the date of such additions. For deletion/ disposals, the depreciation is calculated on pro-rata basis up to the date on which such assets have been discarded/ sold.

1.5.7 The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

Capital Work in progress

1.5.8 Capital work in progress includes cost of property, plant and equipment under installation, under development including related expenses and attributable interest as at the reporting date.

5.6 Leases

1.6.1 The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception date whether fulfilment of arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset.

1.6.2 The lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vests with the Lessor are recognised as operating lease. Operating lease receipts and payments are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on accrual basis as per the lease terms. The Company do not have any finance leases.

1.6.3 The amount paid for securing right to use of lands qualify as Operating lease and the amount paid for leasehold land is classified as “Lease prepayments” under prepaid expenses, which are amortised over the tenure of lease.

1.7 Revenue Recognition

1.7.1 Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

1.7.2 Revenue from Operations Sale of products

Revenue is recognised at the fair value of consideration received or receivable upon transfer of significant risks and rewards of ownership of goods which coincides with the delivery of goods. It comprises of invoice value of goods including excise duty and after deducting discounts, volume rebates and applicable taxes on sale. It also excludes value of self-consumption.

Power generated from Windmills

Power generated from windmills that are covered under wheeling & banking arrangement with TANGEDCO, KPTCL & BESCOM are consumed at factories. The monetary values of such power generated that are captively consumed are not recognised as revenue. Power generated from windmills that are covered under power purchase agreement with TANGEDCO are recognised at the rate fixed by respective State Electricity Regulatory Commissions, upon transmission of energy to the grids of the State Electricity Board and the same is classified as “Sale of surplus power generated from windmills”.

Scrap sale

Scrap sale is recognised at the fair value of consideration received or receivable upon transfer of significant risk and rewards. It comprises of invoice value of goods including excise duty excluding applicable taxes on sale.

Industrial Promotion Assistance

This being in the nature of Government grants, which are recognised at fair value when the Company’s right to receive the same is established with reasonable assurance.

1.7.3 Other Income

a. interest income is recognised using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period where appropriate, the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability.

b. Dividend income is recognised when the Company’s right to receive dividend is established.

c. Rental income from operating lease on investment properties is recognised on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease.

d. Value of Carbon credits are recognised when the Company’s right to receive the same is established.

e. Income from merchant power, arising out of sale of surplus electricity generated from its thermal power plants after meeting its captive requirements, is recognised upon transmission of energy to the grids of the State Electricity Board after netting off expenses attributable to it.

1.8 Employee Benefits

1.8.1 Short-term employee benefits viz., Salaries and Wages are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the related service is rendered.

1.8.2 Defined Contribution Plan viz., Contributions to Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the employees have rendered services.

1.8.3 The Company contributes monthly to Employees’ Provident Fund & Employees’ Pension Fund administered by the Employees’ Provident Fund organisation, Government of India, at 12% of employee’s basic salary. The Company has no further obligations.

1.8.4 The Company also contributes for superannuation a sum equivalent to 15% of the officer’s eligible annual basic salary. out of the said 15% contribution, a sum upto Rs.1.50 Lacs per annum is remitted to The Ramco Cements Limited Officer’s Superannuation Fund administered by trustees and managed by LIC of India. The balance amount, if any, is either remitted to National Pension System (NPS) subject to applicable ceiling or paid as salary at the option of employees. There are no further obligations in respect of the above contribution plan.

1.8.5 The Company has its own Defined Benefit Plan viz., an approved Gratuity Fund. It is in the form of lump sum payments to vested employees on resignation, retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment, for an amount equivalent to 15 days basic salary for each completed year of service. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of continuous service. The Company makes annual contributions to “The Ramco Cements Limited Employees’ Gratuity Fund” administered by trustees and managed by LIC of India, including for its employees in subsidiary Company, based on the Actuarial Valuation by an independent external actuary as at the Balance Sheet date using Projected Unit Credit method.

1.8.6 The Company provides for expenses towards compensated absences provided to its employees. The expense is recognized at the present value of the amount payable determined based on an independent external actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date, using Projected Unit Credit method.

1.8.7 Remeasurement of net defined benefit asset/liability comprising of actuarial gains or losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged/credited to other Comprehensive Income in the period in which they arise and immediately transferred to retained earnings. other costs are accounted in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.9 Government Grants

1.9.1 Government grants are recognised at fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and all the attached conditions are complied with.

1.9.2 In case of revenue related grant, the income is recognised on a systematic basis over the period for which it is intended to compensate an expense and is disclosed under “other operating revenue” or netted off against corresponding expenses wherever appropriate. Receivables of such grants are shown under “other Financial Assets”. Export benefits are accounted for in the year of exports based on eligibility and when there is no uncertainty in receiving the same. Receivables of such benefits are shown under “other Financial Assets”.

1.9.3 The soft loan from government is recognised and measured in accordance with Ind AS 109, Financial Instruments. The benefit of soft loan from government at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant and classified as “Deferred Grant”. It is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan determined in accordance with Ind AS 109, and the proceeds received. The said deferred grant is amortized over the useful life of the underlying asset.

1.10 Foreign currency transactions

1.10.1 The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees, which is also the Company’s functional currency.

1.10.2 All transactions in foreign currency are recorded on initial recognition at their functional currency exchange rates prevailing on that date.

1.10.3 Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies outstanding at the reporting date are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the reporting date and the resultant gains or losses are recognised during the year in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.10.4 Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates at the date of transaction.

Foreign Branch Operations

1.10.5 Income and expenditure transactions are translated to functional currency using monthly moving average exchange rate.

1.10.6 Monetary assets and liabilities of foreign branch as at the reporting date are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the reporting date and the resultant gains or losses are recognised during the year in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.10.7 Non-monetary items of foreign branch are carried at historical cost denominated in foreign currency and are reported using the exchange rates at the transaction date.

1.11 Borrowing Costs

1.11.1 Borrowing cost include interest computed using Effective Interest Rate method, amortisation of ancillary costs incurred and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

1.11.2 Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction, production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of that asset which takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. The Company determines the amount of borrowing cost eligible for capitalisation by applying capitalisation rate to the expenditure incurred on such cost. The capitalisation rate is determined based on the weighted average rate of borrowing cost applicable to the borrowings of the Company which are outstanding during the period, other than borrowings made specifically towards purchase of the qualifying asset. The amount of borrowing cost that the Company capitalises during the period does not exceed the amount of borrowing cost incurred during that period. All other borrowings cost are expensed in the period in which they occur.

1.12 Earnings per Share

1.12.1 Profit after tax is divided by the weighted average number of equity shares including un-allotted bonus shares outstanding during the year.

1.12.2 Where an item of income or expense which is otherwise required to be recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss is debited or credited to Equity, the amount in respect thereof is suitably adjusted in Profit for the purpose of computing Earnings per share.

1.12.3 The Company do not have any potential equity shares.

1.13 Impairment of Non-financial Assets

1.13.1 The carrying values of assets include property, plant and equipment, investment properties, cash generating units and intangible assets are reviewed for impairment at each Balance Sheet date, if there is any indication of impairment based on internal and external factors.

1.13.2 Non-financial assets are treated as impaired when the carrying amount of such asset exceeds its recoverable value. After recognition of impairment loss, the depreciation for the said assets is provided for remaining useful life based on the revised carrying amount, less its residual value if any, on straight line basis.

1.13.3 An impairment loss is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired.

1.13.4 An impairment loss is reversed when there is an indication that the impairment loss may no longer exist or may have decreased.

1.14 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

1.14.1 Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.

1.14.2 Provisions are discounted if the effect of the time value of money is material, using pre-tax rates that reflects the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, an increase in the provisions due to the passage of time is recognised as finance cost. These provisions are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

1.14.3 The Company provides for the estimated expenses at fair value that are required to restore mines. The estimated restoration expenses are determined based on the estimated mineral reserves available. The actual expenses may vary based on the nature of restoration and estimate of restoration expenses. Mines restoration expenses are incurred on an on-going basis until the closure of mines. The total estimate of restoration expenses is reviewed periodically, on the basis of technical estimates and expected timing of these costs. The provision for this expense is included under “Cost of materials consumed” to the extent such mineral reserves were used in the production. The unwinding of the discount on provision is shown as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.14.4 Insurance claims are accounted on the basis of claims admitted or expected to be admitted and to the extent that the amount recoverable can be measured reliably and it is reasonable to expect ultimate collection. Any subsequent change in the recoverability is provided for. Contingent Assets are not recognised.

1.14.5 Contingent liability is a possible obligation that may arise from past events and its existence will be confirmed only by occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and the same are not recognised but disclosed in the financial statements.

1.15 Intangible Assets

1.15.1 The costs incurred in connection with securing right to extract mineral reserves are capitalised under “Mining Rights” and the costs of stripping overburden to gain access to limestone deposits and the present value of restoration liability, if materially significant, to the extent of exposed overburden area are capitalised under “Mine Development”.

1.15.2 The costs of computer software acquired and its subsequent improvements are capitalised. Internally generated software is not capitalized and the expenditure is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

1.15.3 The cost incurred for right to un-restricted usage of power transmission system for sale of power from Company’s captive thermal power plants to State grid and for drawal of power from State grid to its plant were capitalized as the Company is expected to yield future economic benefits.

1.15.4 Intangible Assets are amortised over their estimated useful life on straight line method. The estimated useful lives of intangible assets are assessed by the internal technical team. Its accounting classification is given below:

1.15.5 The intangible assets that are under development phase are carried at cost including related expenses and attributable interest, and are recognised as Intangible assets under development.

1.15.6 The residual values, useful lives and methods of amortisation of intangible asset are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

1.16 Investment Properties

1.16.1 An investment in land or buildings both furnished and unfurnished, which are held for earning rentals or capital appreciation or both rather than for use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes or sale in the ordinary course of business, are classified as investment properties.

1.16.2 Investment properties are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any except freehold land which is carried at cost.

1.16.3 The company identifies the significant parts of investment properties separately which are required to be replaced at intervals. Such parts are depreciated separately based on their specific useful lives determined on best estimate basis upon technical advice. The cost of replacement of significant parts are capitalised and the carrying amount of replaced parts are de-recognised. Other expenses including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts that does not meet the capitalisation criteria, are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

1.16.4 Depreciation on investment properties are calculated on straight-line method based on useful life of the significant parts as detailed below, that are different from the useful lives as prescribed under Part C of Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.

1.16.5 Investment properties are eliminated from the financial statements on disposal or when no further benefit is expected from its use and disposal. Gains or losses arising from disposal, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such investment properties, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Amount received towards investment properties that are impaired and derecognised in the financial statements, are recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss, when the recognition criteria are met.

1.16.6 The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of investment properties are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

1.17 Operating Segments

The Company’s business operation comprises of single operating segment viz., cement and cementitious materials. Operating segment has been identified on the basis of nature of products and reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to Chief operating Decision Maker.

1.18 Financial Instruments

1.18.1 A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

1.18.2 Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in the Balance sheet when and only when the Company has a legal right to offset the recognised amounts and intends either to settle on a net basis or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

1.18.3 The Company initially determines the classification of financial assets and liabilities. After initial recognition, no re-classification is made for financial assets which are categorised as equity instruments at FVTOCI and financial assets/liabilities that are specifically designated as FVTPL. However, other financial assets are re-classifiable when there is a change in the business model of the Company. When the Company reclassifies the financial assets, such reclassifications are done prospectively from the first day of the immediately next reporting period. The Company does not restate any previously recognised gains, losses including impairment gains or losses or interest.

Financial Assets

1.18.4 Financial assets comprises of investments in equity and mutual funds, trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents and other financial assets.

1.18.5 Depending on the business model (i.e) nature of transactions for managing those financial assets and its contractual cash flow characteristics, the financial assets are initially measured at fair value and subsequently measured and classified at:

a) Amortised cost; or

b) Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI); or

c) Fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Amortised cost represents carrying amount on initial recognition at fair value plus or minus transaction cost.

1.18.6 The Company has evaluated the facts and circumstances on date of transition to Ind AS for the purpose of classification and measurement of financial assets. Accordingly, financial assets are measured at FVTPL except for those financial assets whose contractual terms give rise to cash flows on specified dates that represents solely payments of principal and interest thereon, are measured as detailed below depending on the business model:

Investment in equity of subsidiary and associates are carried at cost (i.e) previous GAAP carrying amount as at the date of transition to Ind AS. The Company has exercised an irrevocable option at time of initial recognition to measure the changes in fair value of other equity investments at FVTOCI. Accordingly, the Company classifies its financial assets for measurement as below:

1.18.7 Financial assets are derecognised (i.e) removed from the financial statements, when its contractual rights to the cash flows expire or upon transfer of the said assets. The Company also derecognises when it has an obligation to adjust the cash flows arising from the financial asset with third party and either upon transfer of:

a. significant risk and rewards of the financial asset, or

b. control of the financial asset

However, the Company continue to recognise the transferred financial asset and its associated liability to the extent of its continuing involvement, which are measured on the basis of retainment of its rights and obligations of financial asset. The Company has applied the de-recognition requirements prospectively.

1.18.8 Upon derecognition of its financial asset or part thereof, the difference between the carrying amount measured at the date of recognition and the consideration received including any new asset obtained less any new liability assumed shall be recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.18.9 For impairment purposes, significant financial assets are tested on individual basis at each reporting date. Other financial assets are assessed collectively in groups that share similar credit risk characteristics. Accordingly, the impairment testing is done retrospectively on the following basis:

Financial Liabilities

1.18.10 Financial liabilities comprises of Borrowings from Banks, Debentures, Soft loan/Interest free loan from Government, Trade payables, Derivative financial instruments, Financial guarantee obligation and other financial liabilities.

1.18.11 The Company measures its financial liabilities as below:

1.18.12 Financial guarantee contracts issued by the company are those contracts that require a payment to be made to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because the specified debtor fails to make a payment when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument. Transaction cost of financial guarantee contracts that are directly attributable to the issuance of the guarantee are recognised initially as a liability at fair value. Subsequently, the liability is measured at the higher of the amount of loss allowance determined as per impairment requirements of Ind AS 109 and the amount recognised less cumulative amortization.

1.18.13 Financial liabilities are derecognised when and only when it is extinguished (i.e) when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged or cancelled or expired.

1.18.14 Upon derecognition of its financial liabilities or part thereof, the difference between the carrying amount of a financial liability that has been extinguished or transferred to another party and the consideration paid including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.19 Fair value measurement

1.19.1 Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

1.19.2 The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that the market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that the market participants act in the economic best interest.

1.19.3 All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured are disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole. The fair value hierarchy is described as below:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement are directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement are unobservable.

1.19.4 For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the Balance sheet on a recurring basis, the company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorisation at the end of each reporting period (i.e) based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole.

1.19.5 For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the company has determined the classes of assets and liabilities based on the nature, characteristics and risks of the assets or liabilities and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

1.19.6 The basis for fair value determination for measurement and/or disclosure purposes is detailed below:

Investments in Equity/Mutual Funds The fair value is determined by reference to their quoted prices at the reporting date. In the absence of the quoted price, the fair value of the equity is measured using valuation techniques.

Trade and other receivables

The fair value is estimated as the present value of the future cash flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the reporting date. However, the fair value generally approximates the carrying amount due to the short term nature of such assets.

Forward exchange contracts

The fair value of forward exchange contracts is based on the quoted price if available; otherwise it is estimated by discounting the difference between contractual forward price and current forward price for the residual maturity of the contract using government bond rates.

Non-derivative financial liabilities

The fair value of non-derivative financial liabilities viz, soft loan from government, deferred sales tax liability, borrowings are determined for disclosure purposes calculated based on the present value of future principal and interest cash flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the reporting date.

Financial guarantee obligation

The fair value of financial guarantee obligation with reference to loan availed by subsidiary/associates is determined on the basis of estimated cost involved in securing equivalent size of the guarantees from bank.

Investment Properties

The fair value is determined for disclosure purposes based on an annual evaluation performed by an internal technical team measured using the technique of quoted prices for similar assets in the active markets and further moderated by market corroborated inputs.

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Mar 31, 2015

1.1 Basis of Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements

2.1.1 The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India, and in compliance of the Accounting Standards specified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 and Companies Act, 2013, as applicable.

2.1.2 The accounting policies that are adopted in preparation of the financial statements are consistently followed as in the previous year except for change in the accounting policy for depreciation, as adopted consistently by the Company.

2.1.3 Pursuant to the notification of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 for computation of Depreciation with effect from 01-04-2014, the Company revised the useful life of its assets to align the useful life specified in Schedule II of the said Act. The depreciable amount for assets is the cost of an asset, or other amount substituted for cost, less 5% being its residual value. The carrying amount of the asset on 01-04-2014, after retaining the residual value, is adjusted in the Retained earnings, where the remaining useful life of an asset is Nil.

2.1.4 Assets individually costing Rs.5,000/- or less that were fully depreciated earlier in the year of purchase, are now depreciated based on the useful life considered by the Company for the respective category of assets.

2.1.5 The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees rounded to the nearest Crores with two decimals. The amount below the round off norm adopted by the company is denoted as Rs.0.00 Crores

2.1.6 The company generally follows mercantile system of accounting and recognizes significant items of income and expenditure on accrual basis.

2.1.7 The company has considered its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of Current or Non-current classification of Assets and Liabilities.

2.1.8 The previous year figures are regrouped / restated wherever necessary.

2.2 Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from these estimates in the future periods.

2.3 Inventories

2.3.1 Raw-materials, Components, Stores & Spares, Fuel, Packing materials etc., are valued at cost, computed on a moving weighted average basis including the cost incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition after providing for obsolescence and other losses or net realizable value whichever is lower. However, these items are considered to be realisable at cost, if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost.

2.3.2 Process Stock is valued at weighted average cost, including the cost of conversion with systematic allocation of production and administration overheads.

2.3.3 Finished goods are valued at cost or net realisable value whichever is lower. Cost includes cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventory to their present location and condition including excise duty.

2.4 Cash Flow Statement

2.4.1 Cash flows are presented using indirect method, whereby profit / (loss) before extraordinary items and tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature and any deferrals or accruals of past or future cash receipts or payments. The cash flow from operating, investing and financing activities of the company is segregated based on the available information.

2.4.2 Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash.

2.5 Depreciation & Amortisation

2.5.1 Depreciation has been provided for Tangible Assets on straight-line basis as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. Intangible Assets are amortised over their estimated useful life on straight line method. This is included under "Depreciation & Amortisation".

2.5.2 Extraction of mineral reserves is specifically excluded from the purview of AS-26; hitherto amortisation was not done for this intangible asset viz., "Mining rights". However after introduction of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, all assets including intangible assets are to be depreciated / amortised in accordance with its useful life (i.e.) based on remaining period of extraction rights as per the mining lease agreement. Accordingly, amortisation is provided during the year and the same is included under "Depreciation & Amortisation" and to that extent there is a change in accounting policy during the year.

2.5.3 The amortisation of intangible assets relating to development and reclamation of mines are included under "Cost of materials consumed."

2.5.4 The amortisation of intangible assets relating to installation of power transmission lines in connection with sale of power to Tamil Nadu Electricity Board is adjusted against "Profit on Sale of Power from TPP".

2.5.5 The amortisation of intangible assets relating to installation of power transmission lines in connection with purchase of power from Tamil Nadu Electricity Board is included under "Power & Fuel"

2.5.6 The useful life adopted for amortisation for computer software meant for process control is same as applicable to respective plant and equipments. For other software the useful life adopted is six years.

2.5.7 The estimated useful life of the intangible assets and the amortisation period are reviewed at the end of each financial year to reflect the changed pattern, if any.

2.6 Revenue Recognition

2.6.1 Revenue is recognised to the extent it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

2.6.2 Revenue from operations:

a. Sale of products is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer. It excludes Excise duty, Education Cess, Secondary and Higher education cess, VAT / CST, trade discounts, rebates and returns.

b. Industrial Promotion Assistance (IPA) is recognised when the company''s right to receive the same is established with reasonable certainty.

c. Power generated from Windmills:

Power generated from windmills that are covered under power purchase agreement with TANGEDCO are sold to State Electricity Boards at the rate fixed by respective State Electricity Regulatory Commissions and the income is included in Value of power generated from windmills.

Power generated from windmills that are covered under wheeling & banking arrangement with TANGEDCO, KPTCL & BESCOM are consumed at factories. The monetary values of such power generated that are captively consumed are not recognised as revenue because it is inter-divisional transfer.

2.6.3 Other income:

a. Interest income and Rental income are recognised on time proportion basis.

b. Dividend income is recognised when the company''s right to receive dividend is established.

c. Scrap sales does not include Excise duty, Education Cess, Secondary and Higher education cess, VAT / CST.

d. Profit on sale of Power from TPP, arising out of sale of surplus electricity generated from its thermal power plants after meeting its captive requirements, is recognised net off expenses attributable to it.

2.7 Tangible Fixed Assets

2.7.1. Tangible Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition (net of CENVAT / VAT wherever applicable) less accumulated depreciation / amortisation and impairment losses if any, except freehold land which is carried at cost. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing cost if capitalisation criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Machinery spares that are purchased alongwith the original equipments, machineries which can be used only in connection with an item of fixed asset and whose use is expected to be irregular are capitalised and depreciated over the useful life of the principal item of the relevant assets. Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.

All other expenses on fixed assets, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

2.7.2 Fixed assets acquired in full or part exchange for another asset are recorded at the fair market value or the net book value of the asset given up, adjusted for any balancing cash transaction. Fair market value is determined either for the assets acquired or asset given up, whichever is more clearly evident.

2.7.3 Gains or losses arising from disposal of fixed assets, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such assets, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.7.4 Projects under which tangible fixed assets are not yet ready for their intended use are carried at cost, including related expenses and attributable interest are recognised as capital work-in-progress.

2.8 Foreign currency transactions

2.8.1 All transactions in foreign currency are initially recognised at the exchange rates prevailing on that date.

2.8.2 Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies outstanding at the year end are translated at the rates prevailing on Balance Sheet date and the resultant gains or losses are recognised during the year.

2.8.3 In respect of forward exchange contracts to hedge currency risks, the difference between the forward rate and the exchange rate at the inception of a forward exchange contract is recognised as income or expense amortized over the life of the contract. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward exchange contract is recognised as income or expense in the period in which such cancellation or renewal is made.

2.8.4 The Exchange Differences arising on such contracts as on Balance Sheet date are recognised as income or expenses along with the exchange differences of the underlying assets and liabilities

2.9 Government Grants

2.9.1 Revenue related grants are recognised on accrual basis wherever there is reasonable certainty and are disclosed under other operating income. Receivables of such grants are shown under Loans and Advances.

2.9.2 Export benefits are accounted for in the year of exports based on eligibility and when there is no uncertainty in receiving the same. Receivables of such benefits are shown under Loans and Advances.

2.9.3 Capital related grant is accounted as "Capital Subsidy" under Reserves and Surplus upon fulfilment of conditions attached thereto and is not adjusted against Fixed Assets.

2.10 Investments

2.10.1 All investments being non-current and non-trade are valued at cost. Costs of investments include acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties.

2.10.2 The carrying amount of long term investments is determined on an individual investment basis.

2.10.3 As at the Balance Sheet date, provision for diminution is made to recognise the decline other than temporary, in the value of investments. The reduction in carrying amount is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss. This reduction amount is reversed when there is a rise in the value of investment other than temporary.

2.11 Investment Properties

2.11.1 An investment in land or buildings, which are not intended to be occupied substantially for use by, or in the operations of the company, are classified as investment properties.

2.11.2 Investment properties are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any.

2.11.3 Depreciation on buildings under investment properties are calculated on straight-line basis based on useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

2.11.4 Gains or losses arising from disposal of investment properties, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such investment properties, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.12 Employee Benefits

2.12.1 Short-term Employee Benefits viz., Salaries and Wages are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the related service is rendered.

2.12.2 Defined Contribution Plan viz., Contributions to Provident fund and Superannuation fund are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the employees have rendered services.

2.12.3 The company contributes monthly to Employees'' Provident Fund & Employees'' Pension Fund administered by the Employees'' Provident Fund Organisation, Government of India, at 12% of employee''s basic salary.

2.12.4 The company also contributes for superannuation a sum equivalent to 15% of the officer''s eligible annual basic salary. Out of the said 15% contribution, a sum upto Rs.1 Lac per annum is remitted to "The Ramco Cements Limited Officer''s Superannuation Fund" administered by trustees and managed by LIC of India. The balance amount, if any, is either remitted to National Pension System (NPS) subject to applicable ceiling or paid as salary at the option of employees. There are no other obligations other than the above defined contribution plans.

2.12.5 The Company has its own Defined Benefit plan viz., an approved Gratuity Fund. It is in the form of lump sum payments to vested employees on resignation, retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment of an amount equivalent to 15 day''s basic salary for each completed year of service. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of continuous service. The company makes annual contributions to "The Ramco Cements Limited Employees'' Gratuity Fund" administered by trustees and managed by LIC of India, based on the Actuarial Valuation by an independent external Actuary as at the Balance Sheet date using the Projected Unit Credit Method.

2.12.6 The company has a policy of providing encashment of un-availed leave to its employees. The expense is recognized at the present value of the amount payable determined based on an independent external Actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date, using Projected Unit Credit Method.

2.13 Borrowing costs

2.13.1 Borrowing cost include interest, amortisation of ancillary costs incurred and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost. Costs in connection with the borrowing of funds to the extent not directly related to the acquisition of qualifying assets are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.13.2 Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition and construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of those assets upto the date of capitalisation of such asset.

2.14 Segment Reporting

2.14.1 The company prepares its segment information in conformity with accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the company as a whole.

2.14.2 The company identifies business segment as the primary segment. Under the primary segment, there are two reportable segments viz., Cement and Power generation from Windmills.

2.14.3 Segments were identified considering the nature of the products, the differing risks and returns. The inter-segment transfers of units of power from windmills are recognised at the applicable tariff rates of the electricity boards for the purpose of segment reporting as per the relevant accounting standard.

2.14.4 The company caters mainly to the needs of the domestic market and thus there are no reportable geographical segments.

2.14.5 Costs are allocated to the respective segment based upon the actual incidence of respective cost. Unallocated items include general corporate income and expenses which are not allocated to any business segment.

2.15 Leases

2.15.1 Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vests with the Lessor are recognised as operating lease.

2.15.2 Operating lease receipts and payments are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on accrual basis as per the lease terms.

2.16 Earnings per share

Net profit after tax is divided by the weighted average number of equity shares including un-allotted Bonus shares outstanding during the year.

2.17 Income-tax

2.17.1 Current tax is the amount of tax payable on the taxable income for the year as determined in accordance with the applicable tax rates and the provisions of the Income tax Act, 1961 and other applicable tax laws.

2.17.2 Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future tax liability is recognised as an asset to the extent there is convincing evidence that the company will pay normal Income tax and it is highly probable that future economic benefits associated with it will flow to the company during the specified period. The said asset is recognised as "MAT Credit Entitlement" and the same is created by way of credit to the Statement of Profit and loss and shown as "MAT Credit Recognition". The company reviews the "MAT Credit Entitlement" at each Balance Sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of the same to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that the company will pay normal Income tax during the specified period.

2.17.3 Deferred tax is recognised on timing difference between taxable income and the accounting income that originates in one period and is capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. It is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date.

2.17.4 Deferred tax liability is recognised based on the accumulated timing difference using the tax rate that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the Balance Sheet date.

2.17.5 The Deferred tax assets are recognised for timing differences of items other than un-absorbed depreciation and carry forward losses only to the extent that reasonable certainty exists that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these can be realised. This is reviewed for realisability at each Balance Sheet date.

2.17.6 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by same governing tax laws and the company has legally enforceable right for such set off.

2.17.7 Deferred tax relating to items directly recognised in reserves is recognised in reserves and not in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.18 Intangible Assets

2.18.1 The cost of land acquired under lease securing right to use of land for a term in connection with installation of plants is capitalised.

2.18.2 The cost incurred in connection with securing right to extract mineral reserves on lease are capitalised.

2.18.3 Costs incurred for development and reclamation of mines are capitalised and amortised over the expected beneficial period, not exceeding five years.

2.18.4 The costs of computer software that are installed including process control software are accounted at cost of acquisition of such software and its subsequent improvements thereon are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment, if any. Internally generated software is not capitalized and the expenditure is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

2.18.5 Costs incurred for establishing power transmission system in connection with evacuation of power to Tamil Nadu Electricity Board from its Thermal Power Plants to sell its surplus power which are expected to yield enduring benefits are capitalised and amortised over the expected beneficial period, not exceeding five years.

2.18.6 Costs incurred for establishing power transmission system in connection with evacuation of power from Tamil Nadu Electricity Board to its Cement grinding plant which are expected to yield enduring benefits are capitalised and amortised over the expected beneficial period, not exceeding five years.

2.19 Joint Ventures

The Accounts of the company reflect its share of jointly controlled asset which is accounted on the basis of Joint venture Agreement.

2.20 Impairment of Assets

2.20.1 The carrying values of tangible assets, cash generating units and intangible assets at each Balance Sheet date are reviewed for impairment if any indication of impairment exists.

2.20.2 Tangible Asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of the asset exceeds its recoverable value. The intangible assets are treated as impaired when the asset is not available for use.

2.20.3 An impairment loss is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired.

2.21 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

2.21.1 Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Such provisions are not discounted to their present value except relating to retirement benefits. These provisions are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

2.21.2 Un-provided contingent liabilities are disclosed in the financial statements. Contingent Assets are not recognised.

2.21.3 Insurance claims are accounted for on the basis of claims admitted or expected to be admitted and to the extent that the amount recoverable can be measured reliably and it is reasonable to expect ultimate collection.

2.22 Research & Development expenditure

Expenditure on Research & Development of revenue nature incurred by the Company is charged to Statement of Profit & Loss under the respective revenue heads, while those of capital nature are treated as fixed assets, under the respective asset heads and depreciated in accordance with the policies stated for Tangible Fixed Assets.

(ii) Term/Rights attached to Equity Shares

The Company has one class of equity shares having a face value of Rs.1/- each. Each shareholder is eligible for one vote per share held. The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting.

(a) The company owned 1/6th share in the jointly owned Aircraft was sold during the year.

(b) Amortization of Mine development & reclamation is included in "Cost of materials consumed"

(c) Amortization of Power transmission system is adjusted in "Profit on sale of power from TPP" for Rs.1.97 Crores (PY: Rs.1.97 Crores) and in "Power & Fuel" for Rs.0.62 Crores (PY: Rs.0.21 Crores)

(d) The difference between Gross Block and Depreciation/Amortization pertaining to deductions on impairment is recognized as an Impairment Loss for Rs.1.60 Crores (PY: Rs.0.54 Crores) in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(e) The Depreciation amortisation amount of Rs.249.88 Crores (PY: Rs.306.29 Crores) as per Statement of Profit and Loss consist of the following:

Tangible Fixed Assets: Rs.236.31 Crores (PY: Rs.295.17 Crores); Mining Rights: Rs.1.18 Crores (PY: Nil); Computer Software: Rs.10.61 Crores (PY: Rs.10.27 Crores); Investment Property (Note 13): Rs.1.78 Crores (PY: Rs.0.85 Crores)

(f) Pursuant to implementation of depreciation methodology as per Companies Act 2013, the value of assets whose life is exhauseted as on 01-04-2014 has been adjusted to Retained Earnings.

(g) Adjustments include reclassification of Gross Block of Land (Cost: Rs.2.49 Crores) and Builidngs (Cost: Rs.4.92 Crores), Accumulated Depreciation (Rs.0.52 Crores) into Investment Property. (h The impact of change in accounting policy consequent to implementation of Depreciation methodology based on useful life of Asset is disclosed in Note 32.

(i) Previous years figures have been re-classified/regrouped wherever necessary.

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Mar 31, 2014

1.1 Basis of Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements

2.1.1. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India, and in compliance of the Accounting Standards notified under section 211(3C) of the Companies Act, 1956, which continues to be applicable in respect of Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 in terms of General Circular 15/2013 dated 13-09-2013 of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 and Companies Act, 2013, as applicable, as adopted consistently by the Company.

2.1.2 The financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees and the amounts are rounded to the nearest Crores with two decimals, except as stated otherwise.

2.1.3 The company generally follows mercantile system of accounting and recognizes significant items of income and expenditure on accrual basis.

2.1.4 The company has considered its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of Current or Non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

2.1.5 The previous year figures are regrouped / restated wherever necessary.

2.2 Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from these estimates in the future periods.

2.3 Tangible Fixed Assets

2.3.1. Tangible Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition (net of CENVAT / VAT wherever applicable) less accumulated depreciation / amortisation and impairment losses if any, except freehold land which is carried at cost. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing cost if capitalisation criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance. All other expenses on fixed assets, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

2.3.2 The cost of lands acquired under lease, other than the cost of development and extraction of mineral rights, are amortised equally over the lease period and such amount is included in Depreciation.

2.3.3 Depreciation has been provided on straight-line basis at the rates specified as per Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, prevailing at the time of acquisition of the asset.

2.3.4 Gains or losses arising from disposal of fixed assets, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such assets, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

2.4 Intangible Assets

2.4.1 The costs of computer software that are installed are accounted at cost of acquisition of such software and are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment, if any. Internally generated software is not capitalized and the expenditure is reflected in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

2.4.2 Costs incurred to secure right to extract mineral reserves are capitalised. Since extractions of mineral reserves are excluded by the relevant accounting standard, amortisation does not arise.

2.4.3 Costs incurred for development and reclamation of mines are capitalised and amortised over the expected beneficial period, not exceeding five years. The amortised expenditure is included under "Cost of materials consumed."

2.4.4 Costs incurred for installation of fly ash handling equipments to secure right to extract fly ash in Thermal power stations which are expected to yield enduring benefits are capitalised and amortised over the expected beneficial period, not exceeding five years. The amortised expenditure is included under "Cost of materials consumed."

2.4.5 Costs incurred for establishing power transmission system for Tamil Nadu Electricity Board to secure right to use the said system to evacuate power from the company''s thermal power plant which are expected to yield enduring benefits are capitalised and amortised over the expected beneficial period, not exceeding five years. The amortised expenditure is accounted under "Profit on Sale of Power from TPP."

2.5 Impairment of Assets

An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of the asset exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the statement of profit and loss in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired.

2.6 Investments

2.6.1 All investments being non-current and non-trade are valued at cost.

2.6.2 The carrying amount of long term investments is determined on an individual investment basis.

2.6.3 As at the balance sheet date, provision for diminution is made to recognise the decline other than temporary, in the value of investments. The reduction in carrying amount is charged to statement of profit and loss. This reduction amount is reversed when there is a rise in the value of investment other than temporary.

2.7 Investment Properties

2.7.1 An investment in land or buildings, which are not intended to be occupied substantially for use by, or in the operations of, the company, are classified as investment properties.

2.7.2 Investment properties are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

2.7.3 Depreciation on buildings under investment properties are calculated on straight-line basis using the rate prescribed under Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

2.7.4 Gains or losses arising from disposal of investment properties, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such investment properties, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

2.8 Inventories

2.8.1 Raw materials, Components, Stores & spares, coal, packing materials etc., are valued at cost, computed on a moving weighted average basis including the cost incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition or net realizable value whichever is lower.

2.8.2 Process Stock is valued at weighted average cost, including the cost of conversion with systematic allocation of production and administration overheads.

2.8.3 Finished goods are valued at cost or net realisable value whichever is lower. Cost includes cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventory to their present location and condition including excise duty.

2.9 Revenue Recognition

2.9.1 Revenue is recognised to the extent that is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

2.9.2 Revenue from operations for sale of products is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer. It excludes Excise duty, Education Cess, Secondary and Higher education cess, VAT / CST, trade discounts, rebates and returns.

2.9.3 Industrial promotion assistance (IPA) is recognised when the company''s right to receive the same is established with reasonable certainty.

2.9.4 Dividend income is recognised when the company''s right to receive dividend is established.

2.9.5. Scrap sales does not include Excise duty, Education Cess, Secondary and Higher education cess, VAT / CST.

2.9.6 Interest income and Rental income are recognised on time proportion basis.

2.9.7 Profit on sale of Power from TPP, arising out of sale of surplus electricity (generated from its thermal power plants) after meeting its captive requirements, is recognised net off expenses attributable to it.

2.9.8 Income from Wind Mills:

a. Under Power purchase agreement:

Units generated from windmills are sold to State Electricity Boards at the rate fixed by respective State Electricity Regulatory Commissions and the income is included in Value of power generated from wind mills.

b. Under wheeling and banking arrangement:

The monetary value of the power generated at wind farms that are consumed at factories are not recognised as revenue because it is inter-divisional transfer.

2.10 Employee Benefits

2.10.1 Short-term employee benefits viz., Salaries and Wages are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the statement of profit and loss for the year in which the related service is rendered.

2.10.2 Defined Contribution plan viz., Contributions to Provident fund and Superannuation fund are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss for the year in which the employees have rendered services.

2.10.3 The company contributes monthly to Employees'' Provident Fund and Employees'' Pension Fund administered by the Employees'' Provident Fund Organisation, Government of India, at 12% of employee''s basic salary.

2.10.4 The company also contributes for superannuation a sum equivalent to 15% of the officer''s eligible annual basic salary. Out of the said 15% contribution, a sum upto Rs.1 Lac per annum is remitted to "The Ramco Cements Limited Officers'' Superannuation Fund" administered by trustees and managed by LIC of India. The balance amount, if any, is either remitted to National pension system (NPS) subject to applicable ceiling or paid as salary at the option of employees. There are no other obligations other than the above defined contribution plans.

2.10.5 The Company has its own Defined Benefit plan viz., an approved Gratuity Fund. It is in the form of lump sum payments to vested employees on resignation, retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment of an amount equivalent to 15 day''s basic salary for each completed year of service. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of continuous service. The company makes annual contributions to "The Ramco Cements Limited Employees'' Gratuity Fund" administered by trustees and managed by LIC of India, based on the Actuarial Valuation by an independent external actuary as at the Balance sheet date using the projected unit credit method.

2.10.6 The company has a policy of providing encashment of unavailed leave to its employees. The expense is recognized at the present value of the amount payable determined based on an independent external actuarial valuation as at the balance sheet date, using projected unit credit method.

2.11 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

2.11.1 Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.

2.11.2 Unprovided contingent liabilities are disclosed in the financial statements. Contingent Assets are not recognised.

2.12 Research & Development Expenditure

Expenditure on Research & Development of revenue nature incurred by the Company is charged to statement of Profit & Loss under the respective revenue heads, while those of capital nature are treated as fixed assets, under the respective asset heads.

2.13 Borrowing Costs

2.13.1 Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition and construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of those assets.

2.13.2 All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.

2.14 Foreign Currency Transactions

2.14.1 All transactions in foreign currency are initially recognised at the exchange rates prevailing on that date.

2.14.2 Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies outstanding at the year end are translated at the rates prevailing on Balance sheet date and the resultant gains or losses are recognised during the year.

2.14.3 In respect of forward exchange contracts to hedge currency risks, the difference between the forward rate and the exchange rate at the inception of a forward exchange contract is recognised as income or expense amortized over the life of the contract.

2.14.4 The Exchange differences arising on such contracts as on Balance sheet date are recognised as income or expenses along with the exchange differences of the underlying assets and liabilities.

2.15 Earnings per Share

Net profit after tax is divided by the weighted average number of equity shares including unallotted Bonus shares outstanding during the year.

2.16 Government Grants

2.16.1 Revenue related grants are recognised on accrual basis wherever there is reasonable certainty and are disclosed under other operating income.

2.16.2 Receivables of such grants are shown under Loans and advances.

2.16.3 Capital related grant is accounted as "Capital Subsidy" under Reserves and Surplus upon fulfilment of conditions attached thereto and is not adjusted against Fixed Assets.

2.17 Income Tax

2.17.1 The current tax liability is recognised at the applicable tax rates in accordance with the Income tax Act, 1961.

2.17.2 The deferred tax liability is recognised based on the accumulated timing difference using the tax rate that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the balance sheet date.

2.17.3 The deferred tax assets are recognised and reviewed at each balance sheet date, only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.

2.17.4 Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) credit is recognised as an asset to the extent there is convincing evidence that the company will pay normal Income tax during the specified period. When the MAT credit becomes eligible to be recognised as an Asset viz., "MAT credit entitlement", the same is created by way of credit to the Statement of Profit and loss and shown as "MAT credit Recognition".

2.17.5 The company reviews the MAT credit at each Balance Sheet date and writes down the carrying amount of the same to the extent there is no longer convincing evidence to the effect that the company will pay normal Income tax during the specified period.

2.18 Segment Reporting

2.18.1 The company prepares its segment information in conformity with accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the company as a whole.

2.18.2 The company identifies business segment as the primary segment. Under the primary segment, there are two reportable segments viz., Cement and Power generation from Windmills.

2.18.3 Segments were identified considering the nature of the products, the differing risks and returns. The inter-segment transfers of units of power from windmills are recognised at the applicable tariff rates of the electricity boards for the purpose of segment reporting as per the relevant accounting standard.

2.18.4 The company caters mainly to the needs of the domestic market and thus there are no reportable geographical segments.

2.18.5 Costs are allocated to the respective segment based upon the actual incidence of respective cost. Unallocated items include general corporate income and expenses which are not allocated to any business segment.

2.19 Leases

2.19.1 Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vests with the lessor are recognised as operating lease.

2.19.2 Operating lease receipts / payments are recognised in the statement of profit and loss on accrual basis as per the lease terms and other considerations.

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Mar 31, 2013

1. Basis of preparation and presentation of financial statements

1.1 The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention and in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles, the mandatory Accounting Standards issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) and notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 as adopted consistently by the Company.

1.2 The company generally follows mercantile system of accounting and recognizes significant items of income and expenditure on accrual basis.

1.3 During the year the monetary value of the power generated at wind farms that are consumed at factories are not recognised as revenue in accordance with the announcement of ICAI on Treatment of inter-divisional transfers. Hitherto such value was recognised as revenue in the wind farms and included as expenditure in Cement divisions grouped under power & fuel. The change in presentation does not have any impact on the financial statements.

1.4 The previous year figures are regrouped / restated wherever necessary.

2. Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from these estimates in the future periods.

3. Tangible Fixed assets

3.1. Tangible Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition (net of CENVAT / VAT wherever applicable) less accumulated depreciation / amortisation and impairment losses if any, except freehold land which is carried at cost. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing cost if capitalisation criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance. All other expenses on fixed assets, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

3.2 The cost of lands acquired under lease, other than the cost of development and extraction of mineral rights, are amortised equally over the lease period and such amount is included in Depreciation.

3.3 Depreciation has been provided on straight-line basis at the rates specified under rules / Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, prevailing at the time of acquisition of the asset.

3.4 Gains or losses arising from disposal of fixed assets, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such assets, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

4. Intangible Assets

4.1 The costs of computer software that are installed are accounted at cost of acquisition of such software and are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment, if any. Internally generated software is not capitalized and the expenditure is reflected in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

4.2 Costs incurred to secure right to extract mineral reserves are capitalised. Since extractions of mineral reserves are excluded by AS-26, amortisation does not arise.

4.3 Costs incurred for development of mines are capitalised and amortised over the expected beneficial period, not exceeding five years. The amortised expenditure is included under "Cost of materials consumed"

4.4 Costs incurred for installation of fly ash handling equipments to secure right to extract fly ash in Thermal power stations which are expected to yield enduring benefits are capitalised and amortised over the expected beneficial period, not exceeding five years. The amortised expenditure is included under "Cost of materials consumed"

4.5 Costs incurred for establishing power transmission system for Tamil Nadu Electricity Board to secure right to use the said system to evacuate power from the company''s thermal power plant which are expected to yield enduring benefits are capitalised and amortised over the expected beneficial period, not exceeding five years. The amortised expenditure is accounted under "Profit on sale of power"

5. Impairment of Assets

An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of the asset exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the statement of profit and loss in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired.

6. Investments

All investments being non-current and non-trade are valued at cost. Provision for diminution is made to recognise the decline other than temporary, in the value of investments.

7. Investment Property

7.1 An investment in land or buildings, which is not intended to be occupied substantially for use by, or in the operations of, the company, is classified as investment property. Investment properties are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

7.2 Depreciation on building component of investment property is calculated on straight-line basis using the rate prescribed under Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

7.3 Gains or losses arising from disposal of investment properties, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such investment properties, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

8. Inventories

8.1 Raw-materials, Components, Stores & spares, coal, packing materials etc., are valued at cost, computed on a moving weighted average basis including the cost incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition or net realizable value whichever is lower.

8.2 Process Stock is valued at weighted average cost, including the cost of conversion with systematic allocation of production and administration overheads.

8.3 Finished goods are valued at cost or net realisable value whichever is lower. Cost includes cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventory to their present location and condition including excise duty.

9 Revenue recognition

9.1 Revenue is recognised to the extent that is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

9.2. Revenue from Sale of products is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer.

9.3 Revenue from operation excludes Excise duty, Education Cess, Secondary and Higher education cess, VAT / CST, trade discounts, rebates and returns.

9.4 Dividend income is recognised when the company''s right to receive dividend is established by the reporting date.

9.5 Income from Wind Mills:

a. Under Power purchase agreement:

Units generated from windmills are sold to State Electricity Boards at the rate fixed by respective State Electricity Regulatory Commissions and the income is included in Value of power generated from wind mills.

b. Under wheeling and banking arrangement:

The monetary value of the power generated at wind farms that are consumed at factories are not recognised as revenue because it is inter-divisional transfer.

10. Employee Benefits

10.1 Short-term employee benefits viz., Salaries and Wages are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the statement of profit and loss for the year in which the related service is rendered.

10.2 Provident Fund:

Defined Contribution plan viz., Contributions to Provident fund and Superannuation fund are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss for the year in which the employees have rendered services. The company contributes monthly to Employees'' Provident Fund and Employees'' Pension Fund administered by the Employees'' Provident Fund Organisation, Government of India, at 12% of employee''s basic salary.

Pension Fund:

The company also contributes for superannuation a sum equivalent to 15% of the officer''s eligible annual basic salary. Out of the said 15% contribution, a sum upto Rs.1 Lac per annum is remitted to Madras Cements Ltd. Officer''s Superannuation Fund administered by trustees and managed by LIC of India. The balance amount, if any, is either remitted to National pension system (NPS) or paid as salary at the option of employees. There are no other obligations other than the above defined contribution plans.

10.3 Defined Benefit Plan:

Gratuity:

The Company has its own approved Gratuity Fund. It is in the form of lump sum payments to vested employees on resignation, retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment of an amount equivalent to 15 days'' basic salary for each completed year of service. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of continuous service. The company makes annual contributions to The Madras Cements Ltd. Employees'' Gratuity Fund administered by trustees and managed by LIC of India, based on the Actuarial Valuation by an independent external actuary as at the Balance sheet date using the projected unit credit method.

Leave Encashment:

The company has a policy of providing encashment of unavailed leave to its employees. The expense is recognized at the present value of the amount payable determined based on an independent external actuarial valuation as at the balance sheet date, using projected unit credit method.

11. Provisions, Contingent liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Unprovided contingent liabilities are disclosed in the financial statements. Contingent Assets are not recognised.

12. Research & development expenditure

Expenditure on Research & Development of revenue nature incurred by the Company is charged to statement of Profit & Loss under the respective revenue heads, while those of capital nature are treated as fixed assets, under the respective asset heads.

13. Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition and construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of those assets as per AS-16. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.

14. Foreign currency transactions

14.1 All transactions in foreign currency are initially recognised at the exchange rates prevailing on that date.

14.2 Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies outstanding at the year end are translated at the rates prevailing on Balance sheet date and the resultant gains or losses are recognised during the year.

14.3 In respect of forward exchange contracts to hedge currency risks, the difference between the forward rate and the exchange rate at the inception of a forward exchange contract is recognised as income or expense amortized over the life of the contract.

14.4 The Exchange differences arising on such contracts are recognised as income or expenses along with the exchange differences of the underlying assets and liabilities.

15. Earnings per share

Net profit after tax is divided by the weighted average number of equity shares including unallotted Bonus shares outstanding during the year.

16. Government Grants

Revenue related grants are recognised on accrual basis wherever there is reasonable certainty and are disclosed under other operating income. Receivables of such grants are shown under Loans and advances. Capital related grants are accounted upon fulfilment of conditions attached thereto.

17. Income-tax

The tax provision is considered as stipulated in AS-22 (Accounting for Taxes on income) and includes current and deferred tax liability. The current tax liability is recognised at applicable tax rates. The deferred tax liability is recognised based on the accumulated timing difference using the tax rate that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the balance sheet date.

18. Segment Reporting

18.1 The company prepares its segment information in conformity with accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the company as a whole.

18.2 The company identifies business segment as the primary segment as per AS-17. Under the primary segment, there are two reportable segments viz., Cement and Power generation from Windmills. These were identified considering the nature of the products, the differing risks and returns. The inter-segment transfers of units of power from windmills are recognised at the applicable tariff rates of the electricity boards.

18.3 The company caters mainly to the needs of the domestic market and thus there are no reportable geographical segments.

18.4 Costs are allocated to the respective segment based upon the actual incidence of respective cost. Unallocated items include general corporate income and expenses which are not allocated to any business segment.

19. Leases

19.1 Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vests with the lessor are recognised as operating lease.

19.2 Operating lease receipts / payments are recognised in the statement of profit and loss on accrual basis as per the lease terms and other considerations.

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Mar 31, 2012

1. Basis of preparation and presentation of financial statements

1.1 The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention and in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles, the mandatory Accounting Standards issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 as adopted consistently by the Company.

1.2 The company generally follows mercantile system of accounting and recognizes significant items of income and expenditure on accrual basis.

1.3 From the beginning of the reporting period, the revised Schedule VI notified under the Companies Act, 1956 has become applicable to the company, for preparation and presentation of its financial statements which has significant impact on presentation and disclosures made in the financial statements. The company has also reclassified the previous year figures in accordance with the requirements applicable in the current year. Current year and previous year figures have been reported in Crores with two decimals.

2. Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon management's best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from these estimates in the future periods.

3. Tangible Fixed Assets

3.1. Tangible Fixed Assets are stated at cost of acquisition (net of CENVAT / VAT wherever applicable) less accumulated depreciation / amortisation and impairment losses if any, except freehold land which is carried at cost less impairment losses if any. The cost comprises purchase price, borrowing cost if capitalisation criteria are met and directly attributable cost of bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance. All other expenses on fixed assets, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

3.2 The lands acquired under lease, other than the cost of development and extraction of mineral rights, are amortised equally over the lease period and such amount is included in Depreciation.

3.3 Depreciation has been provided on straight-line basis at the rates specified under rules / Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, prevailing at the time of acquisition of the asset.

3.4 Gains or losses arising from disposal of fixed assets, are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such assets and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

4. Intangible Assets

4.1 The costs of computer software that are installed are accounted at cost of acquisition of such software and are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment, if any. Internally generated software is not capitalized and the expenditure is reflected in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

4.2 Costs incurred to secure right to extract mineral reserves are capitalised which are not amortised in accordance with AS-26.

4.3 Costs incurred for development of mines are capitalised and amortised over the expected beneficial period, not exceeding five years. The amortised expenditure is included under "Cost of materials consumed".

4.4 Costs incurred for installation of fly ash handling equipments to secure right to extract fly ash in Thermal power stations which are expected to yield enduring benefits are capitalised and amortised over the expected beneficial period, not exceeding five years. The amortised expenditure is included under "Cost of materials consumed".

5. Impairment of Assets

An asset is treated as impaired when carrying cost of the asset exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the statement of profit and loss in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired.

6. Investments

All investments being non-current and non-trade are valued at cost. Provision for diminution is made to recognise the decline other than temporary, in the value of investments.

7. Investment Property

7.1 An investment in land or buildings, which is not intended to be occupied substantially for use by, or in the operations of, the company, is classified as investment property. Investment properties are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss if any.

7.2 Depreciation on building component of investment property is calculated on straight-line basis using the rate prescribed under Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

7.3 Gains or losses arising from disposal of investment properties, are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of such investment properties and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

8. Inventories

8.1 Raw Materials, Components, Stores & Spares, Coal, Packing Materials etc., are valued at cost, computed on a moving weighted average basis including the cost incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition or net realizable value whichever is lower.

8.2 Process Stock is valued at weighted average cost, including the cost of conversion. The cost of conversion includes direct costs, including a systematic allocation of production and administration overheads.

8.3 Finished goods are valued at cost or net realisable value whichever is lower. Cost includes cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventory to their present location and condition including excise duty.

9 Revenue recognition

9.1 Revenue is recognised to the extent that is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

9.2. Sale of products is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer.

9.3 Revenue from operation excludes Excise Duty, Education Cess, Secondary and Higher Education Cess, VAT and CST.

9.4 Dividend income is recognised when the company's right to receive dividend is established by the reporting date.

9.5 Income from Wind Mills

a. Under wheeling and banking arrangement

Units generated from wind mills are adjusted against the consumption of power at the factories. The monetary value of the units so adjusted, calculated at the prevailing EB rates net of wheeling charges has been included in power & fuel. The value of unadjusted units as on the Balance Sheet date has been included under short term loans and advances.

b. Under Power Purchase Agreement

Units generated from windmills are sold to State Electricity Boards at the rate fixed by respective State Electricity Regulatory Commissions and the income is included in Value of power generated from wind mills.

10. Employee Benefits

10.1 Short-term employee benefits viz., Salaries and Wages are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the statement of profit and loss for the year in which the related service is rendered.

10.2 Defined Contribution plan viz., Contributions to Provident fund and Superannuation fund are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss for the year in which the employees have rendered services. The company contributes monthly to Employees' Provident Fund and Employees' Pension Fund administered by the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation, Government of India, at 12% of employee's basic salary. The company also contributes annually for superannuation a sum equivalent to 15% of the officer's eligible annual basic salary subject to a maximum of Rs.1 Lac per annum to Madras Cements Ltd. Officer's Superannuation Fund administered by trustees and managed by LIC of India. There are no other obligations other than the above defined contribution plans.

10.3 Defined Benefit Plan Gratuity

The Company has its own approved Gratuity Fund. It is in the form of lump sum payments to vested employees on resignation, retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment of an amount equivalent to 15 Day's basic salary for each completed year of service. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of continuous service. The company makes annual contributions to The Madras Cements Ltd. Employees' Gratuity Fund administered by trustees and managed by LIC of India, based on the Actuarial Valuation by an independent external actuary as at the Balance sheet date using the projected unit credit method.

Leave Encashment

The company has a policy of providing encashment of unavailed leave to its employees. The expense is recognized at the present value of the amount payable determined based on an independent external actuarial valuation as at the balance sheet date, using projected unit credit method.

11. Provisions, Contingent liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Un-provided contingent liabilities are disclosed in the financial statements. Contingent Assets are not recognised.

12. Research & Development expenditure

Expenditure on Research & Development of revenue nature incurred by the Company is charged to statement of Profit & Loss under the respective revenue heads, while those of capital nature are treated as fixed assets, under the respective asset heads.

13. Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition and construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of those assets as per AS-16. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.

14. Foreign currency transactions

14.1 Transactions in Foreign Currency are accounted at the exchange rates prevailing at the time of transaction.

14.2 Covered liabilities in foreign currencies are accounted at the rate at which they have been covered. Uncovered liabilities in Foreign Currency are accounted at the rates as on the Balance Sheet date.

14.3 The difference between the forward rate and the exchange rate at the inception of a forward exchange contract is recognised as income or expense over the life of the contract.

14.4 Exchange difference in respect of uncovered foreign currency liabilities are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

15. Earnings per share

Net profit after tax is divided by the weighted average number of equity shares including un-allotted Bonus shares outstanding during the year.

16. Government Grants

Revenue related grants are recognised on accrual basis wherever there is reasonable certainty and are disclosed under other operating income. Receivables of such grants are shown under Loans and advances. Capital related grants are accounted upon fulfilment of conditions attached thereto.

17. Income-tax

The tax provision is considered as stipulated in AS-22 (Accounting for Taxes on Income) and includes current and deferred tax liability. The company recognises the deferred tax liability based on the accumulated timing difference using the current tax rate.

18. Segment Reporting

18.1 The company identifies business segment as the primary segment as per AS-17. Under the primary segment, there are two reportable segments viz., Cement and Power generation from Windmills. These are identified considering the nature of the products, the differing risks and returns. The valuation of inter segment transfers are based on prevailing market prices.

18.2 The company caters mainly to the needs of the domestic market and thus there are no reportable geographical segments.

18.3 Costs are allocated to the respective segment based upon the actual incidence of respective cost. Unallocated items include general corporate income and expenses which are not allocated to any business segment.

18.4 The company prepares its segment information in conformity with accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the company as a whole.

19. Leases

19.1 Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vests with the lessor are recognised as operating lease.

19.2 Operating lease receipts / payments are recognised in the statement of profit and loss on accrual basis as per the lease terms and other considerations.

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Mar 31, 2011

A Basis of preparation of financial statements

1. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention and in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles, the mandatory Accounting Standards issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 as adopted consistently by the Company.

2. The company generally follows mercantile system of accounting and recognizes significant items of income and expenditure on accrual basis.

B Investments

All investments being long term & non-trade are valued at cost. Provision for diminution is made to recognise the decline other than temporary, in the value of investments.

C Fixed assets

Fixed Assets are accounted at acquisition cost (net of CENVAT / VAT wherever applicable) less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation has been provided on straight-line basis at the rates specified under rules/Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, prevailing at the time of acquisition of the asset. The lands acquired under lease, other than the cost of development and extraction of mineral rights, are amortised equally over the lease period and such amount is included in Depreciation.

D Inventories

1. Raw materials, stores, spares, coal, packing materials, etc. are valued at cost, computed on a moving weighted average basis including the cost incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition or net realizable value whichever is lower.

2. Process Stock is valued at weighted average cost, including the cost of conversion. The cost of conversion includes direct costs, including a systematic allocation of production and administration overheads.

3. Finished goods are valued at cost or net realisable value whichever is lower. Cost includes cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventory to their present location and condition including excise duty.

E Sales

Net Sales exclude Excise Duty, Education Cess, Secondary and Higher education Cess and VAT / CST.

F Income from Wind Mills

1. Under wheeling and banking arrangement:

Units generated from windmills are adjusted against the consumption of power at factories. The monetary value of the units so adjusted, calculated at the prevailing EB rates net of wheeling charges has been included in power & fuel. The value of unadjusted units as on the Balance Sheet date has been included in Advances recoverable in cash or in kind under the schedule loans and advances.

2. Under Power purchase agreement:

Units generated from windmills are sold to State Electricity Board at agreed rates and the income is included in Value of power generated from wind mills.

G Employee Benefits

1. Short-term employee benefits viz., Salaries and Wages are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the profit and loss account for the year in which the related service is rendered.

2. Defined Contribution plan viz., Contributions to Provident fund and Superannuation fund are recognized as an expense in the profit and loss account for the year in which the employees have rendered services. The company contributes monthly to Provident fund administered by the Government at 12% of employees basic salary. The company also contributes annually for superannuation a sum equivalent to 15% of the employees eligible annual basic salary subject to a maximum of Rs.1 Lac per annum to funds administered by trustees and managed by LIC of India. There are no other obligations other than the above defined contribution plans.

3. Defined Benefit Plan:

Gratuity:

The Company has its own approved Gratuity Fund. It is in the form of lump sum payments to vested employees on resignation, retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment of an amount equivalent

to 15 Days basic salary for each completed year of service. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of continuous service. The company makes annual contributions to funds administered by trustees and managed by LIC of India, based on the Actuarial Valuation by an independent external actuary as at the Balance sheet date using the projected unit credit method.

Leave Encashment:

The company has a policy of encashing unavailed leave for its employees. The obligation for the leave encashment is recognised based on an independent external actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. The expense is recognized at the present value of the amount payable determined based on actuarial valuation using projected unit credit method.

H Provisions, Contingent liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Unprovided contingent liabilities are disclosed in the Accounts by way of Notes. Contingent Assets are not recognised.

I Research & Development Expenditure

Expenditure on Research & Development of revenue nature incurred by the Company is charged to Profit & Loss Account under the respective revenue heads, while those of capital nature are treated as fixed assets.

J Borrowing costs

Borrowing Costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition and construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of those assets as per AS-16. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.

K Foreign currency transactions

1. Transactions in Foreign Currency are accounted at the exchange rates prevailing at the time of transaction.

2. Covered liabilities in foreign currencies are accounted at the rate at which they have been covered. Uncovered liabilities in Foreign Currency are accounted at the rates as on the Balance Sheet date.

3. The difference between the forward rate and the exchange rate at the inception of a forward exchange contract is recognised as income or expense over the life of the contract.

4. Exchange difference in respect of uncovered foreign currency liabilities are recognised in the profit and loss account.

L Earnings per share

Net profit after tax is divided by the weighted average number of equity shares including un-allotted Bonus shares outstanding during the year.

M Government Grants

Revenue related grants are recognised on accrual basis wherever there is reasonable certainty and are disclosed under other income. Receivables of such grants are shown under Loans and advances. Capital related grants are accounted upon fulfilment of conditions attached thereto.

N Income-tax

The tax provision is considered as stipulated in AS-22 (Accounting for Taxes on income) and includes current and deferred tax liability. The company recognises the deferred tax liability based on the accumulated timing difference using the current tax rate.

O Segment Reporting

The company identifies business segment as the primary segment as per AS-17. Under the primary segment, there are two reportable segments viz., Cement and Power generation from Windmills. These were identified considering the nature of the products, the differing risks and returns. The valuation of inter segment transfers are based on prevailing market prices.

The company caters mainly to the needs of the domestic market and thus there are no reportable geographical segments.

P Miscellaneous Expenditure

Mining development expenditure and amount spent for installation of fly ash handling equipments in Thermal power stations in connection with collection of fly ash which are expected to yield enduring benefits are held under Miscellaneous Expenditure and amortised over the expected beneficial period, not exceeding five years.

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Mar 31, 2010

A Basis of preparation of financial statements

1. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention and in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles, the mandatory Accounting Standards issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 as adopted consistently by the Company.

2. The company generally follows mercantile system of accounting and recognizes significant items of income and expenditure on accrual basis.

B Investments

All investments being long term & non-trade are valued at cost. Provision for diminution is made to recognise the decline other than temporary, in the value of investments.

C Fixed assets

Fixed Assets are accounted at acquisition cost (net of CENVAT / VAT wherever applicable) less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation has been provided on straight-line basis at the rates specified under rules/Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, prevailing at the time of acquisition of the asset. The lands acquired under lease, other than the cost of development and extraction of mineral rights, are amortised equally over the lease period and such amount is included in Depreciation.

D Inventories

1. Raw-materials, stores, spares, coal, packing materials, etc. are valued at cost, computed on a moving weighted average basis including the cost incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition or net realizable value whichever is lower.

2. Process Stock is valued at weighted average cost, including the cost of conversion. The cost of conversion includes direct costs, including a systematic allocation of production and administration overheads.

3. Finished goods are valued at cost or net realisable value whichever is lower. Cost includes cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventory to their present location and condition including excise duty.

E Sales

Net Sales exclude Excise Duty, Education Cess, Secondary and Higher education Cess and VAT / CST.

F Income from Wind Mills

1. Under wheeling and banking arrangement:

Units generated from windmills are adjusted against the consumption of power at our factories. The monetary value of the units so adjusted, calculated at the prevailing EB rates net of wheeling charges has been included in power & fuel. The value of unadjusted units as on the Balance Sheet date has been included in Advances recoverable in cash or in kind under the schedule Loans and Advances.

2. Under Power purchase agreement:

Units generated from windmills are sold to State Electricity Board at agreed rates and the income is included in value of power generated from wind mills.

G Employee Benefits

1. Short-term employee benefits viz., Salaries and Wages are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the profit and loss account for the year in which the related service is rendered.

2. Defined Contribution plan viz., Contributions to Provident Fund and Superannuation Fund are recognized as an expense in the profit and loss account for the year in which the employees have rendered services. The company contributes monthly to Provident Fund administered by the Government at 12% of employee’s basic salary. The company also contributes annually for superannuation a sum equivalent to 15% of the employee’s eligible annual basic salary subject to a maximum of Rs.1 Lac per annum to funds administered by trustees and managed by LIC of India. There are no other obligations other than the above defined contribution plans.

3. Defined Benefit Plan:

Gratuity:

The Company has its own approved Gratuity Fund. It is in the form of lump sum payments to vested employees on resignation, retirement, death while in employment or on termination of employment of an amount equivalent to 15 Days’ basic salary for each completed year of service. Vesting occurs upon completion of five years of continuous service. The company makes annual contributions to funds administered by trustees and managed by LIC of India, based on the Actuarial Valuation by an independent external actuary as at the Balance Sheet date using the projected unit credit method.

Leave Encashment:

The company has a policy of encashing unavailed leave for its employees. The obligation for the leave encashment is recognised based on an independent external actuarial valuation as at the Balance Sheet date. The expense is recognized at the present value of the amount payable determined based on actuarial valuation using projected unit credit method.

H Provisions, Contingent liabilities and Contingent Assets

Provisions involving substantial degree of estimation in measurement are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that there will be an outflow of resources. Un-provided contingent liabilities are disclosed in the Accounts by way of Notes. Contingent Assets are not recognised.

I Research & Development Expenditure

Expenditure on Research & Development of revenue nature incurred by the Company is charged to Profit & Loss Account under the respective revenue heads, while those of capital nature are treated as fixed assets.

J Borrowing Costs

Borrowing Costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition and construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of those assets as per AS-16. All other borrowing costs are charged to revenue.

K Foreign Currency Transactions

1. Transactions in Foreign Currency are accounted at the exchange rates prevailing at the time of transaction.

2. Covered liabilities in foreign currencies are accounted at the rate at which they have been covered. Uncovered liabilities in Foreign Currency are accounted at the rates as on the Balance Sheet date.

3. The difference between the forward rate and the exchange rate at the inception of a forward exchange contract is recognised as income or expense over the life of the contract.

4. Exchange difference in respect of uncovered foreign currency liabilities are recognised in the profit and loss account.

L Earnings per share

Net profit after tax is divided by the weighted average number of equity shares including unissued Bonus shares outstanding during the year.

M Income-tax

The tax provision is considered as stipulated in AS-22 (Accounting for Taxes on Income) and includes current and deferred tax liability. The company recognises the deferred tax liability based on the accumulated timing difference using the current tax rate.

N Segment Reporting

The company identifies business segment as the primary segment as per AS-17. Under the primary segment, there are two reportable segments viz., Cement and Power generation from Windmills. These were identified considering the nature of the products, the differing risks and returns. The valuation of inter segment transfers are based on prevailing market prices.

The company caters mainly to the needs of the domestic market and thus there are no reportable geographical segments

O Miscellaneous Expenditure

Compensation paid under Voluntary Retirement Schemes, Mining development expenditure and amount spent for installation of fly ash handling equipments in Thermal power stations in connection with collection of fly ash which are expected to yield enduring benefits are held under Miscellaneous Expenditure and amortised over the expected beneficial period, not exceeding five years.