Mar 31, 2024
This note provides a list of the significant accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these separate financial statements
of the Company. These policies have been consistently applied to all the periods presented, unless otherwise stated.
(i) Compliance with Ind AS
The separate financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standard)
Rules, 2015 under the historical cost convention as a going concern on an accrual basis expect for certain financial
instruments which are measured at fair value. The financial statements up to year ended 31 March 2017 were prepared
earlier in accordance with the accounting standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standard) Rules, 2006 (as
amended) and other relevant provisions of the Act.
(ii) Historical cost convention
The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following:
- equity investments in entities other than subsidiary, joint ventures and associate which are measured at fair value;
- Certain financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value;
- defined benefit plans - plan assets measured at fair value.
(iii) Use of estimates
In preparing the financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, management is
required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities
and the disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of financial statements and the amounts of revenue and
expenses during the reported period. The estimates and assumptions used in the accompanying financial statements are
based upon management''s evaluation of facts and circumstances as at the date of the financial statement. Actual results
could differ from those estimates. Estimates and underlying assumption are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Any revision
to such estimates is recognised in the period the same is determined.
Property, plant and equipment is stated at historical cost less depreciation. Historical Cost represents direct expenses
incurred on acquisition of the assets and the share of indirect expenses relating to acquisition allocated in proportion to the
direct cost involved. Subsequent costs are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as
appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and
the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is
derecognised when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to statement of profit or loss during the
reporting period in which they are incurred.
Depreciation methods, estimated useful lives and residual value
Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is provided on ''Written Down Value Method'' based on useful life as
prescribed under Schedule II to the Companies Act 2013. The residual values are not more than 5% of the original cost of the
asset. The assets''residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting
period.
Derecognition
The carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised on disposal or when no future benefits are
expected from its use or disposal. Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying
amount. These are included in profit or loss within other gains/(losses).
Measurement at recognition:
Intangible Assets are stated at acquisition cost, net of accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.
Intangible assets are amortised on a straight line basis over their estimated useful lives. The amortisation period and the
amortisation method are reviewed at least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the asset is significantly
different from previous estimates, the amortisation period is changed accordingly.
Costs associated with maintaining software programmes are recognised as an expense as incurred. Development costs that
are directly attributable to the design and testing of identifiable and unique software products controlled by the Company
are recognised as intangible assets when it is technically feasible to complete the software so that it will be available for use,
management intends to complete the software and use or sell it, there is an ability to use or sell the software, it can be
demonstrated how the software will generate probable future economic benefits, adequate technical, financial and other
resources to complete the development and to use or sell the software are available, and the expenditure attributable to the
software during its development can be reliably measured. Directly attributable costs that are capitalised as part of the
software include employee costs and an appropriate portion of relevant overheads.
Derecognition:
The carrying amount of an intangible asset is derecognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected
from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of an intangible asset are determined as the
difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and recognised as income or expense in
the Statement of Profit and Loss.
(d) FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity
instrument of another entity.
(I) FINANCIAL ASSETS:
(A) Classification:
The Company classifies financial assets as subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other
comprehensive income (FVOCI) or fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) on the basis of its business model for managing
the financial assets and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.
(B) Initial recognition and measurement:
A financial asset is classified as measured at
â Amortised Cost;
â FVOCI â debt investment;
â FVOCI - equity investment; or â FVTPL
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at FVTPL,
transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that
require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way
trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.
Debt investment:
A ''debt investment'' is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:
a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and
b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and
interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.
After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective
interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium and fees or costs
that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the profit or loss. Debt
investment included within the fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL) category are measured at fair value with all
changes recognized in the statement of profit and loss.
Equity investment:
The Company subsequently measures all equity investments in companies other than equity investments in subsidiaries,
joint ventures and associates at fair value. Where the Company''s management has elected to present fair value gains and
losses on equity investments in other comprehensive income, there is no subsequent reclassification of fair value gains
and losses to profit or loss. Dividends from such investments are recognised in profit or loss as other income when the
Company''s right to receive payments is established.
(C) Derecognition:
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is
primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company''s balance sheet) when the rights to receive cash flows from the
asset have expired, or the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an
obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ''pass-through''
arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the
Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred
control of the asset.
When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through
arrangement, it evaluates'' if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither
transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the
Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company''s continuing involvement. In that
case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured
on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.
Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the
original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to
repay.
(D) Impairment:
In accordance with Ind-AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition
of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:
a) Financial assets that are debt investments, and are measured at amortised cost e.g., loans, debt securities, deposits,
and bank balance, Lease receivables and Trade receivables
The Company follows ''simplified approach'' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on:Trade receivables which do
not contain a significant financing component.
All lease receivables resulting from transactions.
The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises
impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.
For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether
there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly,
12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is
used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant
increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based
on 12-month ECL.
(ii) FINANCIAL LIABILITIES:
(A) Classification:
The Company classifies all financial liabilities as subsequently measured at amortised cost, except for financial liabilities
at fair value through profit or loss. Such liabilities, including derivatives that are liabilities, shall be subsequently
measured at fair value.
(B) Initial recognition and measurement:
Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and
borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of
directly attributable transaction costs.
The Company''s Financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts,
financial guarantee contracts and derivative financial instruments.
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities
designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if
they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial
instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined
by Ind-AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective
hedging instruments.
Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the profit or loss. Financial liabilities designated upon initial
recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind-AS
109 are satisfied. For liabilities designated as FVTPL, fair value gains/ losses attributable to changes in own credit risk are
recognized in OCI. These gains/loss are not subsequently transferred to profit and loss. However, the Company may transfer
the cumulative gain or loss within equity. All other changes in fair value of such liability are recognised in the statement of
profit or loss. The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit and loss.
Loans and borrowings
After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the
effective interest rate (EIR) method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognized.
Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an
integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.
This category generally applies to interest-bearing loans and borrowings.
Preference shares, which are mandatorily redeemable on a specific date, are classified as liabilities. The dividends on these
preference shares are recognised in profit or loss as finance costs.
Where the terms of a financial liability are renegotiated and the entity issues equity instruments to a creditor to extinguish all
or part of the liability (debt for equity swap), a gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss, which is measured as the difference
between the carrying amount of the financial liability and the fair value of the equity instruments issued.
(C) Derecognition:
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an
existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an
existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original
liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the
statement of profit or loss.
(iii) OFFSETTING FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT:
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet where there is a legally
enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and
settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be
enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the
counterparty.
(iv) DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT:
The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as foreign exchange forward contracts to manage its exposure to
interest rate and foreign exchange risks. For contracts where hedge accounting is not followed, such derivative financial
instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are
subsequently re-measured at fair value through profit or loss account. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the
fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.
(v) INCOME RECOGNITION:
Interest income from debt instruments is recognised using the effective interest rate method. The effective interest rate
is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to the
gross carrying amount of a financial asset. When calculating the effective interest rate, the company estimates the
expected cash flows by considering all the contractual terms of the financial instrument (for example, prepayment,
extension, call and similar options) but does not consider the expected credit losses.
Cash and Cash equivalents for the purpose of Cash Flow Statement comprise cash and cheques in hand, bank balances,
demand deposits with banks where the original maturity is three months or less and other short term highly liquid
investments. To be classified as cash and cash equivalents, the financial asset must:
- be readily convertible into cash;
- have an insignificant risk of changes in value; and
- have a maturity period of three months or less at acquisition.
Bank overdrafts are repayable on demand and form an integral part of an entity''s cash management, and are included as a
component of cash and cash equivalents. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities in the balance sheet.
The company recognizes revenue when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured, it is probable that future economic
benefits will flow to the entity after providing the services to the customers.
(i) Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for goods supplied and services
rendered, net of returns and discounts to customers. Revenue from the sale of goods includes duties which the Company
pays as a principal but excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties, such as goods and service tax and other
value added tax.
Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to
the customer, which is mainly upon delivery, the amount of revenue can be measured reliably and recovery of the
consideration is probable.
(ii) Revenue from interest is recognised on time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate
applicable.
The company uses significant judgments in accordance with IND AS 115 while determining the transaction price
allocated to performance obligations using the expected cost plus margin approach.
Provisions for estimated losses are recorded in the period in which such losses become probable based on the expected
contract estimates at the reporting date.
The standard (IND AS 115) permits two possible methods of transition:
Retrospective approach - Under this approach, the standard will be applied retrospectively to each prior reporting
period presented in accordance with Ind As 8 - Accounting policies, Changes in Accounting estimates and Errors.
The Company has adopted the Standard (Ind AS-115) on and from April 1, 2018 by using cumulative catch up transaction
method and accordingly comparatives for the year ended March 31, 2018 has not been retrospectively adjusted.
(iii) Dividend income is stated at gross and is recognized when right to receive payment is established.
The Company has various schemes of retirement benefits such as Provident Fund, Superannuation Fund and Gratuity Fund
duly recognized.
(i) Short-term obligations
Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12
months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of
employees'' services up to the end of the reporting period and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when
the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.
The employees of the company are entitled to leave benefits as per the policy of the Company. As per leave policy of the
Company, liability for leave is treated as short term in nature. Provision towards short term accrued leave is made based
on accumulated leave balances of employees on the payroll of the Company at year end.
(ii) Post-employment obligations
The company operates the following post-employment schemes:
Gratuity obligations -
Maintained as a defined benefit retirement plan and contribution is made to the Life Insurance Corporation of India. The
liability or asset recognised in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit gratuity plans is the present value of the
defined benefit obligation at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit
obligation is calculated annually by actuaries using the projected unit credit method.
The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows by
reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government bonds that have terms approximating to the
terms of the related obligation. The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the
defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expense in the
statement of profit and loss.
Re-measurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are
recognized in the period in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. They are included in retained
earnings in the statement of changes in equity and in the balance sheet. Changes in the present value of the defined
benefit obligation resulting from plan amendments or curtailments are recognised immediately in profit or loss as past
service cost.
Provident Fund -
The Company pays provident fund contributions to a fund administered by Government Provident Fund Authority. The
Company has no further payment obligations once the contributions have been paid. The contributions are accounted
for as defined contribution plans and the contributions are recognised as employee benefit expense when they are due.
Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in the future payments is
available.
Transition to Ind AS 116
Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") through Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2019 and
Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Second Amendment Rules, has notified Ind AS 116 Leases which replaces the
existing lease standard, Ind AS 17 Leases and other interpretations. Ind AS 116 sets out the principles for the recognition,
measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both lessees and lessors. It introduces a single, on-balance sheet
lease accounting model for lessees. The Company is to adopt Ind AS 116, effective annual reporting period beginning April 1,
2019 and apply the standard to its leases, retrospectively, with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard,
recognised on the date of initial application (April 1, 2019). Accordingly, the Company is not to restate comparative
information, instead, the cumulative effect of initially applying this standard is to be recognised as an adjustment to the
opening balance of retained earnings as on April 1, 2019.
Ind AS 116 requires lessees to determine the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease adjusted with any option to
extend or terminate the lease, if the use of such option is reasonably certain. The Company makes an assessment on the
expected lease term on a lease-by-lease basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that any options to
extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company considers factors such as any
significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs relating to the termination of the lease and the
importance of the underlying asset to the Company''s operations taking into account the location of the underlying asset and
the availability of suitable alternatives. The lease term in future periods is reassessed to ensure that the lease term reflects
the current economic circumstances. After considering current and future economic conditions, the Company has
concluded that no changes are required to lease periods relating to the existing lease contracts.
On adoption of Ind AS 116, "Leases", for leases previously classified as finance leases, the Company recognized the carrying
amount of the lease assets immediately before transition as the carrying amount of the right-of-use assets at the date of
initial application. The measurement principles of Ind AS 116, "Leases" are only applied after that date. The Company does
not have any lease liability as per Ind AS 116 at the date of initial application.
The Company''s lease asset consist of leases for land and building. The Company assesses whether a contract contains a
lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an
identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control
the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether: (i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset (ii) the
Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (iii) the
Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.
At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognises a right-of-use asset ("ROU") and a corresponding lease
liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term
leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognises the lease payments as an
operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
Certain lease arrangements include the option to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. Right-of-
use assets and lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.
The right-of-use assets are initially recognised at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for
any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs incurred by the
lessee less any lease incentives and estimated restoration costs of the underlying asset where applicable. They are
subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.
Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term
and useful life of the underlying asset. If the Company is reasonably certain to exercise a purchase option, the right-of-use
asset is depreciated over the underlying assets useful life.
Right-of-use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying
amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair
value less cost to sell and the value-inuse) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash
flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the
Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.
The lease liability is initially measured at amortised cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease
payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental
borrowing rates in the country of domicile of these leases. Lease liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment
to the related right of use asset if the Company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a
termination option.
Lease payments are allocated between principal and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to profit or loss over the lease
period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.
The Company remeasures the lease liability (and makes a corresponding adjustment to the related right-of-use asset)
whenever: The lease term has changed or there is a significant event or change in circumstances resulting in a change in the
assessment of exercise of a purchase option, in which case the lease liability is remeasured by discounting the revised lease
payments using a revised discount rate.
The lease payments change due to changes in an index or rate or a change in expected payment under a guaranteed residual
value, in which cases the lease liability is remeasured by discounting the revised lease payments using an unchanged
discount rate (unless the lease payments change is due to a change in a floating interest rate, in which case a revised discount
rate is used).
A lease contract is modified and the lease modification is not accounted for as a separate lease, in which case the lease
liability is remeasured based on the lease term of the modified lease by discounting the revised lease payments using a
revised discount rate at the effective date of the modification.
Lease liabilities and right-of-use assets have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been
classified as financing cash flows.
The Company applies the practical expedient provided by the standard allowing not to separate the lease component from
other service components included in its lease agreements. Accordingly, all fixed payments provided for in the lease
agreement, whatever their nature, are included in the lease liability. The interest cost on lease liability (computed using
effective interest method), is expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss.
The Company as a lessor
Leases for which the Company is a lessor is classified as a finance or operating lease. Whenever the terms of the lease
transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as a finance lease. All
other leases are classified as operating leases.
For operating leases, rental income is recognised over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct costs incurred in obtaining
an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the underlying asset and recognised as expense over the lease term.
Inventories are valued at cost which is based on FIFO method or net realisable value, whichever is lower. Unserviceable/
damaged/discarded stocks and shortages are charged to the statement of Profit or Loss.
(i) Presentation Currency
These financial statements are presented in I NR which is the Functional Currency of the Company.
(ii) Transactions and balances
The foreign currency balances receivable/payable as at the year end are converted at the closing rate and exchange
difference has been recognized in the statement of Profit and Loss. The company classifies all its foreign operations as
integral in nature.
Current income tax is recognized based on the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities, using tax rates and tax laws
that have been enacted or substantially enacted on the date of balance sheet.
Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of
assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the separate financial statements. Deferred tax assets are recognised for
all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available
to utilise those temporary differences and losses.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities
and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset
where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and
settle the liability simultaneously.
Current and deferred tax is recognised in profit or loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other
comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly
in equity, respectively.
Dividends paid (including income tax thereon) is recognised in the period in which the interim dividends are approved by the
Board of Directors, or in respect of the final dividend when approved by shareholders.
Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.
Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares and dilutive equity equivalent shares
outstanding during the period, except when results will be anti''-diluti''ve.
Mar 31, 2016
1. Significant Accounting Policies
(a) Basis of preparation of Financial Statements
The Financial Statements are prepared on accrual basis under the historical cost convention (except where impairment is made) on the basis of going concern and in accordance with the accounting standards notified under section 133 pursuant to section 129(1)of the Companies Act, 2013.
(b) Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of the Financial Statement and the reported amount of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognized in the period in which the results are known / materialized.
(c) Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets are stated at cost. Cost includes taxes, duties, freight and other incidental expenses related to acquisition, improvements and installation of the assets.
(d) Depreciation
Depreciation has been provided in the accounts on the basis of useful life as per Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.
(e) Impairment
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to statement of profit and loss in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting periods is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount.
(f) Investments
Long term Investments are stated at cost less provision for permanent diminution, if any, in value of such investments. Current investments are stated at lower of cost and fair value.
(g) Inventories
Inventories are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined on FIFO basis.
(h) Intangible Assets
Software which is not an integral part of related hardware is treated as intangible asset and are capitalized in accordance with the relevant Accounting Standard. The cost of such assets is amortized on straight-line method over a period of five years or the estimated economic life of the asset whichever is lower. The carrying value of the capitalized software costs is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.
(i) Revenue Recognition
(i) Sales, net of taxes, are accounted for when property in the goods is transferred to the customers.
(ii) Commission is accounted for as and when the Company''s right to receive the same is established.
(iii) Dividend is recognized, when the right to receive the dividend arises.
(iv) Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis.
(v) Items of Income /Expenditure are recognized on accrual basis, unless otherwise stated.
(j) Employee Benefits
(i) Short Term Employee Benefits.
Short Term Employee Benefits are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the statement of Profit and Loss of the year in which the related service is rendered.
(ii) Defined Contribution Schemes
Provident Funds and Employees State Insurance Fund are administered by the Central Government of India and contributions to the said funds are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss on actual basis.
(iii) Defined Benefit Schemes
Provision for leave encashment and gratuity are made on the basis of actuarial valuation.
(k) Borrowing Cost
Borrowing costs attributable to the acquisition or construction of a qualifying asset are capitalized as part of the cost of such asset. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. Other borrowing costs are recognized as expense in the period in which these are incurred.
(l) Foreign Currency Transactions
Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are converted at the rate of exchange prevailing on the date of Balance Sheet. Any exchange loss or gain, on such conversion is accounted for in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Exchange gain/ loss relating to acquisition of fixed assets is adjusted in the Statement of profit and loss.
(m) Treatment of Prior Period and Extra Ordinary Items
(i) Any material items (other than those arising out of over / under estimation in earlier years) arising as a result of error or omission in preparation of earlier years financial statements are separately disclosed.
(ii) Any material gains / losses which arise from the events or transaction which are distinct from ordinary activities of the Company are separately disclosed.
(n) Income Tax
Income tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred tax charge or credit. Current Tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in respect of taxable income for the year.
Deferred Tax expenses or benefit is recognized on timing differences being the difference between the taxable income and accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the balance sheet date.
In the event of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is virtual certainty that sufficient taxable income will be available in future to realize such assets. In other situations, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available to realize these assets.
(o) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a legal and constructive obligation as a result of a past event, for which it is probable that a cash outflow will be required and reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed when the Company has a present obligation and it is probable that a cash outflow will not be required to settle the obligation.
Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the Financial Statements.
Mar 31, 2015
(a) Basis of preparation of Financial Statements
The Financial Statements are prepared on accrual basis under the
historical cost convention (except where impairment is made) on the
basis of going concern and in accordance with the accounting standards
notified undersection 133 pursuant to section 129(1)ofthe Companies
Act, 2013.
(b) Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the
date of the Financial Statement and the reported amount of revenue and
expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from
these estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised in
the period in which the results are known / materialised.
(c) Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets are stated at cost. Cost includes taxes, duties, freight
and other incidental expenses related to acquisition, improvements and
installation of the assets.
(d) Depreciation
Depreciation has been provided in the accounts on the basis of useful
life as per Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.
(e) Impairment
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets
exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to
statement of profit and loss in the year in which an asset is
identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior
accounting periods is reversed if there has been a change in the
estimate of recoverable amount.
(f) Investments
Long term Investments are stated at cost less provision for permanent
diminution, if any, in value of such investments. Current investments
are stated at lower of cost and fair value.
(g) Inventories
Inventories are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost
is determined on FIFO basis.
(h) Intangible Assets
Software which is not an integral part of related hardware is treated
as intangible asset and are capitalized in accordance with the relevant
Accounting Standard. The cost of such assets is amortized on
straight-line method over a period of five years or the estimated
economic life of the asset whichever is lower. The carrying value of
the capitalized software costs is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.
(i) Revenue Recognition
(i) Sales, net of taxes, are accounted for when property in the goods
is transferred to the customers.
(ii) Commission is accounted for as and when the Company's right to
receive the same is established.
(iii) Dividend is recognised, when the right to receive the dividend
arises.
(iv) Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis.
(v) Items of Income /Expenditure are recognized on accrual basis,
unless otherwise stated.
(j) Employee Benefits
(i) Short Term Employee Benefits.
Short Term Employee Benefits are recognized as an expense at the
undiscounted amount in the statement of Profit and Loss of the year in
which the related service is rendered.
(ii) Defined Contribution Schemes
Provident Funds and Employees State Insurance Fund are administered by
the Central Government of India and contributions to the said funds are
charged to Statement of Profit and Loss on actual basis.
(iii) Defined Benefit Schemes
Provision for leave encashment and gratuity are made on the basis of
actuarial valuation.
(k) Borrowing Cost
Borrowing costs attributable to the acquisition or construction of a
qualifying asset are capitalized as part of the cost of such asset. A
qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of
time to get ready for intended use. Other borrowing costs are
recognized as expense in the period in which these are incurred.
(l) Foreign Currency Transactions
Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the
rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transactions. Monetary
assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are converted at
the rate of exchange prevailing on the date of Balance Sheet. Any
exchange loss or gain, on such conversion is accounted for in the
Statement of Profit and Loss. Exchange gain/ loss relating to
acquisition of fixed assets is adjusted in the Statement of profit and
loss.
(m) Treatment of Prior Period and Extra Ordinary Items
(i) Any material items (other than those arising out of over / under
estimation in earlier years) arising as a result of error or omission
in preparation of earlier years financial statements are separately
disclosed.
(ii) Any material gains / losses which arise from the events or
transaction which are distinct from ordinary activities of the Company
are separately disclosed.
(n) Income Tax
Income tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred tax charge or
credit. Current Tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in
respect of taxable income for the year.
Deferred Tax expenses or benefit is recognized on timing differences
being the difference between the taxable income and accounting income
that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more
subsequent periods. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured
using the tax rates laws that have been enacted or substantially
enacted by the balance sheet date.
In the event of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses,
deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is
virtual certainty that sufficient taxable income will be available in
future to realize such assets. In other situations, deferred tax assets
are recognized only to the extent there is reasonable certainty that
sufficient future taxable income will be available to realize these
assets.
(o) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a legal and constructive
obligation as a result of a past event, for which it is probable that a
cash outflow will be required and reliable estimate can be made of the
amount of the obligation.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed when the Company has a present
obligation and it is probable that a cash outflow will not be required
to settle the obligation.
Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the Financial
Statements.
Mar 31, 2014
(a) Basis of preparation of Financial Statements
The Financial Statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of
accounting, under the historical cost convention, in accordance with
the accounting principles generally accepted in India and comply with
the requirements of Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 and
the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.
(b) Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the
date of the Financial Statement and the reported amount of revenue and
expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from
these estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised
in the period in which the results are known / materialised.
(c) Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets are stated at cost. Cost includes taxes, duties, freight
and other incidental expenses related to acquisition, improvements and
installation of the assets.
(d) Depreciation
(i) Depreciation is provided on "Written Down Value MethodÂ, at
the rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies
Act, 1956.
(ii) Assets costing 5,000 or less are depreciated in full in the year
of purchase.
(e) Impairment
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets
exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to
statement of profit and loss in the year in which an asset is
identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior
accounting periods is reversed if there has been a change in the
estimate of recoverable amount.
(f) Investments
Long term Investments are stated at cost less provision for permanent
diminution, if any, in value of such investments. Current investments
are stated at lower of cost and fair value.
(g) Inventories
Inventories are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost
is computed on the basis of cost of purchase.
(h) Intangible Assets
Software which is not an integral part of related hardware is treated
as intangible asset and are capitalized in accordance with the
relevant Accounting Standard. The cost of such assets is amortized on
straight-line method over a period of five years or the estimated
economic life of the asset whichever is lower. The carrying value
of the capitalized software costs is reviewed at each Balance Sheet
date.
(i) Revenue Recognition
(i) Sales, net of taxes, are accounted for when property in the goods
is transferred to the customers.
(ii) Commission is accounted for as and when the Company''s right to
receive the same is established.
(iii) Dividend is recognised, when the right to receive the dividend
arises.
(iv) Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis.
(v) Items of Income /Expenditure are recognized on accrual basis,
unless otherwise stated.
(j) Employee Benefits
(i) Defined Contribution Schemes Provident Funds and Employees State
Insurance Fund are administered by the Central Government of India and
contribution to the said funds are charged to Statement of Profit and
Loss on actual basis.
(ii) Defined Benefit Schemes Provision for leave encashment and
gratuity are made on the basis of actuarial valuation.
(iii) Provision for leave encashment (short term benefit) is made on
accrual basis.
(k) Borrowing Cost
Borrowing costs attributable to the acquisition or construction of a
qualifying asset are capitalized as part of the cost of such asset. A
qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of
time to get ready for intended use. Other borrowing costs are
recognized as expense in the period in which these are incurred.
(l) Foreign Currency Transactions
Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the
rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transactions. Monetary
assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are converted
at the rate of exchange prevailing on the date of Balance Sheet. Any
exchange loss or gain, on such conversion is accounted for in the
Statement of Profit and Loss. Exchange gain/ loss relating to
acquisition of fixed assets is adjusted in the Statement of profit and
loss.
(m) Treatment of Prior Period and Extra Ordinary Items
(i) Any material items (other than those arising out of over / under
estimation in earlier years) arising as a result of error or omission
in preparation of earlier years financial statements are separately
disclosed.
(ii) Any material gains / losses which arise from the events or
transaction which are distinct from ordinary activities of the Company
are separately disclosed.
(n) Income Tax
Income tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred tax charge or
credit. Current Tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in
respect of taxable income for the year.
Deferred Tax expenses or benefit is recognized on timing differences
being the difference between the taxable income and accounting income
that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or
more subsequent periods. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are
measured using the tax rates laws that have been enacted or
substantially enacted by the balance sheet date.
In the event of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses,
deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is
virtual certainty that sufficient taxable income will be available in
future to realize such assets. In other situations, deferred tax
assets are recognized only to the extent there is reasonable certainty
that sufficient future taxable income will be available to realize
these assets.
(o) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a legal and
constructive obligation as a result of a past event, for which it is
probable that a cash outflow will be required and reliable estimate
can be made of the amount of the obligation.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed when the Company has a present
obligation and it is probable that a cash outflow will not be required
to settle the obligation.
Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the
Financial Statements.
Mar 31, 2013
(a) Basis of preparation of Financial Statements
The Financial Statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of
accounting, under the historical cost convention, in accordance with
the accounting principles generally accepted in India and comply with
the requirements of Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 and
the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.
(b) Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the
date of the Financial Statement and the reported amount of revenue and
expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from
these estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognized in
the period in which the results are known / materialized.
(c) Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets are stated at cost. Cost includes taxes, duties, freight
and other incidental expenses related to acquisition, improvements and
installation of the assets.
(d) Depreciation
(i) Depreciation is provided on "Written Down Value Method", at the
rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act,
1956.
(ii) Assets costing Rs. 5,000 or less are depreciated in full in the year
of purchase.
(e) Impairment
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets
exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to
statement of profit and loss in the year in which an asset is
identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior
accounting periods is reversed if there has been a change in the
estimate of recoverable amount.
(f) Investments
Long term Investments are stated at cost less provision for permanent
diminution, if any, in value of such investments. Current investments
are stated at lower of cost and fair value.
(g) Inventories
Inventories are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost
is computed on the basis of cost of purchase on "FIFO" basis.
(h) Intangible Assets
Software which is not an integral part of related hardware, is treated
as intangible asset and are capitalized in accordance with the relevant
Accounting Standard. The cost of such assets is amortized on
straight-line method over a period of five years or the estimated
economic life of the asset whichever is lower. The carrying value of
the capitalized software costs is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.
(i) Revenue Recognition
(i) Sales, net of taxes, are accounted for when property in the goods
is transferred to the customers.
(ii Commission is accounted for as and when the Company''s right to
receive the same is established.
(iii) Dividend is recognized, when the right to receive the dividend
arises.
(iv) Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis.
(v) Items of Income/Expenditure are recognized on accrual basis, unless
otherwise stated.
(j) Employee Benefits
(i) Defined Contribution Schemes
Provident Funds and Employees State Insurance Fund are administered by
the Central Government of India and contribution to the said funds are
charged to Statement of Profit and Loss on actual basis.
(ii) Defined Benefit Schemes
Provision for leave encashment (Retirement Benefit) and gratuity
liability are made on the basis of actuarial valuation.
(iii) Provision for leave encashment (short term benefit) is made on
accrual basis.
(k) Borrowing Cost
Borrowing costs attributable to the acquisition or construction of a
qualifying asset are capitalized as part of the cost of such asset. A
qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of
time to get ready for intended use. Other borrowing costs are
recognized as expense in the period in which these are incurred.
(l) Foreign Currency Transactions
Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the
rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transactions. Monetary
assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are converted at
the rate of exchange prevailing on the date of Balance Sheet. Any
exchange loss or gain, on such conversion is accounted for in the
Statement of Profit and Loss. Exchange gain/loss relating to
acquisition of fixed assets is adjusted in the Statement of profit and
loss.
(m) Treatment of Prior Period and Extra Ordinary Items
(i) Any material items (other than those arising out of over/under
estimation in earlier years) arising as a result of error or omission
in preparation of earlier years financial statements are separately
disclosed.
(ii) Any material gains/losses which arise from the events or
transaction which are distinct from ordinary activities of the Company
are separately disclosed.
(n) Income Tax
Income tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred tax charge or
credit. Current Tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in
respect of taxable income for the year.
Deferred Tax expenses or benefit is recognized on timing differences
being the difference between the taxable income and accounting income
that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more
subsequent periods. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured
using the tax rates laws that have been enacted or substantively
enacted by the balance sheet date.
In the event of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses,
deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is
virtual certainty that sufficient taxable income will be available in
future to realize such assets. In other situations, deferred tax assets
are recognized only to the extent there is reasonable certainty that
sufficient future taxable income will be available to realize these
assets.
(o) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions are recognized when the Company has a legal and constructive
obligation as a result of a past event, for which it is probable that a
cash outflow will be required and reliable estimate can be made of the
amount of the obligation.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed when the Company has a present
obligation and it is probable that a cash outflow will not be required
to settle the obligation.
Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the Financial
Statements.
Mar 31, 2012
(a) Basis of preparation of Financial Statements
The Financial Statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of
accounting, under the historical cost convention, in accordance with
the accounting principles generally accepted in India and comply with
the requirements of Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 and
the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.
(b) Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the
date of the Financial Statement and the reported amount of revenue and
expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from
these estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised in
the period in which the results are known / materialised.
(c) Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets are stated at cost. Cost includes taxes, duties, freight
and other incidental expenses related to acquisition, improvements and
installation of the assets.
(d) Depreciation
(i) Depreciation is provided on "Written Down Value MethodÃ, at the
rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act,
1956.
(ii) Assets costing Rs. 5,000 or less are depreciated in full in the year
of purchase.
(e) Impairment
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets
exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to
statement of profit and loss in the year in which an asset is
identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior
accounting periods is reversed if there has been a change in the
estimate of recoverable amount.
(f) Investments
Long term Investments are stated at cost less provision for permanent
diminution, if any, in value of such investments. Current investments
are stated at lower of cost and fair value.
(g) Inventories
Inventories are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost
is computed on the basis of cost of purchase on "FIFOÃ basis.
(h) Intangible Assets
Software which is not an integral part of related hardware, is treated
as intangible asset and are capitalized in accordance with the relevant
Accounting Standard. The cost of such assets is amortized on
straight-line method over a period of five years or the estimated
economic life of the asset whichever is lower. The carrying value of
the capitalized software costs is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.
(i) Revenue Recognition
(i) Sales, net of taxes, are accounted for when property in the goods
is transferred to the customers.
(ii) Commission is accounted for as and when the Company's right to
receive the same is established.
(iii) Dividend is recognised, when the right to receive the dividend
arises.
(iv) Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis.
(v) Items of Income/Expenditure are recognized on accrual basis, unless
otherwise stated.
(j) Employee Benefits
(i) Defined Contribution Schemes
Provident Funds and Employees State Insurance Fund are administered by
the Central Government of India and contribution to the said funds are
charged to Statement of Profit and Loss on actual basis.
(ii) Defined Benefit Schemes
Provision for leave encashment (Retirement Benefit) and gratuity
liability are made on the basis of actuarial valuation.
(iii) Provision for leave encashment (short term benefit) is made on
accrual basis.
(k) Borrowing Cost
Borrowing costs attributable to the acquisition or construction of a
qualifying asset are capitalized as part of the cost of such asset. A
qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of
time to get ready for intended use. Other borrowing costs are
recognized as expense in the period in which these are incurred.
(l) Foreign Currency Transactions
Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the
rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transactions. Monetary
assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are converted at
the rate of exchange prevailing on the date of Balance Sheet. Any
exchange loss or gain, on such conversion is accounted for in the
Statement of Profit and Loss. Exchange gain/loss relating to
acquisition of fixed assets is adjusted in the statement of profit and
loss.
(m) Treatment of Prior Period and Extra Ordinary Items
(i) Any material items (other than those arising out of over/under
estimation in earlier years) arising as a result of error or omission
in preparation of earlier years financial statements are separately
disclosed.
(ii) Any material gains/losses which arise from the events or
transaction which are distinct from ordinary activities of the Company
are separately disclosed.
(n) Income Tax
Income tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred tax charge or
credit. Current Tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in
respect of taxable income for the year.
Deferred Tax expenses or benefit is recognized on timing differences
being the difference between the taxable income and accounting income
that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more
subsequent periods. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured
using the tax rates laws that have been enacted or substantively
enacted by the balance sheet date.
In the event of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses,
deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is
virtual certainty that sufficient taxable income will be available in
future to realize such assets. In other situations, deferred tax assets
are recognized only to the extent there is reasonable certainty that
sufficient future taxable income will be available to realize these
assets.
(o) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions are recognized when the company has a legal and constructive
obligation as a result of a past event, for which it is probable that a
cash outflow will be required and reliable estimate can be made of the
amount of the obligation.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed when the Company has a present
obligation and it is probable that a cash outflow will not be required
to settle the obligation.
Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the Financial
Statements.
Mar 31, 2011
(a) Basis of preparation of Financial Statements
The Financial Statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of
accounting, under the historical cost convention, in accordance with
the accounting principles generally accepted in India and comply with
the requirements of Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 and
the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956.
(b) Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the
date of the Financial Statement and the reported amount of revenue and
expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from
these estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised in
the period in which the results are known / materialised.
(c) Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets are stated at cost. Cost includes taxes, duties, freight
and other incidental expenses related to acquisition, improvements and
installation of the assets.
(d) Depreciation
(i) Depreciation is provided on "Written Down Value Method", at the
rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act,
1956.
(ii) Assets costing Rs.5,000 or less are depreciated in full in the
year of purchase.
(e) Impairment
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets
exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to profit
and loss account in the year in which an asset is identified as
impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting periods is
reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable
amount.
(f) Investments
Long term Investments are stated at cost less provision for permanent
diminution, if any, in value of such investments. Current investments
are stated at lower of cost and fair value.
(g) Inventories
Inventories are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost
is computed on the basis of cost of purchase inclusive of freight etc,
on "weighted average" basis.
(h) Intangible Assets
Software which is not an integral part of related hardware, is treated
as intangible asset and are capitalized in accordance with the relevant
Accounting Standard. The cost of such assets is amortized on
straightÃline method over a period of five years or the estimated
economic life of the asset whichever is lower. The carrying value of
the capitalized software costs is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.
(i) Revenue Recognition
(i) Sales, net of taxes, are accounted for when property in the goods
is transferred to the customers.
(ii) Commission is accounted for as and when the Company's right to
receive the same is established.
(iii) Dividend is recognised, when the right to receive the dividend
arises.
(iv) Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis.
(v) Items of Income /Expenditure are recognized on accrual basis,
unless otherwise stated.
(j) Employee Benefits
(i) Defined Contribution Schemes
Provident Funds and Employees State Insurance Fund are administered by
the Central Government of India and contribution to the said funds are
charged to Profit and Loss Account on actual basis.
(ii) Defined Benefit Schemes
Provision for leave encashment (Retirement Benefit) and gratuity
liability are made on the basis of actuarial valuation. (iii)
Provision for leave encashment (short term benefit) is made on accrual
basis.
(k) Borrowing Cost
Borrowing costs attributable to the acquisition or construction of a
qualifying asset are capitalized as part of the cost of such asset. A
qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of
time to get ready for intended use. Other borrowing costs are
recognized as expense in the period in which these are incurred.
(l) Foreign Currency Transactions
Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the
rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transactions. Monetary
assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are converted at
the rate of exchange prevailing on the date of Balance Sheet. Any
exchange loss or gain, on such conversion is accounted for in the
Profit and Loss Account. Exchange gain/ loss relating to acquisition
of fixed assets is adjusted in the profit and loss account
(m) Treatment of Prior Period and Extra Ordinary Items
(i) Any material items (other than those arising out of over / under
estimation in earlier years) arising as a result of error or omission
in preparation of earlier years financial statements are separately
disclosed.
(ii) Any material gains / losses which arise from the events or
transaction which are distinct from ordinary activities of the Company
are separately disclosed.
(n) Income Tax
Income tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred tax charge or
credit. Current Tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in
respect of taxable income for the year.
Deferred Tax expenses or benefit is recognized on timing differences
being the difference between the taxable income and accounting income
that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more
subsequent periods. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured
using the tax rates laws that have been enacted or substantively
enacted by the balance sheet date.
In the event of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses,
deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is
virtual certainty that sufficient taxable income will be available in
future to realize such assets. In other situations, deferred tax assets
are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty
that sufficient future taxable income will be available to realize
these assets.
(o) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions are recognized when the company has a legal and constructive
obligation as a result of a past event, for which it is probable that a
cash outflow will be required and reliable estimate can be made of the
amount of the obligation.
Mar 31, 2010
(a) Basis of preparation of Financial Statements
The Financial Statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of
accounting, under the historical cost convention, in accordance with
the accounting principles generally accepted in India and comply with
the requirements of Companies
(Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 and the relevant provisions of the
Companies Act, 1956.
(b) Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets
and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the
date of the Financial Statement and the reported amount of revenue and
expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from
these estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised in
the period in which the results are known / materialised.
(c) Fixed Assets
Fixed Assets are stated at cost. Cost includes taxes, duties, freight
and other incidental expenses related to acquisition, improvements and
installation of the assets.
(d) Depreciation
(i) Depreciation is provided on ÃWritten Down Value MethodÃ, at the
rates and in the manner specified in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act,
1956.
(ii) Assets costing Rs.5,000 or less are depreciated in full in the
year of purchase.
(e) Impairment
An asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets
exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to profit
and loss account in the year in which an asset is identified as
impaired. The impairment loss recognized in prior accounting periods is
reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable
amount.
(f) Investments
Long term Investments are stated at cost less provision for permanent
diminution, if any, in value of such investments. Current investments
are stated at lower of cost and fair value.
(g) Inventories
Inventories are valued at lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost
is computed on the basis of cost of purchase inclusive of freight etc,
on Ãweighted averageà basis.
(h) Intangible Assets
Software which is not an integral part of related hardware, is treated
as intangible asset and are capitalized in accordance with the relevant
Accounting Standard. The cost of such assets is amortized on
straightÃline method over a period of five years or the estimated
economic life of the asset whichever is lower. The carrying value of
the capitalized software costs is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.
(i) Revenue Recognition
(i) Sales, net of taxes, are accounted for when property in the goods
is transferred to the customers.
(ii) Commission is accounted for as and when the Companys right to
receive the same is established.
(iii) Dividend is recognised, when the right to receive the dividend
arises.
(iv) Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis.
(v) Items of Income /Expenditure are recognized on accrual basis,
unless otherwise stated.
(j) Employee Benefits
(i) Defined Contribution Schemes
Provident Funds and Employees State Insurance Fund are administered by
the Central Government of India and contribution to the said funds are
charged to Profit and Loss Account on actual basis.
(ii) Defined Benefit Schemes
Provision for leave encashment (Retirement Benefit) and gratuity
liability are made on the basis of actuarial valuation.
(iii) Provision for leave encashment (short term benefit) is made on
accrual basis.
(k) Borrowing Cost
Borrowing costs attributable to the acquisition or construction of a
qualifying asset are capitalized as part of the cost of
such asset. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes
substantial period of time to get ready for intended use. Other
borrowing costs are recognized as expense in the period in which these
are incurred.
(l) Foreign Currency Transactions
Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the
rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transactions. Monetary
assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are converted at
the rate of exchange prevailing on the date of Balance Sheet. Any
exchange loss or gain, on such conversion is accounted for in the
Profit and Loss Account.
Exchange gain/ loss relating to acquisition of fixed assets is adjusted
in the profit and loss account
(m) Treatment of Prior Period and Extra Ordinary Items
(i) Any material items (other than those arising out of over / under
estimation in earlier years) arising as a result of error or omission
in preparation of earlier years financial statements are separately
disclosed.
(ii) Any material gains / losses which arise from the events or
transaction which are distinct from ordinary activities of the Company
are separately disclosed.
(n) Income Tax
Income tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred tax charge or
credit. Current Tax is determined as the amount of tax payable in
respect of taxable income for the year.
Deferred Tax expenses or benefit is recognized on timing differences
being the difference between the taxable income and accounting income
that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more
subsequent periods. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured
using the tax rates laws that have been enacted or substantively
enacted by the balance sheet date.
In the event of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses,
deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is
virtual certainty that sufficient taxable income will be available in
future to realize such assets. In other situations, deferred tax assets
are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty
that sufficient future taxable income will be available to realize
these assets.
(o) Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets
Provisions are recognized when the company has a legal and constructive
obligation as a result of a past event, for which it is probable that a
cash outflow will be required and reliable estimate can be made of the
amount of the obligation.
Contingent liabilities are disclosed when the Company has a present
obligation and it is probable that a cash outflow will not be required
to settle the obligation.
Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the Financial
Statements.
Disclaimer: This is 3rd Party content/feed, viewers are requested to use their discretion and conduct proper diligence before investing, GoodReturns does not take any liability on the genuineness and correctness of the information in this article