Accounting Policies of Simbhaoli Sugars Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2024

1. Corporate Overview

Simbhaoli Sugars Limited (''the Company'') having CIN No. L15122UP2011PLC044210 is a public limited company under the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 incorporated and registered with Registrar of Companies, Kanpur Uttar Pradesh on April 04, 2011. Currently equity shares of the Company are listed at BSE and NSE. The Hon''ble High Court of Judicature at Allahabad has sanctioned the Scheme of Amalgamation of Erstwhile Simbhaoli Sugars Limited (ESSL), the Transferor Company with the Company, the Transferee Company w.e.f. April 01,2015 (the Appointed Date) and consequent thereto, the entire business undertakings of ESSL, stands transferred to and vested in the Company, as a going concern with effect from the Appointed Date. The Company has three sugar complexes - Simbhaoli (Western Uttar Pradesh), Chilwaria (Eastern Uttar Pradesh) and Brijnathpur (Western Uttar Pradesh) having an aggregate crushing capacity of 19,500 TCD. The Company is technology driven with a business mix that spans from refined (sulphur less) sugar, specialty sugars, extra neutral alcohol (ENA), ethanol, sanitizer, and bio-manure. The Company is engaged in sugar refining (Defeco Remelt Phosphotation and Ion Exchange technology), high value, niche products (specialty sugars) and clean energy (ethanol). The Company sells international standard refined, pharmaceutical grade and specialty sugars to the retail and bulk institutional consumer segments.

The Company is operating its different businesses through subsidiaries the details are given below:

S.	Name of subsidiary/	Business	Country of	% voting power held as at
No.	Joint Venture		Incorporation	March 31,2024	March 31, 2023
i)	Simbhaoli Power Private Limited	Generation of green power	India	51.00	51.00
ii)	Integrated Casetech Consultants Private Limited	Consultancy business	India	85.16	85.16
iii)	Simbhaoli Specialty Sugars Private Limited	Packaging	India	100.00	100.00

The company is listed on the National Stock Exchange of India and Bombay Stock Exchange of India.

These financial statements are approved and adopted by board of directors of the Company in their meeting held on, May 29, 2024. and are subject to adoption by the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting.

2.1 Basis of preparation and presentation

A. Statement of Compliance with Ind AS

The financial statements comply in all material aspects with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the Act) read with the Rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended) and relevant amendment rules thereafter and accounting principles generally accepted in India.

B. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Effective 1st April, 2023, the Company has adopted the amendments vide Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2023 notifying amendments to existing Indian Accounting Standards. These amendments to the extent relevant to the Company''s operations were relating to: Ind AS 1 “Presentation of Financial Statements” which replaces the requirement for the entities to disclose their “significant” accounting policies with a requirement to disclose their “material” accounting policies and further provides guidance on how entities apply the concept of materiality in making decisions about accounting policy disclosures. The amendments clarify that accounting policy information is expected to be material if, without it, the user of financial statements would be unable to understand other material information in the financial statements and also clarify that immaterial accounting policy information need not to be disclosed, however, if it is disclosed, it should not obscure the material accounting policy information. Further, consequential amendments with respect to the concept of ''material accounting policies'' have also been made in Ind AS 107 “Financial Instruments: Disclosures” and Ind AS 34 “Interim Financial Reporting”. The Company has modified and presented its “material accounting policies” in the financial statement for the year commencing from April 1, 2023 in compliance with the amendments made. "

Ind AS 8 “Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors” which introduces a definition of “accounting estimates” and provides guidance to help entities to distinguish changes in accounting policies from changes in accounting estimates. The amendments do not have a material impact on the Company.

Ind AS 12 “Income Taxes” narrows the scope of the ''initial recognition exemption'' so that it does not apply to transactions that give rise to equal and offsetting temporary differences on its initial recognition. The amendments apply to the transactions that occur on or after the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the annual reporting periods beginning on or after April 1,2023. In addition, at the beginning of the earliest reporting period presented deferred tax on all the temporary differences associated with Right-of- use asset and lease liabilities; decommissioning, restoration and similar liability and the corresponding amounts recognized as part of the cost of the related assets shall also require to be recognized as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The amendments do not have any material impact on the Company as it has already been following accounting policy of recognizing deferred tax on equal and offsetting temporary differences on initial recognition of lease transactions if any.

There are other amendments in various standards, including Ind AS 101 “First Time Adoption of Indian Accounting Standards”; Ind AS 102 “Share-based Payment”; Ind AS 103 “Business Combination”; Ind AS 109 “Financial Instruments”; and Ind AS 115 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” which are not listed herein above since these are either not material or relevant to the Company.

Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notifies new standard or amendments to the existing standards. There is no such notification which would have been applicable from April 1,2024.

C. Basis of preparation

These financial statements have been prepared on going concern basis using the significant accounting policies and measurement bases summarized below. Accounting Policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in accounting policy hitherto in use. In those cases, the new accounting policy is adopted in accordance with the transitional provisions stipulated in that Ind AS and in absence of such specific transitional provision, the same is adopted retrospectively for all the periods presented in these financial statements.

The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for certain financial assets and liabilities (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments) and assets for defined benefit plans that are measured at fair value less cost of sales wherever required. The methods used to measure fair values are discussed further in notes to financial statements.

D. Functional and presentation currency

The financial statements are presented in Indian rupees, and all values are rounded to the nearest lakhs and two decimals thereof, except if otherwise stated.

E. Operating Cycle

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current and non-current as per the Company''s normal operating cycle criteria set out below which are in accordance with the Schedule III to the Act. Based on the nature of services and time between the acquisition of assets for providing of services and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current / non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

2.2 Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification.

An asset is treated as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

• Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in the normal operating cycle

• Held primarily for the purpose of trading

• Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting date, or

• Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.

Current assets include the current portion of non-current financial assets. All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is treated as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

• Expected to be settled in the company''s normal operating cycle;

• Held primarily for the purpose of trading;

• Due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting date; or

• The Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.

• Terms of a liability that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments do not affect its classification.

Current liabilities include the current portion of non-current financial liabilities. All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

The Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities

2.3 Use of estimates and management judgements

The preparation of standalone financial statements in conformity with the accounting policy and measurement principles under Ind AS requires the management of the company to develop accounting estimates that affect the application of accounting policy and the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets, liabilities including accompanying disclosures and the disclosure of contingent liabilities and contingent assets. Developing accounting estimates involves the use of measurement technique and other inputs including judgement or assumption based on the latest available, reliable information. Although these accounting estimates are based upon the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results could differ from these accounting estimates.

The accounting estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates due to change in an input or change in a measurement technique, are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods. The areas involving critical judgements are as follows:

(i) Material uncertainty about going concern:

In preparing financial statements, management has made an assessment of Company''s ability to continue as a going concern. Financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis. The management is aware, in making its assessments, of material uncertainties related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt upon the company''s ability to continue as a going concern. Further details on going concern are disclosed in Note No. 4.

(ii) Estimated useful life of property, plant, and equipment (PPE) / intangible asset

PPE & Intangible asset represent a significant proportion of the asset base of the Company. The charge in respect of periodic depreciation/ amortization is derived after determining an estimate of an asset''s expected useful life and the expected residual value at the end of its life. The useful lives and residual value of the asset are determined by the management when the asset is acquired and reviewed periodically including at each financial year end. The lives are based on technical evaluation made by the management of the expected usage of the asset, the physical wear and tear and technical or commercial obsolescence of the asset. Due to the judgements involved in such estimations, the useful life and residual value are sensitive to the actual usage in future period.

(iii) Recognition and measurement of defined benefit obligations

The obligation arising from define benefit plan is determined based on actuarial assumptions. Key actuarial assumption includes discount rate, trends in salary escalation and attrition rate. The discount rate is determined by reference to market yields at the end of the reporting period on government securities. The period to maturity of the underlying securities correspond to the probable maturity of the postemployment benefit obligations. However, any changes in these assumptions may have a material impact on resulting calculations. iv) Fair value measurements of financial instruments:

When the fair value of the financial assets and liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on the quoted market price in activate markets, their fair value is measured using valuation technique. The input to these models is taken from the observable market where possible, but if this is not feasible, a review of judgment is required in establishing fair values. Changes in assumption relating to this assumption could affect the fair value of financial instrument.

(v) Current taxes and deferred taxes

The Company''s tax jurisdiction is India. Significant judgements are involved in estimating budgeted profits for the purpose of paying advance tax, determining the provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid/recovered for uncertain tax positions.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the unused tax losses, and the unused tax credit to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit would be available against which these could be utilized. Significant management judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognized, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies. The deferred tax assets and liabilities are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

(vi) Provisions, Contingent liabilities, and Contingent assets

The timing of recognition and quantification of the provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets require the application of judgement to existing facts and circumstances which are subject to change on the actual occurrence or happening. Judgement is required for estimating the possible outflow of resources, if any, in respect of contingencies/ claims/ litigations against the Company and possible inflow of resources in respect of the claims made by the Company which has been contingent in nature. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

(vii) Impairment of trade receivables

The Company has a stringent policy of ascertaining impairments, if any, because of detailed scrutiny of major cases and through determining expected credit losses. Despite best estimates and periodic credit appraisals of customers, the Company''s receivables are exposed to delinquency risks due to material adverse changes in business, financial or economic conditions that are expected to cause a significant change to the party''s ability to meet its obligations. All such parameters relating to impairment or potential impairment are reviewed at each reporting date.

(viii) Net realizable value of an item of inventory

Significant judgement is required in the estimation of net realizable value of an item of inventory specifically of an item which is not actively traded in the market. The management considers various factors such as prevailing unit specific market price of the item of inventory, minimum sale price/ controlled price of the products, contracted rates for the contracted quantity, Government Policies, price trend in domestic and international market, monthly sale quota, estimated sale expenses etc. in determination of the net realizable value of the item of inventory actively traded in the market. The management also considers the expected final yield of the finished products for deriving the net realizable value of the tailor made by product is not actively traded in the market. The final net realization of the item of inventory is dependent on the market conditions prevailing at the time of its ultimate sale and hence could differ from the reported amount in the financial statements.

(ix) Fair Value Measurement

The Company measures financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

• In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

• In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability the principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets & liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and the risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

2.4 Material accounting policies

A. Property, plant, and equipment & capital work-in-progress

• Recognition and measurement

Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE) are tangible items that are held for use in the production or supply of goods and services, rental to others or for administration purposes and are expected to be used during more than one period.

The cost of an item of Property, Plant and Equipment (including related subsequent costs) is being recognized as an asset if and only if, it is probable that future economic benefit associated with item will flow to the Company and cost of the item can be measured reliably. Freehold lands are at cost. Other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at original cost net of tax/ duty credit availed, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

The cost of an asset includes the purchase cost of material, including import duties and non-refundable taxes, and directly attributable costs of bringing an asset to the location and condition of its intended use and trial run expenditure (Net of amount realized on goods produced during trial run). For this purpose, cost includes carrying value as Deemed cost on the date of transition. Interest on borrowings used to finance the construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset until such time that the asset is ready

for its intended use.

Items of spare parts, stand by equipment''s and servicing equipment which meet the definition of Property, Plant and Equipment are capitalized. Other spare parts are carried as inventory and recognized in statement of Profit & Loss on consumption. When parts of an item of PPE have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate components.

The carrying amount of an item of Property, Plant and Equipment shall be derecognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. When significant part of the property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the company derecognized the replaced part and recognized the new parts with its own associated useful life and depreciated it accordingly. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance cost are recognized in the statement of the profit and loss as incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of the asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met. The cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the financial statement upon sale or retirement of the asset and resultant gain or losses are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Assets identified and technically evaluated as obsolete are retired from active use and held for disposal are stated at the lower of it carrying amount and fair value less cost to sell.

Capital work-in-progress, representing expenditure incurred in respect of assets under development and not ready for their intended use, are carried at cost. Cost includes related acquisition expenses, construction cost, related borrowing cost and other direct expenditure, and trial run expenditure.

• Subsequent Expenditure.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalized only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company.

B. Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are recognized when it is probable that the future benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the Company and the cost of the assets can be measured reliably.

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development expenditures on an individual project are recognised as an intangible asset when the company can demonstrate:

a) The technical feasibility of completing the intangible assets so that the asset will be available for use or sale

b) Its intention to complete and its ability and intention to use or sale the assets.

c) How the asset will generate future economic benefit

d) The availability of resources to complete the asset.

e) The ability to measure reliably the expenditure during development

During the period of development, the asset is tested for impairment annually. Intangible assets acquired separately including patents and licenses, are measured on initial recognition at cost/deemed cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Amortization of the assets begins when the asset is available for use. The useful life of intangible assets are assessed as either definite or indefinite. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the assets are considered to modify the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at cost generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on prospective basis.

Internally generated intangible assets, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and expenditure is reflected in the statement of profit and loss for the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

An intangible asset is derecognized on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized. Deemed Cost is the carrying amount under the previous GAAP as at the transition date.

C. Depreciation and Amortization

The classification of plant and machinery into continuous and non-continuous process is done as per their use and depreciation thereon is provided accordingly. Depreciation commences when the assets are available for their intended use.

The depreciation is provided by applying the following method at the useful lives specified in schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013:

All Depreciable PPE except Vehicles - Straight line method

Vehicles - Written down value method

PPE costing up to '' 5,000 are fully depreciated in the year of purchase. Freehold land is not depreciated.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated on straight line method (SLM) over the period of life of right of use assets or lease terms whichever expire earlier except in case of right of use assets, the ownership of which is proposed to be transferred to the company or the cost of such assets reflects that the company will exercise a purchase option, the same is depreciated on straight line method (SLM) over the useful life of the assets.

Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful economic life of the assets. The Company uses a rebuttable presumption that the useful life of intangible assets is five years from the date when the assets is available for use. The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each financial year and are given effect to wherever appropriate.

D. Inventories

Inventories are valued as under:

Raw Materials & Components (including those in transit)	At purchase cost including incidental expenses on FIFO basis
Chemicals, packing material and other store & spares (including those in transit)	At purchase cost including incidental expenses on weighted average basis.
Finished Goods/work-in-progress:
a) Sugar	At lower of weighted average cost of production or net realizable value.
b) Molasses
(i) ''C'' Heavy	At net realizable value.
(ii) ''B'' Heavy	At derived value based on the yield/ recovery of ethanol reckoned with respect to the net realisable value of the finished product (including related incidental expenses, wherever applicable) and prevailing ‘C’ Heavy net realisable value.
c) Industrial Alcohol	At lower of cost or net realizable value.
d) Traded Goods	At purchase cost including incidental expenses on FIFO basis.

Cost of finished goods and work-in-progress comprises of raw material cost (net realisable value/derived net reliable value, in case of use of by-products as raw material), variable and fixed overheads, which are allocated to work-in-progress and finished goods on full absorption cost basis. Cost of inventory also includes all other cost incurred in bringing the inventory to their respective present location and condition. Borrowing cost are not included in the value of inventories.

Net releasable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated cost of completion and the estimated cost necessary to make the sale.

E. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand and at bank, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consists of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdraft as they being considered as integral part of the Company''s cash management.

F. Leases

Ind AS 116 requires lessees to determine the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease adjusted with any option to extend or terminate the lease, if the use of such option is reasonably certain. The Company makes an assessment on the expected lease term on a lease-by-lease basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that any options to extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company considers factors such as any significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs relating to the termination of the lease and the importance of the underlying asset to Company''s operations taking into account the location of the underlying asset and the availability of suitable alternatives. The lease term in future periods is reassessed to ensure that the lease term reflects the current economic circumstances.

• The Company as a lessee

The Company''s lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for buildings. The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified

asset, the Company assesses whether: (i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset (ii) the Company has substantially all the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and (iii) the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight- line basis over the term of the lease.

Certain lease arrangements include the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.

The right-of-use assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. Right of use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.

The lease liability is initially measured at amortized cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates in the country of domicile of these leases. Lease liabilities are re-measured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right- of- use asset if the Company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option. Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.

• The Company as a lessor

Leases for which the Company is a lessor is classified as a finance or operating lease. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating

leases. When the Company is an intermediate lessor, it accounts for its interests in the head lease and the sublease separately. The sublease is classified as a finance or operating lease by reference to the right-of-use asset arising from the head lease. For operating leases, rental income is recognized on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease.

G. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss (before other comprehensive income) for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share are calculated by dividing the profit/(loss) for the year (before other comprehensive income), adjusting the after tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential equity shares, attributable to the equity shareholders, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares which could be issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

H. Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) because of a past event and it is probable that the outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settled the obligation in respect of which reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all a provision to be reimbursed, the expense relating to provision presented in the statement of profit & loss is net of any reimbursement.

The present obligation under an onerous contract is recognised and measured as a provision. However, before a separate provision for an onerous contract is established, the company recognises any impairment loss that has occurred on assets dedicated to that contract. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are disclosed using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risk specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as finance cost.

Contingent liabilities are possible obligations that arise from past events and whose existence will only be confirmed by the occurrence or nonoccurrence of one or more future events not wholly within the control of the Company. Where it is not probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required, or the amount cannot be estimated reliably, the obligation is disclosed as a contingent liability, unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote. Contingent assets are not recognized but disclosed, when probable assets that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one more uncertain event not wholly with in the control of the Company.

Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

I. Taxes

• Income Tax

Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination or to an item recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

• Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any, related to income taxes. It is measured using tax rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

In correlation to the underlying transaction relating to Other comprehensive income and Equity, current tax items are recognized in Other comprehensive income and Equity, respectively.

Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation. Then, full provisions are made where appropriate based on the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts, and it is intended to realize the asset and settle the liability on net basis or simultaneously.

• Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is also recognized in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits. Deferred tax is not recognized for:

• Temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction;

• Temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements to the extent that the company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and

• Taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.

Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. In case of a history of continuous losses, the company recognizes a deferred tax asset only to the extent that it has sufficient taxable temporary differences or there is convincing other evidence that sufficient taxable profit will be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realized. Deferred tax assets - unrecognized or recognized, are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognized/ reduced to the extent that it is probable/ no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realized.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized, or the liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

J. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenue from Contract(s) is recognised by following five steps model from revenue recognition as prescribed in Ind AS 115 which namely are

identifying of the contract(s) with a customer; identifying the separate performance obligation in the contract; determining the transaction price; allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation and recognising revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied. The model specifies that revenue should be recognised when (or as) an entity transfer control of goods or services to a customer at the amount to which the entity expects to be entitled.

Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration, the Company expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. Revenue is inclusive of excise duty and excluding estimated discounts, pricing incentives, rebate and other similar allowances to the customers and exclusive of GST and other taxes and amount collected on behalf of third party or Government, if any.

Sale of Products

Revenue from sale of products is recognised at the point in time when control of asset is transferred to the customers i.e. when the customers obtain the ability to direct the use of and obtain substantially all the remaining benefits from the asset, including ability to prevent other entities from directing the use of, and obtaining the benefits from an asset. The company considers whether there are other promises in the contract that are separate performance obligation to which a portion of the transaction price needs to be allocated e.g. warranties. In determining the transaction price for the sale of products, the company considers the effect of variable consideration, the existence of significant financing components, non-cash consideration, and consideration payable to the customers, if any.

Contract Balances Contract Assets

A contract asset is recognised for the conditional earned consideration, if the company has the right to consideration in exchange of goods or services transferred to a customer before the customer pays the consideration or before payment is due.

Trade Receivables

A trade receivable is recognised for the company''s right to an amount of consideration, in exchange of goods or services transferred to a customer, that is unconditional i.e. only the passage of time is required before payment of the consideration is due.

Contract Liabilities

A Contract liability is recognised for the consideration paid by a customer before the transfer of goods or services to the company. The contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the company performs under the contract.

Contract Cost

The incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer and the costs incurred to fulfil a contract with a customer, if those cost are not within the scope of other Ind AS for e.g. Ind AS 2 - Inventories, Ind AS 16- Property Plant & equipment, Ind AS 38- Intangible Assets etc., are recognised as an asset, if the company expects to recover those costs. The incremental costs of obtaining the contract are those that the company incurs to obtain a contract with a customer that would not have been incurred if the contract had not been obtained. The company has elected to apply the optional practical expedient for costs to obtain a contract and to fulfil a contract which allows the company to immediately expense the costs because the amortization period of the asset that the company otherwise would have used is one year or less. Interest

Interest income from a financial asset is recognized when it is probable that the economic benefit will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset''s net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Dividends

Dividend income is recognized when the Company''s right to receive the dividend is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably i.e. in case of interim dividend, on the date of declaration by the Board of Directors; whereas in case of final dividend, on the date of approval by the shareholders.

Insurance claim

Insurance claim is recognised only when the realisation of insurance claim is probable, and only to the extent of related loss recognised in the financial statements. The recovery of loss is generally would be probable, when the claim is not in dispute. Any amount expected to be recovered is excess of recognised loss, which will result in gain is recognised upon the resolution of contingencies liability to insurance claim i.e. whether amount of claim is admitted to the payable by the insurance company.

K. Expenses

All expenses are accounted for on accrual basis.

L. Foreign currency translation/conversion

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded at the functional currency spot rate prevailing at the date of the transaction first qualifies for recognition.

Monetary assets and liabilities related to foreign currency transactions outstanding at the balance sheet date are translated at the functional currency spot rate of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date. Any income or expense arising on account of foreign exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the initial transaction. Non-monetary items which are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when fair value is determined. The gain or loss arising on translation of non-monetary items measured at fair value is treated in line with the recognition of the gain or loss on the change in fair value of item.

M. Borrowings

Long term borrowings are initially recognized at net of material transaction costs incurred and measured at amortized cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognized in the statement of profit or loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.

N. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised during the period that is

required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial time to get ready for their intended use or sale. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that a Company incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs. Other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

O. Impairment

• Non-Financial assets

Intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortisation but are tested annually for impairment. Other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.

The Carrying amount of assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date, if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/ external factor. An asset is impaired when the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the recoverable amount. Impairment is charged to the profit and loss account in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired.

An impairment loss is reversed in the statement of profit and loss if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years.

• Financial assets

The company applies ''simplified approach'' measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

• Financial assets that are debt instrument and are measured at amortized cost e.g. loans, debt securities, deposits, and bank balance.

• Trade receivables:

The application of simplified approach does not require the company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on life time expected credit loss at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

P. Employee benefit plans:

• Short-term obligations

Short-term obligations for wages and salaries, including nonmonetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within twelve months after the end of the period, are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amounts of expected liabilities in the year in which the related service is rendered.

• Defined contribution plans

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. The Company makes specified monthly contributions towards Government administered provident fund scheme. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized as an employee benefit expense in statement of profit or loss in the periods during which the related services are rendered by employees. Prepaid contributions are recognized as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in future payments is available.

Retirement benefit in the form of superannuation fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has established a Superannuation Fund Trust to which contributions are made quarterly. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the superannuation fund scheme as expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. The Company has no other obligations beyond its quarterly contributions.

• Defined benefit plans

The company provides for gratuity, a defined benefit retirement plan ('' the Gratuity Plan'') covering eligible employees of the company. The Gratuity Plan provides a lumpsum payment to vested employees at retirement, death, or termination of employment, of an amount based on the respective employee''s salary and the tenure of employment with the company. The cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method, with actuarial valuation being carried out at each balance sheet date.

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and is included in finance cost expenses in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The service cost on the net defined benefit liability/ (asset) is included in employees benefit expenses in the statement of profit and loss. Past service cost is recognised as an expense when the plan amendment or curtailment occurs or when any related restructuring costs or termination benefits are recognised, whichever is earlier.

Re- measurement gain and loss arising from experience adjustments and change actuarial assumptions are recognised in the periods in which they occur, directly in other comprehensive income. Re- measurement are not classified to the Statement of Profit and Loss in subsequent periods.

• Compensated absences

The Company''s net obligation in respect of long-term employee benefits other than post-employment benefits is the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods that benefit is discounted to determine its present value, and the fair value of any related assets is deducted. The obligation is measured on the basis of an annual independent actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. Re-measurements gain or losses are recognized in statement of profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

• Voluntary Retirement Scheme

Expenditure on voluntary retirement scheme is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which it is incurred.

Q. Financial Instruments

a) Financial Asset

Classification

The company classified financial assets as subsequently measured at amortized cost, fair value though other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss on the basis of its business model for managing the financial assets and contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

Initial Recognition and Measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of the financial asset, other than financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets as appropriate on initial recognition.

The financial assets include equity and debt securities, trade and other receivables, loans and advances, cash and bank balances and derivative financial instruments. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component are measured at transaction price.

Subsequent Measurement

For the purpose of subsequent measurement, the financial assets are classified in three categories:

• at amortized cost

• at fair value through other comprehensive income

• at fair value through profit or loss Financial assets at amortized cost

A Financial asset is measured at the amortized cost. Amortized cost if both the following condition are met.

• The assets are held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flow (business model test), and

• Contractual terms of the assets give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principle amount outstanding

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measurement at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortized cost is calculated by considering any discount and premium and fee or costs that are an integral part of an EIR

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Mar 31, 2023

2.4 Significant Accounting Policies

A. Property, Plant & Equipment and Capital work in Progress • Recognition and measurement

Property, plant and equipment are tangible items that are held for use in the production or supply for goods and services, rental to others or for administrative purposes and are expected to be used for more than one period.

The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment is being recognized as an asset if and only if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Freehold lands are stated at cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at cost net of recoverable taxes less accumulated depreciation, and impairment loss, if any.

The cost of an asset includes the purchase cost of assets, including import duties and non-refundable taxes, and any directly attributable costs of bringing an asset to the location and condition of its intended use. Interest on borrowings used to finance the construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset until such time that the asset is ready for its intended use.

Items of spare parts, stand-by equipments and servicing equipments which meet the definition of property, plant and equipment are capitalized. Other spare parts are carried as inventory and recognized in the statement of profit and loss on consumption. When parts of an item of Property, plant & equipments have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate component.

When a significant part of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the company derecognizes the replaced part and recognise the new part with its own associated life and it is depreciated accordingly. Likewise when a major repair is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement, if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

The present value of the expected cost of decommissioning of an asset after its use, if any, is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria of provisions are met.

The cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the financial statement upon sale or retirement of the asset and resultant gains or losses are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Assets identified and technically evaluated as obsolete are retired from active use and held for disposal are stated at lower of its carrying amount and fair value less cost to sell.

Capital work-in-progress, representing expenditure incurred in respect of assets under development and not ready for their intended use, are carried at cost. Cost includes related acquisition expenses, construction cost, related borrowing cost and other direct expenditure.

• Subsequent Expenditure.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalized only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company.

B. Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are recognized when it is probable that the future benefits that are attributable to the assets will flow to the Company and the cost of the assets can be measured reliably.

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

Internally generated intangible assets, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and expenditure is reflected in the statement of profit and loss for the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

An intangible asset is derecognized on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized.

C. Depreciation and Amortization

The classification of plant and machinery into continuous and non-continuous process is done as per their use and depreciation thereon is provided accordingly. Depreciation commences when the assets are available for their intended use. The depreciation is provided by applying the following method at the useful lives specified in schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013:

All Depreciable PPE except Vehicles - Straight line method

Vehicles - Written down value method

PPE costing up to '' 5,000 are fully depreciated in the year of purchase. Freehold land is not depreciated.

Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful economic life of the assets. The Company uses a rebuttable presumption that the useful life of intangible assets is ten years from the date when the assets is available for use.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated on straight line method (SLM) over the period of life of right of use assets or lease terms whichever expire earlier except in case of right of use assets, the ownership of which is proposed to be transferred to the company or the cost of such assets reflects that the company will exercise a purchase option, the same is depreciated on straight line method (SLM) over the useful life of the assets.

"The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each financial year and are given effect to wherever appropriate."

D. Leases

lnd AS 116 requires lessees to determine the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease adjusted with any option to extend or terminate the lease, if the use of such option is reasonably certain. The Company makes an assessment on the expected lease term on a lease-by-lease basis and thereby assesses whether it is reasonably certain that any options to extend or terminate the contract will be exercised. In evaluating the lease term, the Company considers factors such as any significant leasehold improvements undertaken over the lease term, costs relating to the termination of the lease and the importance of the underlying asset to Company''s operations taking into account the location of the underlying asset and the availability of suitable alternatives. The lease term in future periods is reassessed to ensure that the lease term reflects the current economic circumstances.

• The Company as a lessee

"The Company''s lease asset class primarily consist of leases for buildings. The Company assesses whether a contract contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the company assesses whether: "

> The contract involves the use of an identified asset.

> The Company has substantialized all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease and;

> The Company has the right to direct the use of the asset.

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset (''''ROU'''') and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Certain lease arrangements include the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be exercised.

The right-of-use assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently

measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset.

Right-of-use assets is evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.

The lease liability is initially measured at amortized cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates in the country of domicile of these leases. Lease liabilities are re-measured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right- of- use asset if the Company changes its assessment of whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option.

Lease liability and ROU asset have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.

• As a lessor

Leases for which the company is a lessor, is classified as finance lease or operating lease. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating lease. When the Company is an intermediate lessor, it accounts for its interests in the head lease and the sub-lease separately. The sub-lease is classified as finance lease or operating lease with reference to right-of-use asset arising from the head lease.

For operating leases, rental income is recognized on a straight line basis over the term of such lease.

E. Government Grant

Grants from the government are recognized at their fair value where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received, and the Company will comply with all attached conditions.

Governments Grants relating to the purchase, construction or otherwise acquired non-current assets, are recognized as deferred income in the balance sheet and are credited to profit or loss on a systematic and rational basis over the expected lives of the related assets and presented in other income.

Government Grants that are receivable as compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or for the purpose of giving immediate financial support to the company with no future related costs are recognized in statement of profit or loss in the period in which they become receivable.

F. Borrowing

Long term borrowing are initially recognised at net of material transaction costs incurred and measured at amortised cost.Any diffrence between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognised in the statement of Profit and Loss over the period of the borrowing using the effective interest method.

G. Borrowing Cost

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalized during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that the Company incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs also include exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs. Other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

H. Employee benefit plans:

Expenses and liabilities in respect of employee benefits are recorded in accordance with Indian Accounting Standard (lnd AS)-19 - ''Employee Benefits''.

• Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expense off as the related service is provided. A liability is recognized for the amount expected to be paid e.g., under short-term cash bonus, if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the amount of obligation can be estimated reliably.

• Defined contribution plans

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. The Company makes specified monthly contributions towards Government administered provident fund scheme. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized as an employee benefit expense in statement of profit or loss in the periods during which the related services are rendered by employees. Prepaid contributions are recognized as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in future payments is available.

Retirement benefit in the form of superannuation fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has established a Superannuation Fund Trust to which contributions are made quarterly. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the superannuation fund scheme as expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. The Company has no other obligations beyond its quarterly contributions.

• Defined benefit plans

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. The company net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated separately for each plan by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in the current and prior periods, discounting that amount and deducting the fair value of any plan assets.

The calculation of defined benefit obligation is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. When the calculation results in a potential asset for the company, the recognized asset is limited to the present value of economic benefits available in the form of any future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan (‘the asset ceiling’). In order to calculate the present value of economic benefits, consideration is given to any minimum funding requirements.

Re-measurements of the net defined benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognized as other comprehensive income. The company

determines the net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability (asset) for the period by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation at the beginning of the annual period to the then-net defined benefit liability (asset), taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability (asset) during the period as a result of contributions and benefit payments. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognized in profit or loss.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service (‘past service cost’ or ‘past service gain’) or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognized immediately in statement of profit or loss. The company recognizes gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs

• "Other long-term employee benefits"

The Company''s net obligation in respect of long-term employee benefits other than post-employment benefits is the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods; that benefit is discounted to determine its present value, and the fair value of any related assets is deducted. The obligation is measured on the basis of an annual independent actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. Re-measurements gain or losses are recognized in statement of profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

• Voluntary Retirement Scheme

Expenditure on voluntary retirement scheme is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which it is incurred.

I. Inventories

Inventories, except By-products are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. By-products are valued at estimated net realizable value. The bases of determining cost for different categories of inventory are as follows:

Stores and spare parts - Monthly weighted average

Raw materials - First in first out (FIFO)

Process stocks/finished goods - Material cost plus appropriate share of labour and manufacturing overheads

Stock in trade - First in first out (FIFO)

J. Financial Instruments

i) Financial Asset

Classification

The company classifies financial assets as subsequently measured at amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss on the basis of its business model for managing the financial assets and contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

Initial Recognition and Measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.

The financial assets include equity and debt securities, trade and other receivables, loans and advances, cash and bank balances and derivative financial instruments.

Subsequent Measurement

For the purpose of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in the following categories:

• At amortized cost,

• At fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI).

• At fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).

Debt instrument at amortized cost

A “Debts instrument” is measured at the amortized cost if both the following condition are met:

• The assets are held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flow(business model test) , and

• Contractual terms of the assets give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principle and interest on the principle amount outstanding (contractual cash flow characteristics ).

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount, premium, fee or costs that are an integral part of an EIR. The EIR amortization is included in finance income in the statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

Debt instrument at fair value through profit or loss

Debt instruments included within the fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income

A financial asset should be measured at FVTOCI if both the following conditions are met:

• The asset is held within a business model in which asset are managed both in order to collect contractual cash flows and for sale, and

• Contractual terms of the assets give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principle and interest on the principle amount outstanding.

After initial measurement (at fair value minus transaction cost), such financial assets are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in Other comprehensive income except for:

• Interest calculated using EIR

• Foreign exchange gain and losses , and

• Impairment losses and gains

Equity investments

“All equity investments in the scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value except in case of investment in subsidiaries, Joint ventures and associates which are carried at cost/deemed cost and reviewed for impairment at each balance sheet date. Deemed cost is the carrying amount under the previous GAAP as at the transition date i.e. April 01,2016. Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category, if any, are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in statment of profit or loss. The Company may make an irrevocable election to present in OCI subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument-byinstrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable. When the fair value has been determined based on level 3 inputs, the difference between the fair value at initial recognition and the transaction price, if loss, is recognized through retained earnings and after initial recognition subsequent changes in fair value of equity instruments is recognised as gain or loss to the extent it arises from change in input to valuation technique. If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to profit or loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. "

De-recognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset) is primarily derecognized when:

• The right to receive cash flows from the assets have expired or

• The company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the assets, or

• The company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the assets, but has transferred control of the assets.

ii) Financial liabilities Classification

Debt and equity instruments issued by the company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual agreements and the definitions of financial liability and equity instrument.

Initial recognition and measurement

The company recognizes financial liability when it becomes a party to the contractual provision of the instrument. All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value, for financial liability not subsequently measured at FVTPL, at transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issue of financial liability.

Subsequent Measurement

All financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method or at FVTPL.

Financial liability at amortized cost

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. Gain and losses are recognized in statement of profit and loss when the liabilities are derecognized.

Amortization cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and transaction cost. These amortization is included as finance cost in the statement of profit and loss.

This category generally applies to loans & borrowings.

Financial liability at FVTPL

Financial liabilities are classified at FVTPL when the financial liability is either contingent consideration recognized by the company as an acquirer in a business combination to which Ind AS 103 applies or is held for trading or it is designed as at FVTPL.

Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gain or loss arises on re-measurement recognized in profit or loss. The net gain or loss recognized in profit or loss incorporates any interest paid on the financial liability.

Equity Instrument

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the company are recognized at the proceeds received, net of direct issue cost.

Repurchase of the company’s own equity instruments is recognized and deducted directly in equity. No gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue, or cancellation of the company’s own equity instruments.

De-recognition

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expired. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the de-recognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amount recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iii) Offsetting of financial instrument

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

(. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cheques on hand, deposits held at call with banks, balance with banks on current account and short term, highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less that are readily convertible to cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of statement of cash flow, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short term deposits, net of outstanding bank overdraft as they being considered as integral part of the company’s cash management.

.. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

Sale of Goods

The Company derives revenue primarily from, sale of sugar and other by-products produced from processing of sugar cane, and sale of chemical, liquor etc. Revenue from sale of goods is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration, the company expect to receive in exchange of those products or services. Revenue is inclusive of excise duty and excluding estimated discount and pricing incentives, rebates, other similar allowances to the customers and also excluding value added taxes, goods and other taxes and amounts collected on behalf of third parties or government, if any.

Interest Income

Interest income from a financial asset is recognized when it is probable that the economic benefit will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset’s net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Dividend Income

Dividend income is recognized when the Company’s right to receive the dividend is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably i.e. in case of interim dividend, on the date of declaration by the Board of Directors; whereas in case of final dividend, on the date of approval by the shareholders.

Export Incentives

Export incentives are accounted for in the year of exports based on eligibility and when there is no significant uncertainty in receiving the same.

Insurance Claims

Insurance claim are accounted for on the basis of claims admitted / expected to be admitted and to the extent that the amount recoverable can be measured reliably and it is reasonable to expect ultimate collection.

M. Expenses

All expenses are accounted for on accrual basis.

N. Foreign currency translations

Standalone financial statements have been presented in Indian Rupees (INR), which is Company’s functional and presentation currency. Initial Recognition

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded at the functional currency spot rate prevailing at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition.

Transactions and balances

Monetary assets and liabilities related to foreign currency transactions outstanding at the balance sheet date are translated at the functional currency spot rate of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date. Any income or expense arising on account of foreign exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

O. Taxes

• Income tax

Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination or to an item recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

• Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years The amount of current tax reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any, related to income taxes. It is measured using tax rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts, and it is intended to realize the asset and settle the liability on net basis or simultaneously.

• Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is also recognized in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits. Deferred tax is not recognized for:

• Temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction;

• Temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements to the extent that the company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and

• Taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.

Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. In case of a history of continuous losses, the company recognizes a deferred tax asset only to the extent that it has sufficient taxable temporary differences or there is convincing other evidence that sufficient taxable profit will be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realized. Deferred tax assets - unrecognized or recognized, are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognized/ reduced to the extent that it is probable/ no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realized.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized, or the liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to

income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously.

P. Impairment

• Non-financial assets

Goodwill and Intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortization but are tested annually for impairment. Other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the re coverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.

The carrying amount of assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date, if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factor. An asset is impaired when the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the recoverable amount. If the recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognized in the statement of profit or loss in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired.

An impairment loss is reversed in the statement of profit and loss if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years.

• Financial assets

The company applies ‘simplified approach’ measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

• Financial assets that are debt instrument and are measured at amortized cost e.g. loans, debt securities, deposits, and bank balance.

• Trade receivables:

The application of simplified approach does not require the company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on life time expected credit loss at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

Q. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the profit/loss for the year (before other comprehensive income), attributable to the equity shareholders, by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

Diluted earnings per share are calculated by dividing the profit/(loss) for the year (before other comprehensive income), adjusting the after tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential equity shares, attributable to the equity shareholders, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares which could be issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

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Mar 31, 2018

1.1 Significant Accounting Policies

i) Revenue recognition

A. Sale of goods

Revenue from the sale of goods in the course of ordinary activities is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns, trade discounts and volume rebates. This inter alia involves discounting of the consideration due to the present value if payment extends beyond normal credit terms. Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer, recovery of the consideration is probable, the associated costs and possible return of goods can be estimated reliably, there is no continuing effective control over, or managerial involvement with, the goods, and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably.

B. Rendering of services

Revenue from rendering of services is recognized when the performance of agreed contractual task has been completed.

C. Interest Income

Interest income from a financial asset is recognized when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset’s net carrying amount on initial recognition.

D. Dividend Income

Dividend income is recognized when the Company’s right to receive the dividend is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably i.e. in case of interim dividend, on the date of declaration by the Board of Directors; whereas in case of final dividend, on the date of approval by the shareholders.

E. Export Incentives

Export incentives are accounted for in the year of exports based on eligibility and when there is no significant uncertainty in receiving the same.

F. Insurance Claims

Insurance claim are accounted for on the basis of claims admitted / expected to be admitted and to the extent that the amount recoverable can be measured reliably and it is reasonable to expect ultimate collection.

ii) Government Grant

Grants from the government are recognized at their fair value where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received, and the Company will comply with all attached condition.

Government grants relating to income are deferred and recognized in profit & loss over the period necessary to match them with the cost that they are intended to compensate and presented within other income.

Governments Grants relating to the purchase of property, plant & equipment are included in non-current liabilities as deferred income and are credited to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the expected lives of the related assets and presented with in other income.

iii) Expenses

All expenses are accounted on accrual basis.

iv) Leases

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

For arrangements entered into prior to the transition date, i.e. April 01, 2016, the Company has determined whether the arrangements contain lease on the basis of facts and circumstances existing on the date of transition.

(a) As a lessee

Assets held under finance leases are initially recognised as assets of the Company at their fair value at the inception of the lease or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding liability to the lessor is included in the balance sheet as a finance lease obligation. Lease payments are apportioned between finance expenses and reduction of the lease obligation so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.

Lease Rental payables under operating leases (net of any incentives received from the lessor) are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease unless the rentals are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor’s expected inflationary cost increases, such increases are recognised in the year in which such benefits accrue. Contingent rentals arising under operating leases are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

(b) As a lessor

Where the Company as a lessor has leased assets under finance leases, such amounts are recognised as receivables at an amount equal to the net investment in the lease and the finance income is recognised based on a constant rate of return on the outstanding net investment.

Lease rental income from operating leases where the company is a lessor is recognised in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless receipt are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases. The respective leased assets are included in the balance sheet based on their nature. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying value of the leased asset and recognised on a straight line basis over the lease term.

v) Borrowings

Borrowings are initially recognized at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognized in profit or loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective rate of interest method. Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities are recognized as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down. In this case, the fee is deferred until the draw down occurs. To the extent there is no evidence that is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down, the fee is capitalized as a prepayment for liquidity services and amortized over the period of the facility to which it relates.

vi) Borrowing cost

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalized during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Qualifying assets are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that the Company incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs also include exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs. Other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

vii) Income tax

Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination or to an item recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

A. Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax reflects the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received after considering the uncertainty, if any, related to income taxes. It is measured using tax rates (and tax laws) enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts, and it is intended to realize the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.

B. Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is also recognized in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits. Deferred tax is not recognized for:

- Temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss at the time of the transaction;

- Temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements to the extent that the company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and

- Taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.

Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. In case of a history of continuous losses, the company recognizes a deferred tax asset only to the extent that it has sufficient taxable temporary differences or there is convincing other evidence that sufficient taxable profit will be available against which such deferred tax asset can be realized. Deferred tax assets - unrecognized or recognized, are reviewed at each reporting date and are recognized/ reduced to the extent that it is probable/ no longer probable respectively that the related tax benefit will be realized.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized, or the liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the company expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously.

Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) credits is recognized as deferred tax assets in the Balance Sheet only when the asset can be measured reliably and to the extent there is convincing evidence that sufficient taxable profit will be available against which the MAT credits can be utilized by the company in future.

viii) Current versus non-current classification

The company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification.

An asset is treated as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

- Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

- Held primarily for the purpose of trading

- Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting date, or

- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.

Current assets include the current portion of non-current financial assets. All other assets are classified as noncurrent.

A liability is treated as current when it satisfies any of the following criteria:

- Expected to be settled in the company’s normal operating cycle;

- Held primarily for the purpose of trading;

- Due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting date; or

- The Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.

- Terms of a liability that could, at the option of the counterparty, result in its settlement by the issue of equity instruments do not affect its classification.

Current liabilities include the current portion of non-current financial liabilities. All other liabilities are classified as non-current.

The Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

ix) Property, Plant & Equipment & Capital work in Progress

A. Recognition and measurement

Property, plant and equipment are tangible items that are held for use in the production or supply for goods and services, rental to others or for administrative purposes and are expected to be used during more than one period.

The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment is being recognized as an asset if and only if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Freehold lands are stated at cost. All other items of property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, net of recoverable taxes less accumulated depreciation, and impairment loss, if any.

The cost of an asset includes the purchase cost of material, including import duties and non-refundable taxes, and any directly attributable costs of bringing an asset to the location and condition of its intended use. Interest on borrowings used to finance the construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset until such time that the asset is ready for its intended use.

Items of spare parts, stand-by equipment and servicing equipment which meet the definition of property, plant and equipment are capitalized. Other spare parts are carried as inventory and recognized in the statement of profit and loss on consumption.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use, if any, is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met. f Assets identified and technically evaluated as obsolete are retired from active use and held for disposal are stated at the lower of its carrying amount and fair value less cost to sell.

Capital work-in-progress, representing expenditure incurred in respect of assets under development and not ready for their intended use, are carried at cost. Cost includes related acquisition expenses, construction cost, related borrowing cost and other direct expenditure.

B. Transition to Ind AS

On transition to Ind AS, the company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of its property, plant and equipment recognized as at April 01 2016, measured as per the previous GAAP, and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of such property, plant and equipment.

C. Subsequent expenditure

Subsequent expenditure is capitalized only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company.

x) Intangible Assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Internally generated intangible assets, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and expenditure is reflected in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

An intangible asset is derecognized on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset is recognized in profit or loss when the asset is derecognized.

Transition to Ind AS

On transition to Ind AS, the Company has elected to continue with the carrying value of all of intangible assets recognized as at April 01 2016 measured as per the previous GAAP and use that carrying value as the deemed cost of intangible assets.

xi) Depreciation & Amortization

The classification of plant and machinery into continuous and non-continuous process is done as per their use and depreciation thereon is provided accordingly. Depreciation commences when the assets are available for their intended use. The depreciation is provided by applying the following method at the useful lives specified in schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013:

Except in case of fixed assets costing up to Rs.5,000 are fully depreciated in the year of purchase. Freehold land is not depreciated.

Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful economic life of the assets. The Company uses a rebuttable presumption that the useful life of intangible assets is ten years from the date when the assets is available for use.

xii) Financial Instruments

A. Financial Asset

1) Classification

The company classified financial assets as subsequently measured at amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss on the basis of its business model for managing the financial assets and contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

2) Initial Recognition and Measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.

The financial assets include equity and debt securities, trade and other receivables, loans and advances, cash and bank balances and derivative financial instruments.

3) Subsequent Measurement

For the purpose of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in the following categories:

- At amortised cost,

- At fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI), and

- At fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).

i) Debt instrument at amortized cost

A “Debts instrument” is measured at the amortized cost if both the following condition are met:

- The assets are held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flow, and

- Contractual terms of the assets give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principle and interest on the principle amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount and premium and fee or costs that are an integral part of an EIR.

ii) Equity investments

All equity investments in the scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value except in case of investment in subsidiaries carried at deemed cost. Deemed cost is the carrying amount under the previous GAAP as at the transition date i.e. April 01, 2016. Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category, if any, are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in profit or loss. The Company may make an irrevocable election to present in OCI subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable. When the fair value has been determined based on level 3 inputs, the difference between the fair value at initial recognition and the transaction price is deferred and after initial recognition deferred difference is recognised as gain or loss to the extent it arises from change in input to valuation technique. If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to profit or loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.

4) De-recognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset) is primarily derecognized when:

- The right to receive cash flows from the assets have expired or

- The company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the assets, or

- The company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the assets, but has transferred control of the assets

5) Impairment of financial assets

The company applies ‘simplified approach’ measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure:

- Financial assets that are debt instrument and are measured at amortized cost e.g. loans, debt securities, deposits, and bank balance.

- Trade receivables:

The application of simplified approach does not require the company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognized impairment loss allowance based on life time expected credit loss at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

B. Financial liabilities

1) Classification

The company classifies all financial liabilities as subsequently measured at amortized cost.

2) Initial recognition and measurement

All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of loan and borrowings and payables net of directly attributable transaction cost.

3) Loan and borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the Effective Interest Rate (EIR) method. Gain and losses are recognized in statement of profit and loss when the liabilities are derecognized.

Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and transaction cost. Their amortization is included as finance cost in the statement of profit and loss.

This category generally applies to loans & borrowings.

4) De-recognition

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are, substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amount recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

C. Offsetting of financial instrument

Financial assets and Financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously,

xiii) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The bases of determining cost for different categories of inventory are as follows:

xiv Employee Benefits

A. Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognized for the amount expected to be paid e.g., under short-term cash bonus, if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the amount of obligation can be estimated reliably.

B. Defined contribution plans

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. The Company makes specified monthly contributions towards Government administered provident fund scheme. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized as an employee benefit expense in profit or loss in the periods during which the related services are rendered by employees. Prepaid contributions are recognized as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in future payments is available.

Retirement benefit in the form of superannuation fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has established a Superannuation Fund Trust to which contributions are made quarterly. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the superannuation fund scheme as expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. The Company has no other obligations beyond its quarterly contributions.

C. Defined benefit plans

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. The company net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated separately for each plan by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in the current and prior periods, discounting that amount and deducting the fair value of any plan assets.

The calculation of defined benefit obligation is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. When the calculation results in a potential asset for the company, the recognized asset is limited to the present value of economic benefits available in the form of any future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan (‘the asset ceiling’). In order to calculate the present value of economic benefits, consideration is given to any minimum funding requirements.

Re-measurements of the net defined benefit liability, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognized in OCI. The company determines the net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability (asset) for the period by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation at the beginning of the annual period to the then-net defined benefit liability (asset), taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability (asset) during the period as a result of contributions and benefit payments. Net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognized in profit or loss.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service (‘past service cost’ or ‘past service gain’) or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognized immediately in profit or loss. The company recognizes gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs.

D. Other long-term employee benefits

The Company net obligation in respect of long-term employee benefits other than post-employment benefits is the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods; that benefit is discounted to determine its present value, and the fair value of any related assets is deducted. The obligation is measured on the basis of an annual independent actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. Re-measurements gain or losses are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

E. Voluntary Retirement Scheme

Expenditure on voluntary retirement scheme is change to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which it is incurred.

xv) Provisions (other than for employee benefits)

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit or loss net of any reimbursement. Provisions are not recognized for future operating losses

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost. Contingent liabilities are possible obligations that arise from past events and whose existence will only be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more future events not wholly within the control of the Company. Where it is not probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required, or the amount cannot be estimated reliably, the obligation is disclosed as a contingent liability, unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote.

A contingent asset is not recognized but disclosed, when possible asset that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the entity.

Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

xvi) Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the profit/loss for the year (before other comprehensive income), attributable to the equity shareholders, by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

Diluted earnings per share are calculated by dividing the profit/(loss) for the year (before other comprehensive income), adjusting the after tax effect of interest and other financing costs associated with dilutive potential equity shares, attributable to the equity shareholders, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares which could be issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

xvii) Foreign currency translations

A. Functional and presentation currency Standalone financial statements have been presented in Indian Rupees (INR), which is the Company’s functional and presentation currency.

B. Transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded at the functional currency spot rate prevailing at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities related to foreign currency transactions remaining outstanding at the balance sheet date are translated at the functional currency spot rate of exchange prevailing at the balance sheet date. Any income or expense arising on account of foreign exchange difference either on settlement or on translation is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary items which are carried at historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the initial transaction.

xviii) Impairment of non-financial assets

Goodwill and Intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortization but are tested annually for impairment.

Other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.

The carrying amount of assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date, if there is any indication of impairment based on internal/external factor. An asset is impaired when the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the recoverable amount. Impairment is charged to the profit and loss account in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired.

An impairment loss is reversed in the statement of profit and loss if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years.

xix) Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cheques on hand, balance with banks on current accounts and short term, highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

xx) Non-current assets (or disposal group) held for sale and discontinued operations:

Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying value and fair value less costs to sell.

Assets and disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying value will be recovered through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is only met when the sale is highly probable and the asset, or disposal group, is available for immediate sale in its present condition and is marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value. Where a disposal group represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, or is part of a single coordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, then it is treated as a discontinued operation. The post-tax profit or loss of the discontinued operation together with the gain or loss recognised on its disposal are disclosed as a single amount in the consolidated statement of profit and loss, with all prior periods being presented on this basis.

xxi) Operating Segments

The Company’s operating segments are established on the basis of those components of the Company that are evaluated regularly by the Board of Directors (the ‘Chief Operating Decision Maker’ as defined in Ind AS 108 - ‘Operating Segments’), in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. These have been identified taking into account nature of products and services, the differing risks and returns and the internal business reporting systems.

Revenue and Expenses have been identified to a segment on the basis of relationship to operating activities of the segment. Revenue and Expenses which relate to enterprise as a whole and are not allocable to a segment on reasonable basis have been disclosed as “Unallocable”. Segment Assets and Segment Liabilities represent Assets and Liabilities in respective segments. Assets and Liabilities that cannot be allocated to a segment on reasonable basis have been disclosed as “Unallocable”.

xxii) Cash Flow Statement

Cash flows are stated using the indirect method, whereby > profit/loss before tax is adjusted for the effects of I transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals | of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and items of incomes and expenses associated with investing or financing flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

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Mar 31, 2016

1. Background

Simbhaoli Sugars Limited (''the Company'') (previously known as Simbhaoli Spirits Limited) having CIN No. U15122UP2011PLC044210 is a public limited company under the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 incorporated and registered with Registrar of Companies, Kanpur Uttar Pradesh on April 04, 2011. Currently equity shares of the Company are listed at BSE and NSE. The Hon''ble High Court of Judicature at Allahabad has sanctioned the Scheme of Amalgamation of Erstwhile Simbhaoli Sugars Limited (ESSL), the Transferor Company with the Company, the Transferee Company w.e.f. April 1,

2015 (the Appointed Date) and consequent thereto, the entire business undertakings of ESSL, stands transferred to and vested in the Company, as a going concern with effect from the Appointed Date. The Company has now three sugar complexes - Simbhaoli (western Uttar Pradesh), Chilwaria (eastern Uttar Pradesh) and Brijnathpur (western Uttar Pradesh) having an aggregate crushing capacity of 19,500 TCD. The Company is technology driven with a business mix that spans from refined (sulphurless) sugar, specialty sugars, extra neutral alcohol (ENA), ethanol and bio-manure. The Company is engaged in sugar refining (Defeco Remelt Phosphotation and Ion Exchange technology), high value, niche products (specialty sugars) and clean energy (ethanol). The Company sells international standard refined, pharmaceutical grade and specialty sugars to the retail and bulk institutional consumer segments.

The Company is operating its different businesses through separate subsidiaries/jointly controlled entity, the details are given below:

* The Company is holding 29,011,770 shares constituting 43.74% of total shareholding in its name and also has the controlling rights in respect of 6.26% shareholding through its affiliates in the share capital of Uniworld Sugars Private Limited.

2. Significant accounting policies

i) Accounting convention

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in India (Indian GAAP) to comply with the Accounting Standards specified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the 2013 Act"). The financial statements have been prepared on accrual basis under the historical cost convention. The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are consistent with those followed in the previous year.

ii) Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the Management of the Company to make estimates and assumptions considered in the reported amounts of assets and liabilities (including contingent liabilities) and the reported income and expenses during the year. The Management believes that the estimates used in preparation of the financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Future results would differ due to these estimates and the differences between the actual results and the estimates are recognized in the periods in which the results are known/ materialize.

iii) Fixed assets

Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Cost is inclusive of freight, duties, taxes, other incidental expenses and, financing cost relating to borrowed funds attributable to construction or acquisition of fixed assets, up to the date the assets are ready for their intended use.

iv) Capital work-in-progress

Projects under which tangible fixed assets are not yet ready for their intended use are carried at cost, comprising direct cost, related incidental expenses and attributable interest.

v) Impairment

At each Balance Sheet date, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of impairment loss. Recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows expected from the continuing use of the asset and from its disposal are discounted to their present value using an appropriate discount rate that reflects the current market assessments of time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.

vi) Depreciation/ Amortization

In respect of tangible assets, the depreciation is provided by applying the following method at the rates specified in schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013:

vii) Leases

Where the Company as a lessor leased assets under finance leases, such amounts are recognized as receivables at an amount equal to the net investment in the lease and the finance income is recognized based on a constant rate of return on the outstanding net investment. Lease arrangements where the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vest with the lessor are recognized as operating leases. Lease rentals under operating leases are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis.

viii) Investments

Long term investments are stated at cost as reduced by provision for diminution, other than temporary, in the value, if any.

x) Cash and cash equivalent

Cash comprises of cash in hand and term / demand deposits with banks. Cash equivalents are short-term balances (with an original maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition), highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

xi) State excise duty

The state excise duty payable on potable alcohol is accounted for on the clearance of goods from the factory premises or bonded warehouses. The amount of state excise duty payable on alcohol not cleared from the factory premises and bonded warehouses as at the year end is not determinable as it varies according to the places to which the goods will be dispatched. However, non provision of this liability does not affect the profit/loss of the year.

xii) Employee benefits

A. Short term employee benefits

All employee benefits payable wholly within twelve months of rendering the service are classified as short-term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, allowances, etc., are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss of the year in which the employee renders the related service.

B. Post employment benefits

(a) Defined contribution plans

The Company''s contribution to provident fund, super annuation scheme, etc. are considered as defined contribution plans and are charged as an expense as it falls due based on the amount of contribution required to be made and when services are rendered by the employees.

(b) Defined benefit plans

For defined benefit plans in the form of gratuity fund, the cost of providing benefits is determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method with actuarial valuations being carried out at each balance sheet date. Actuarial gain and losses are recognized immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they occur. Obligation is measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows using a discounted rate that is determined by reference to market yields at the Balance Sheet date on Government Securities as reduced by the fair value of scheme assets.

C. Other long-term employee benefits

Long-term Compensated Absences and Long Service Awards are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the Projected Unit Credit Method, as at the date of the Balance Sheet. Actuarial gains / losses comprising of experience adjustments and the effects of changes in actuarial assumptions are immediately recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Obligation is measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows using a discounted rate that is determined by reference to market yields at the Balance Sheet date on Government Securities

xiii) Revenue recognition

Sales are recognized, net of returns and trade discounts, on transfer of significant risk and rewards of ownership to the buyer, which generally coincides with the dispatch of goods to customers. Sales include excise duty but exclude sales tax and value added tax.

Management fee income is accrued as per contractual terms.

xiv) Interest Income

Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis.

xv) Foreign Currency Transactions and Forward contracts

(a) Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at exchange rates prevailing on the day of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency, remaining unsettled at the period end are translated at closing rates. The difference in translation of monetary assets and liabilities and realized gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(b) Forward exchange contracts other than those entered into to hedge foreign currency risk of firm commitments or highly probable forecast transactions are translated at period end exchange rates. Premium or discount on such forward exchange contracts is amortized as income or expense over the life of the contract.

(c) Realized gain or losses on cancellation of forward exchange contracts are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss of the period in which they are cancelled.

(d) Exchange differences in respect of other unexpired foreign currency derivative contracts, which have been entered into to hedge foreign currency risks are marked to market and losses, if any, are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

xvi) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs include interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost. Costs in connection with the borrowing of funds to the extent not directly related to the acquisition of qualifying assets are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss. Borrowing costs, allocated to and utilized for qualifying assets, pertaining to the period from commencement of activities relating to construction / development of the qualifying asset up to the date of capitalization of such asset is added to the cost of the assets. Capitalization of borrowing costs is suspended and charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss during extended periods when active / continuous development on the qualifying assets is interrupted.

xvii) Government grants

Government grants are recognized where there is reasonable assurance that the condition attach to them will be complied and the grants will be received. Government grants are accounted for as under:

Government grants of the nature of promoters'' contribution are credited to the capital reserve and treated as a part of the Shareholder Fund.

Government grants related to specific depreciable fixed assets are adjusted with the value of assets. Government grants related to the specific non-depreciable fixed assets are credited to capital reserve.

Government grants that are receivable as compensation for expenses or losses incurred or for the purpose of giving immediate financial support are either deducted from the expenditure in case these relate to specific expenditure and in other cases, are treated as other income. These grants, if available, to the industry in general are treated as ordinary items and if available only to the company are treated as an extraordinary item and disclosed accordingly

xviii)Taxation

Provision for current taxation is ascertained on the basis of assessable profits computed in accordance with the provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961.

Deferred tax is recognized on timing differences, being the differences between the taxable income and the accounting income that originate in one period and are capable of reversal in one or more subsequent periods. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted as at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all timing differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized for timing differences of items to the extent that reasonable certainty exists that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these can be realized. However, if there are unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses and items relating to capital losses, deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that there will be sufficient future taxable income available to realize the assets. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if such items relate to taxes on income levied by the same governing tax laws and the Company has a legally enforceable right for such set off. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date for their reliability.

xix) Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing the profit/(loss) after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing the profit/ (loss) after tax as adjusted for dividend, interest and other charges to expense or income relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares

xix) Securities issue expenses

Securities issue expenses (net of tax) are adjusted from the securities premium account as permissible under Section 52 of the Companies Act, 2013.

xx) Provisions and contingencies

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past events and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Contingent liabilities are disclosed in the Notes. Contingent assets are not recognized in the financial statements.

xxi) Operating Cycle

Based on the nature of products / activities of the Company and the normal time between acquisition of assets and their realization in cash or cash equivalents, the Company has determined its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of classification of its assets and liabilities as current and non-current.