Accounting Policies of Raj Packaging Industries Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2024

NOTE 1: MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

1.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW

The Raj Packaging Industries Limited (the "Company") is a public limited company incorporated and domiciles in India and has its registered office at Flat No. 202 & 203, 6-3-1247, Metro Residency, Raj Bhavan Road, Hyderabad, Telangana - 500082. It is incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 and its shares are listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange.

The Company has got its manufacturing facility at Bibinagar Mandal, Nalgonda District, Telangana and is engaged in the manufacture of multilayer co-extruded plastic film and flexible packaging material. The financial statements are approved for issue by the Company''s Board of Directors on 25^th May, 2024.

1.2 BASIS OF ACCOUNTING AND STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as die ''Ind AS¹) as notified by Ministry of Corporate Affairs pursuant to section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (the ''Act'') read with rule 4 of the Companies (Indian Accounting standards) Rules, 2015 as amended and other relevant provisions of the Act.

The financial statements of the Company are prepared in accordance with the Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principal (GAAP) on accrual basis and under the historical cost convention, except for the following material items that have been measured at fair value as required by the relevant Ind AS:

> Certain financial assets and liabilities are measured at Fair value (refer accounting policy on financial instruments)

>• Defined Benefit and other Long-term Employee Benefits,

1.3 USE OF ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS

The preparation of the financial statements requires that the Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The recognition, measurement, classification or disclosure of an item or information in the financial statements is made relying on these estimates.

The estimates and judgements used in the preparation of the financial statements are continuously evaluated by the Company and are based on historical experience and various other assumptions and factors (including expectations of future events) that the Company believes to be reasonable under Lhe existing circumstances. Actual results could differ from those¹ estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognised prospectively in current and future periods.

All the assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the company''s normal operating cycle of twelve months and other criteria set out in Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013.

1.4 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT & INTANGIBLE ASSETS Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment are stated at cost net of recoverable taxes, trade discounts and rebates and include amounts added on revaluation, less accumulated depreciation (except Freehold Land) and impairment loss, if any. Costs include freight, import duties, non-refundable purchase taxes and other expenses directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset.

Capital Work-in-progress

Assets which are not ready for their intended use are disclosed as Capital Work-in-Progress. Depreciation/amortisation:

Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided to the extent of depreciable amount on the Straight Line Method (SLM). Depreciation is provided based on useful life of the assets as prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.

Individual Assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 are fully depreciated in the year of purchase.

Depreciation on assets added/sold or discarded during the year is being provided on pro-rata basis up to the date on which such assets are added/sold or discarded.

Gains/Losses on disposals/de-recognition of property, plant and equipment are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount and these are recognized in Statement of Profit & Loss.

1.5 IMPAIRMENT OF NON FINANCIAL ASSETS

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is any objective evidence that a nonfinancial asset or a Group of non-financial assets are impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the amount of impairment loss. For the purpose of assessing impairment, the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets is considered as a cash generating unit. If any such indication exists, an estimate of the recoverable amount of the individual asset/cash generating unit is made.

An impairment loss is calculated as the difference between an asset''s carrying amount and recoverable amount. Losses are recognised in profit or loss and reflected in an allowance account. When the Company considers that there are no realistic prospects of recovery of the asset, the relevant amounts are written off. If the amount of impairment loss subsequently decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, then the previously recognised impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss.

1.6 REVENUE RECOGNITION

The Company recognizes revenue, when or as control over distinct goods or services is transferred to the customer; i.e. when the customer is able to direct the use of the transferred goods or services and obtains substantially all of the remaining benefits, provided a contract with enforceable rights and obligations exists and amongst others collectability of consideration is probable taking into account customer''s creditworthiness.

Revenue is the transaction price the Company expects to be entitled to. In determining the transaction price, the Company considers effects of variable consideration, the existence of

significant financing contracts, non-cash consideration and consideration payable to the customer, if any. The Company considers whether there are other promises in the contract that are separate performance obligations to which the transaction price needs to be allocated.

Variable Consideration

If the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, the company estimates the amount of consideration to w''hich it will be entitled to in exchange for transferring goods to the customer. The variable consideration is estimated at contract inception and constrained until it is highly probable tliat a significant reversal of revenue will not occur once associated uncertainties are resolved.

The amount of variable consideration is calculated by either using the expected value or the most likely amount depending on which is expected to better predict the amount of variable consideration. Consideration is also adjusted for the time value of money if the period between the transfer of goods or services and the receipt of payment exceeds twelve months and there is a significant financing benefit either to Lhe customer or the Company. If a contract contains more than one distinct good or service, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on relative stand-alone selling prices. If stand-alone selling prices are not observable, the Company reasonably estimates those.

Revenue is recognized for each performance obligation either at a point in time or over time.

Sale of goods:

Revenues are recognized at a point in time when control of the goods passes to the buyer, usually upon (''itlier at the time of dispatch or delivery Export sales are recognized based on the shipped-on board date as per bill of lading, which is when substantial risks and rewards of ownership are passed to the customers. Revenue from sale of goods is net of taxes and recovery of charges collected from customers like transport, packing etc.

Other Income

Dividend income on investments is recognised when the right to receive dividend is established.

Interest income is recognized on a time proportionate basis taking into account die amounts invested and the rate of interest. For all financial instruments measured at amortised cost, interest income is recorded using the Effective interest rate method to the net carrying amount of the financial assets.

1.7 GOVERNMENT GRANTS

Government grants are recognised where there is reasonable assurance that the grant wid be received and ad attached conditions will be complied with. Government grants related to revenue are recognised on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over the periods necessary to match them with die related costs which they are intended to compensate. Such grants are deducted in reporting Lhe related expense. When Lhe grant relates to an asset, it is recognized as income over die expected useful life of the asset.

In case a non-monetary asset is given free of cost it is recognised at a fair value. When loan or similar assistance are provided by government or related institutions, with an interest rate below the current applicable market rate¹, the effect of this favorable interest is recognized as government grant. The loan or assistance is initiady recognized and measured at fair value and the government grant is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of die loan and the proceeds received.

1.8 INVENTORIES

Inventories includes Raw Material, Work-in-Progress, finished goods, Stores & spares, Consumables and Packing Materials and are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value.

Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:

Raw Material and Components - Cost include cost of purchases and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Cost is determined using Specific Identification Method.

Finished/Semi-Finished Goods -Cost includes cost of direct material, labour, other direct cost and a proportion of fixed manufacturing overheads allocated based on the normal operating capacity but excluding borrowing costs. Cost is determined on weighted average cost basis.

Stores, Spare Parts, Consumables, Packing Materials etc. - cost is determined on weighted average cost basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated cost of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

Adequate allowance is made for obsolete and slow moving items.

1.9 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Financial assets - Initial recognition

Financial assets are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. Financial assets other than trade receivables are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs for all financial assets not carried at fair value through profit or loss. Financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are initially recognised at fair value, and transaction costs are expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Subsequent measurement

Financial assets, other than equity instruments, are subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss on the basis of both:

(a) the entity''s business model for managing the financial assets and

(b) the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

(a) Measured at amortised cost:

A financial asset is measured at amortised cost, if it is held under the hold to collect business model i.e. held with an objective of holding the assets to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal outstanding. Amortised cost is calculated using the effec tive interest rate ("EIR") method by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in interest income in the Statement of Profit and Loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. On derecognition, gain or loss, if any, is recognised to Statement of Profit and Loss.

(b) Measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI):

A financial asset is measured at FVOCI, if it is held under the hold to collect and sell business model i.e. held with an objective to collect contractual cash flows and selling such financial asset and the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal outstanding. It is subsequently measured at fair value with fair value movements recognised in the OCI, except for interest income which recognised using EIR method. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. On derecognition, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in the OCI is reclassified from the equity to Statement of Profit and Loss.

(c) Measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL):

Investment in financial asset other than equity instrument, not measured at either amortised cost or FVOCI is measured at FVTPL. Such financial assets are measured at fair value with all c hanges in fair value, including interest income and dividend income if any, recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Equity Instruments:

All investments in equity instruments classified under financial assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading are measured at FVTPL.

For all other equity instruments, the Company may, on initial recognition, irrevocably elect to measure the same either at FVOCI or FVTPL. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. Fair value changes on an equity instrument shall be¹ recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss unless the Company has elected to measure such instrument at FVOCI. Fair value changes excluding dividends, on an equity instrument measured at FVOCI are recognised in the OCI. Amounts recognised in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) are not subsequently transferred to Statement of Profit and Loss. Dividend income on the investments in equity instruments are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss.

Impairment

The Company recognises a loss allowance for Expected Credit Losses (ECL) on financial assets that are measured at amortised cost and at FVOCI. The credit loss is difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to an entity in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e. all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original effective interest rate. This is assessed on an individual or collective basis after considering all reasonable and supportable including that which is forward-looking.

The Company''s trade receivables or contract revenue receivables do not contain significant financing component and loss allowance on trade receivables is measured at an amount equal to life time expected losses i.e. expected cash shortfall, being simplified approach for recognition of impairment loss allowance.

Under simplified approach, the Company does not track changes in credit risk. Rather it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on the lifetime ECL at each reporting date right from its initial recognition. The Company uses a provision matrix to determine impairment loss allowance on the portfolio of trade receivables.

The provision matrix is based on its historically observed default rates over the expected life of the trade receivable and is adjusted for forward looking estimates. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are updated and changes in the forward-looking estimates are analysed.

For financial assets other than trade receivables, tire Company recognises 12-month expected credit losses for all originated or acquired financial assets if at the reporting date the credit risk of the financial asset has not increased significantly since its initial recognition. The expected credit losses are measured as lifetime expec ted credit losses if die credit risk on financial asset increases significantly since its initial recognition. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer significant increase in credit risks since initial recognition, then the Company reverts to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on 12 months ECL.

The impairment losses and reversals are recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss. For equity instruments and financial assets measured at FVTPL, there is no requirement for impairment testing.

De-recognition

Tire Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers rights to receive cash flows from an asset, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company''s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Financial Liabilities

Initial Recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. Financial liabilities are initially recognised at fair value net of transaction costs for all financial liabilities not carried at fair value through profit or loss.

The Company''s financial liabilities includes trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts and derivative instruments.

Subsequent measurement

Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost are subsequently measured at using EIR method. Financial liabilities carried at fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value with all changes in fair value recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Loans & Borrowings:

After initial recognition, interest bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using EIR method. Gains and losses are recognized in profit & loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through EIR amortization process.

De-recognition

A financial liability is de-recognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different tenns, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

Derivative financial instruments

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward foreign exchange contracts, to hedge its foreign currency risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognised in Statement of Profit and Loss. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the Balance Sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and Lhere is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

1.10 FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT:

The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability lakes place either:

S In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

s hi the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

S Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities S Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable

S Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-

assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period. For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

1.11 EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

The Company provides following post-employment plans:

(a) Defined benefit plans such a gratuity and

(b) Defined contribution plans such as Provident fund and Superannuation fund

a) Defined-benefit plan:

The liability or asset recognised in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit gratuity plan is the present value of defined benefit obligations at the end of the reporting period less fair value of plan assets. The defined benefit obligations is calculated annually by actuaries through actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method.

The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as air expense in the statement of profit and loss:

(a) Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailment and non-routine settlements; and

(b) Net interest expense or income

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of tire defined benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets. This cost is included in employee benefit expenses in the statement of the profit & loss.

Re-nreasurement comprising of actuarial gains and losses arising from

(a) Re-measurement of Actuarial(gains)/losses

(b) Return on plan assets, excluding amount recognized in effect of asset ceiling

(c) Re-measurement arising because of change in effect of asset ceiling

are recognised in the period in which they occur direc tly in Other comprehensive income. Remeasurement are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.

Ind AS 19 requires the exercise of judgment in relation to various assumptions including future pay rises, inflation and discount rates and employee and pensioner demographics. The Company determines the assumptions in conjunction with its actuaries, and believes these assumptions to be in line with best practice, but the application of different assumptions could have a significant effect on the amounts reflected in the income statement, other comprehensive income and balance sheet. There may be also interdependency between some of the assumptions.

b) Defined-contribution plan:

Under defined contribution plans, provident fund, lire Company pays pre-defined amounts to separate funds and doc''s not have any legal or informal obligation to pay additional sums. Defined Contribution plan comprise of contributions to the employees'' provident fund with the government, superannuation fund and certain state plans like Employees'' Slate Insurance and Employees'' Pension Scheme. The Company''s payments to the defined contribution plans are recognised as expenses during the period in which the employees perform the services that the payment covers.

c) Other employee benefits:

(a) Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of lire obligation as at the Balance sheet date determined bast''d on an actuarial valuation.

(b) Undiscounted amount of short-tenn employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the services rendered by employees are recognised during tire period when the employee renders the related services.

(c) Expenses incurred towards voluntary retirement scheme are charged to the statement of profit and loss as and when incurred.

(d) Other benefits comprising of discretionary long service awards are recognized as and when determined.

1.12 LEASES

As a Lessee:

The Company''s lease asset classes generally consist of leases for land and buildings. The Company assesses whether a contract contains a least¹, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of lime in exchange for consideration.

To assess whether a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset, the Company assesses whether:

(i) the contract involves the use of an identified asset;

(ii) the Company has substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset through the period of the lease; and

(iii) the Company has tire right to direct the use of the asset.

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset ("ROU") and a corresponding lease liability for all lease arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for leases with a term of twelve months or less (short-term leases) and low value leases. For these short-term and low value leases, the Company recognizes the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

The right-of-use assets are initially recognized at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.

Certain lease arrangements includes the options to extend or terminate the lease before the end of the lease term. ROU assets and lease liabilities includes these options when it is reasonably certain that they will be¹ exercised.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. Right of use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose'' of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the Cash Generating Unit (CGU) to which the asset belongs.

The lease liability is initially measured at amortized cost at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease’ payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in Lhe lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates in tire country of domicile of these leases. Lease liabilities are remeasured with a corresponding adjustment to the related right of use asset if the Company changes its assessment if whether it will exercise an extension or a termination option.

The Company did not have any long-term leases, the adoption of this Standard did not have any impact on the loss for the quarter and year ended 31^st March, 2020.

As a Lesson

Lease income from operating leases where the Company is a lessor is recognised in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases. The respective leased assets are included in the balance sheet based on their nature.

1.13 FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS

a) Initial Recognition

Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. Exchange differences arising on foreign exchange transactions settled during the year are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss of the year.

b) Measurement of Foreign Currency Items at the Balance Sheet Date

Foreign currency monetary items of the Company are restated at the closing exchange rates. Non-monetary items are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing on tire date of the transaction. Exchange differences arising out of these transactions are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

1.14 TAXES ON INCOME

The income tax expense or credit for the period is the tax payable on the current period''s taxable income based on the applicable income tax rate adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences and to unused tax losses, if any.

Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax expense is rec ognized in the statement of profit and loss except to the extent it relates to items directly recognized in equity or in other comprehensive income.

Current tax is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit is different from accounting profit due to temporary differences between accounting and tax treatments, and due to items that are never taxable or tax deductible. Tax provisions are included in current liabilities. Interest and penalties on tax liabilities are provided for in the tax charge. The Company offsets, the current tax assets and liabilities (on a year on year basis) where it has a legally enforceable right and where it intends to settle such assets and liabilities on a net basis or to realise the assets and liabilities on net basis.

Deferred income tax is recognized using the balance sheet approach. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for deductible and taxable temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in financial statements. Deferred income tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are not recognised where it is more likely than not that the assets will not be³ realised in the'' future.

The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be¹ available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilized. Deferred income tax assets and liability''s are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

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Mar 31, 2015

1) GENERAL

a) The financial statements are prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP") of India under the historical cost convention on the accrual basis, except for certain tangible assets which are carried at revalued amounts. GAAP comprises mandatory accounting standards notified under the Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 and the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013. Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard required a change in accounting policy hitherto in use.

b) All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company's normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Schedule III to the Companies Act 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle to be 12 months for the purpose of current and non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

2) FiXED ASSETS

i) Fixed assets are stated at cost (net of CENVAT / Value Added Tax) less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Expenditure during construction period in respect of new project/ expansion is allocated to the respective fixed assets on their being ready for intended use Subsequent expenditure related to item of tangible asset are added to its book value only if they increase the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standards of performance.

ii) In accordance with AS 28 on 'Impairment of Assets', where there is an indication of impairment of the Company's assets related to cash generating units, the carrying amounts of such assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any impairment. The recoverable amount of such assets is estimated as the higher of its net selling price and its value in use. An impairment loss is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss whenever the carrying amount of such assets exceeds its recoverable amount.

3) INVESTMENTS

Investments are either classified as current or long-term based on the management's intention at the time of purchase. Long-term investments are carried at cost and provision is made to recognize any decline, other than temporary, in the value of such investments. Current investments are valued at the lower of the cost and fair value and provision is made to recognize any decline in the carrying value.

4) INVENTORIES

Inventories are valued at lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. Cost is determined on "First-in-First Out" basis.

The cost in case of finished goods and semi-finished goods includes cost of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs (on the basis of normal operating capacity) incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

5) REVENUE RECOGNITION

Revenue is recognized when the property and all the significant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer and no significant uncertainty exists regarding the amount of consideration. Sales are inclusive of excise duty and sales tax.

Dividend income on investments is accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established.

Interest income is recognized using time proportion method.

6) BORROWING COST

Borrowing Costs directly attributable to acquisition and construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as a part of the cost of such asset upto the date when such asset is ready for its intended use. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. Other borrowing costs are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.

7) DEPRECIATION

Depreciation on Fixed Assets is provided to the extent of depreciable amount on the Straight Line Method (SLM) Method. Depreciation is provided based on useful life of the assets as prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

Depreciation on additions / deletions of assets during the year is provided on pro-rata basis from the month of such addition or upto the month of such deletion as the case may be.

8) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

i) Provident Fund:

Provident Fund is a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

ii) Gratuity:

Gratuity is a defined benefit retirement plan. The Company contributes to the Scheme with Life Insurance Corporation of India based on actuarial valuation carried on by them as at the close of the financial year.

iii) Liability for compensated absences is provided for as per the rules of the Company.

9) FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS

Transactions denominated in foreign currency are recorded at rates that approximate the exchange rate prevailing on the date of respective transaction.

Exchange differences arising on foreign exchange transactions settled during the year are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss of the year. Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency, which are outstanding at the year end, are translated at the year end closing exchange rate and the resultant exchange differences are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The premium or the discount arising at the inception of the forward exchange contracts related to underlying receivables and payables are amortized as income or expense over the period of the contracts.

10) LEASES

Lease under which the Company assumes substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Such assets acquired are capitalized at fair value of the asset or present value of the minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease, whichever is lower. Lease payments under operating leases are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the lease term.

11) TAXATION

Income tax expenses comprise current tax (i.e., amount of tax for the year determined in accordance with the income tax law) and deferred tax charges or credit (reflecting the tax effects of timing differences between accounting income and taxable income of the year).

The deferred tax charge or credit and the corresponding deferred tax liabilities or assets are recognized using the tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax on assets are recognized and carried forward only if there is a virtual / reasonable certainty of realization of such assets in near future and are reviewed for their appropriateness of their respective carrying value at each balance sheet date.

Tax credit is recognized in respect of Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in terms of Section 115JAA of the Income Tax Act, 1961 based on convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal tax within the statutory time frame and the same is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.

12) PROVISIONS, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND CONTINGENT ASSETS

A provision is made based on a reliable estimate when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle an obligation. Contingent liabilities, if any are disclosed in the notes to accounts and are determined based on the management perception that these liabilities are not likely to materialize. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. Contingent assets are neither recognized nor disclosed in the financial statements.

13) GOVERNMENT GRANTS AND SUBSIDIES

Government Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is reasonable certainty that the grant/subsidy will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with. Grant/Subsidy receivable against an expense is deducted from such expenses and grant/subsidy receivable against a specific fixed asset is deducted from cost of the relevant fixed asset.

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Mar 31, 2014

1) GENERAL

i) The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in India, the Accounting Standards as notified under Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006, read with general circular 15/2013 of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs in respect of Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, the Provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 and 2013 and on the accounting principle of going concern. Expenses and Income to the extent considered payable and receivable, respectively, are accounted for on accrual basis, except those with significant uncertainties.

ii) The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of financial statements. The recognition, measurement, classification or disclosure of an item or information in the financial statements are made relying on these estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognized prospectively.

2) FIXED ASSETS

i) Fixed assets are stated at cost (net of CENVAT / Value Added Tax) less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Expenditure during construction period in respect of new project/ expansion is allocated to the respective fixed assets on their being ready for intended use.

ii) In accordance with AS 28 on ''Impairment of Assets'', where there is an indication of impairment of the Company''s assets related to cash generating units, the carrying amounts of such assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any impairment. The recoverable amount of such assets is estimated as the higher of its net selling price and its value in use. An impairment loss is recognized is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss whenever the carrying amount of such assets exceeds its recoverable amount.

3) INVESTMENTS

Investments are either classified as current or long-term based on the management''s intention at the time of purchase. Long-term investments are carried at cost and provision is made to recognize any decline, other than temporary, in the value of such investments. Current investments are valued at the lower of the cost and fair value and provision is made to recognize any decline in the carrying value.

4) INVENTORIES

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and estimated net realizable value. Cost is determined on "First-in- First Out" basis.

The cost in case of finished goods and semi-finished goods includes cost of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

5) REVENUE RECOGNITION

Revenue is recognized when the property and all the significant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer and no significant uncertainty exists regarding the amount of consideration. Sales are inclusive of excise duty and sales tax.

Dividend income on investments is accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established.

Interest income is recognized using time proportion method.

6) BORROWING COST

Borrowing Costs directly attributable to acquisition and construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as a part of the cost of such asset upto the date when such asset is ready for its intended use. Other borrowing costs are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss.

7) DEPRECIATION

Depreciation is provided on "Straight-line Method" at the rates and in the manner prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 and 2013 read with relevant circulars issued from time to time by the Department of Company Affairs.

Individual assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 are depreciated in full in the year of acquisition.

Depreciation on additions / deletions of assets during the year is provided on pro-rata basis.

8) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

i) Provident Fund:

Provident Fund is a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.

ii) Gratuity:

Gratuity is a defined benefit retirement plan. The Company contributes to the Scheme with Life Insurance Corporation of India based on actuarial valuation carried on by them as at the close of the financial year.

iii) Liability for leave encashment is provided for as per the rules of the Company.

9) FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS

Transactions denominated in foreign currency are recorded at rates that approximate the exchange rate prevailing on the date of respective transaction.

Exchange differences arising on foreign exchange transactions settled during the year are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss of the year. Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency, which are outstanding at the year end, are translated at the year end closing exchange rate and the resultant exchange differences are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

The premium or the discount arising at the inception of the forward exchange contracts related to underlying receivables and payables are amortized as income or expense over the period of the contracts.

As a matter of prudence, the Company does not recognize mark to market foreign exchange gain on derivative contracts entered into to hedge the foreign currency risk of future transactions and outstanding as at the year end.

10) LEASES

Lease under which the Company assumes substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. Such assets acquired are capitalized at fair value of the asset or present value of the minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease, whichever is lower. Lease payments under operating leases are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the lease term.

11) TAXATION

Income tax expenses comprise current tax (i.e., amount of tax for the year determined in accordance with the income tax law) and deferred tax charges or credit (reflecting the tax effects of timing differences between accounting income and taxable income of the year).

The deferred tax charge or credit and the corresponding deferred tax liabilities or assets are recognized using the tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax on assets are recognized and carried forward only if there is a virtual / reasonable certainty of realization of such assets in near future and are reviewed for their appropriateness of their respective carrying value at each balance sheet date.

Tax credit is recognized in respect of Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in terms of Section 115JAA of the Income Tax Act, 1961 based on convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal tax within the statutory time frame and the same is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.

12) PROVISIONS, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND CONTINGENT ASSETS

A provision is made based on a reliable estimate when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle an obligation. Contingent liabilities, if any are disclosed in the notes to accounts and are determined based on the management perception that these liabilities are not likely to materialize. Contingent assets are not recognized or disclosed in the financial statements.

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Mar 31, 2013

1) GENERAL

i) The financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP") under the historical cost convention on the accounting principles of a going concern and the Company follows mercantile system of accounting and recognizes income and expenditure on accrual basis except those with significant uncertainties.

ii) The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of financial statements. The recognition, measurement, classification or disclosure of an item or information in the financial statements are made relying on these estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognized prospectively.

2) FIXED ASSETS

i) Fixed assets are stated at cost (net of CENVAT / Value Added Tax) less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Expenditure during construction period in respect of new project/ expansion is allocated to the respective fixed assets on their being ready for intended use.

ii) In accordance with AS 28 on ''Impairment of Assets'' issued by The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, where there is an indication of impairment of the Company''s assets related to cash generating units, the carrying amounts of such assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any impairment. The recoverable amount of such assets is estimated as the higher of its net selling price and its value in use. An impairment loss is recognized is recognized in the Profit & Loss Accounts whenever the carrying amount of such assets exceeds its recoverable amount.

3) INVESTMENTS

Investments are either classified as current or long-term based on the management''s intention at the time of purchase. Long-term investments are carried at cost and provision is made to recognize any decline, other than temporary, in the value of such investments. Current investments are valued at the lower of the cost and fair value and provision is made to recognize any decline in the carrying value.

4) INVENTORIES

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and estimated net realizable value. Cost is determined on "First-in-First Out" basis.

The cost in case of finished goods and semi-finished goods includes cost of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

5) REVENUE RECOGNITION

Revenue is recognized when the property and all the significant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer and no significant uncertainty exists regarding the amount of consideration. Sales are inclusive of excise duty and sales tax.

Dividend income on investments is accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established.

Interest income is recognized using time proportion method.

6) BORROWING COST

Borrowing Costs directly attributable to acquisition and construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as a part of the cost of such asset upto the date when such asset is ready for its intended use. Other borrowing costs are charged to Statement of Profit & Loss Account.

7) DEPRECIATION

Depreciation is provided on "Straight Line Method" at the rates and in the manner prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 read with relevant circulars issued from time to time by the Department of Company Affairs.

Individual assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 are depreciated in full in the year of acquisition.

Depreciation on additions / deletions of assets during the year is provided on pro-rata basis.

8) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

i) Provident Fund :

Provident Fund is a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Account as incurred.

ii) Gratuity:

Gratuity is a defined benefit retirement plan and being accounted for on cash basis. iii) Liability for leave encashment is accounted for on cash basis.

9) FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS

Transactions denominated in foreign currency are recorded at the rate of exchange in force at the date of transactions. Gain and loses resulting from settlement of such transactions and from the transaction of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in Profit and Loss Account.

Premium in respect of forward foreign exchange contract is recognised over the life of the contracts. With respect to foreign exchange contracts entered into for highly probable future transactions or firm commitments, mark to market losses, if any, is recognized at the Balance Sheet date in view of the principle of prudence enunciated in AS – 1.

10) TAXATION

Income tax expenses comprise current tax (i.e., amount of tax for the year determined in accordance with the income tax law) and deferred tax charges or credit (reflecting the tax effects of timing differences between accounting income and taxable income of the year).

The deferred tax charge or credit and the corresponding deferred tax liabilities or assets are recognized using the tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax on assets are recognized and carried forward only if there is a virtual / reasonable certainty of realization of such assets in near future and are reviewed for their appropriateness of their respective carrying value at each balance sheet date.

Tax credit is recognized in respect of Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in terms of Section 115JAA of the Income Tax Act, 1961 based on convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal tax within the statutory time frame and the same is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.

11) PROVISIONS, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND CONTINGENT ASSETS

A provision is made based on a reliable estimate when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle an obligation. Contingent liabilities, if any are disclosed in the notes to accounts and are determined based on the management perception that these liabilities are not likely to materialize. Contingent assets are not recognized or disclosed in the financial statements.

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Mar 31, 2012

1) GENERAL

1) The financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP") under the historical cost convention on the accounting principles of a going concern and the Company follows mercantile system of accounting and recognizes income and expenditure on accrual basis except those with significant uncertainties.

ii) The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent liabilities on the date of financial statements. The recognition, measurement, classification or disclosure of an item or information in the financial statements are made relying on these estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognized prospectively.

2) FIXED ASSETS

Fixed assets are stated at cost (net of CENVAT / Value Added Tax) less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Expenditure during construction period in respect of new project/ expansion is allocated to the respective fixed assets on their being ready for intended use.

In accordance with AS 28 on 'Impairment of Assets' issued by The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, where there is an indication of impairment of the Company's assets related to cash generating units, the carrying amounts of such assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any impairment. The recoverable amount of such assets is estimated as the higher of its net selling price and its value in use. An impairment loss is recognized is recognized in the Profit & Loss Accounts whenever the carrying amount of such assets exceeds its recoverable amount.

3) INVESTMENTS

Investments are either classified as current or long-term based on the management's intention at the time of purchase. Long-term investments are carried at cost and provision is made to recognize any decline, other than temporary, in the value of such investments. Current investments are valued at the lower of the cost and fair value and provision is made to recognize any decline in the carrying value.

4) INVENTORIES

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and estimated net realizable value except scrap which is valued at net realizable value. Cost is determined on "First-in-First Out" basis.

The cost in case of finished goods and semi-finished goods includes cost of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

5) REVENUE RECOGNITION

Revenue is recognized when the property and all the significant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer and no significant uncertainty exists regarding the amount of consideration. Sales are inclusive of excise duty and sales tax.

Dividend income on investments is accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established. Interest income is recognized using time proportion method.

6) BORROWING COST

Borrowing Costs directly attributable to acquisition and construction of qualifying assets are capitalized as a part of the cost of such asset upto the date when such asset is ready for its intended use. Other borrowing costs are charged to Statement of Profit & Loss.

7) DEPRECIATION

Depreciation is provided on "Straight Line Method" at the rates and in the manner prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 read with relevant circulars issued from time to time by the Department of Company Affairs.

Individual assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 are depreciated in full in the year of acquisition. Depreciation on additions / deletions of assets during the year is provided on pro-rata basis.

8) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

i) Provident Fund:

Provident Fund is a defined contribution scheme and the contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Account as incurred.

ii) Gratuity:

Gratuity is a defined benefit retirement plan and being accounted for on cash basis.

iii) Liability for leave encashment is accounted for on cash basis.

9) FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS

Transactions denominated in foreign currency are recorded at the rate of exchange in force at the date of transactions. Gain and loses resulting from settlement of such transactions and from the transaction of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in Profit and Loss Account.

Premium in respect of forward foreign exchange contract is recognised over the life of the contracts. With respect to foreign exchange contracts entered into for highly probable future transactions or firm commitments, mark to market losses, if any, is recognized at the Balance Sheet date in view of the principle of prudence enunciated in AS - 1.

10) TAXATION

Income tax expenses comprise current tax (i.e., amount of tax for the year determined in accordance with the income tax law) and deferred tax charges or credit (reflecting the tax effects of timing differences between accounting income and taxable income of the year).

The deferred tax charge or credit and the corresponding deferred tax liabilities or assets are recognized using the tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax on assets are recognized and carried forward only if there is a virtual / reasonable certainty of realization of such assets in near future and are reviewed for their appropriateness of their respective carrying value at each balance sheet date.

Tax credit is recognized in respect of Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in terms of Section 115JAA of the Income Tax Act, 1961 based on convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal tax within the statutory time frame and the same is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.

11) PROVISIONS, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND CONTINGENT ASSETS

A provision is made based on a reliable estimate when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle an obligation. Contingent liabilities, if any are disclosed in the notes to accounts and are determined based on the management perception that these liabilities are not likely to materialize. Contingent assets are not recognized or disclosed in the financial statements.

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Mar 31, 2010

1) GENERAL

a) The financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Generally Accepted

Accounting Principles ("GAAP") under the historical cost convention on the accounting principles of a going concern and the Company follows mercantile system of accounting and recognizes income and expenditure on accrual basis except those with significant uncertainties. GAAP comprises mandatory accounting standards issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India ("ICAI"), the provisions of the. Companies Act, 1956 and guidelines issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India. Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in accounting policy hitherto in use.b) The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contin- gent liabilities on the date of financial statements. The recognition, measurement, classi- fication or disclosure of an item or information in the financial statements are made relying on these estimates. Any revision to accounting estimates is recognized prospec- tively.

2) FIXED ASSETS

a) All fixed assets are stated at cost net of CENVAT / Value Added Tax less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Expenditure during construction period in respect of new project/expansion is allocated to the respective fixed assets on their being ready for commercial use.

b) In accordance with AS 28 on Impairment of Assets issued by The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, where there is an indication of impairment of the Companys assets

related to cash generating units, the carrying amounts of such assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any impairment. The recoverable amount of such assets is estimated as the higher of its net selling price and its value in use. An impairment loss is recognized is recognized in the Profit & Loss Accounts whenever the carrying amount of such assets exceeds its recoverable amount.

3) INVESTMENTS

Investments are either classified as current or long-term based on the managements intention at the time of purchase. Long-term investments are carried at cost and provision is made to recognize any decline, other than temporary, in the value of such investments. Current invest- ments are carried at the lower of the cost and fair value and provision is made to recognize any decline in the carrying value.

4) INVENTORIES

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and estimated net realizable value except scrap which is valued at net realizable value. Cost is determined on "First-in-First Out" basis.

The cost in case of finished goods and semi-finished goods includes cost of purchase, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

5) REVENUE RECOGNITION

Revenue is recognized when the property and all the significant risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the buyer and no significant uncertainty exists regarding the amount of consid- eration. Local sales are inclusive of excise duty and sales tax.

Dividend income on investments is accounted for when the right to receive the payment is established.

6) BORROWING COST

Borrowing Costs directly attributable to acquisition and construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as a part of the cost of such asset upto the date when such asset is ready for its intended use. Other borrowing costs are charged to Profit & Loss Account.

7) DEPRECIATION

Depreciation is provided on "Straight Line Method" at the rates and in the manner prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 read with relevant circulars issued from time to time by the Department of Company Affairs.

Individual assets costing less than Rs. 5,000 are depreciated in full in the year of acquisition. Depreciation on additions / deletions of assets during the year in provided on pro-rata basis.

8) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

a) Provident Fund : Provident Fund is a defined contribution scheme and contributions are charged to the Profit and Loss Account as incurred.

b) Gratuity : Gratuity is a defined benefit retirement plan and being accounted for on cash basis.

c) Liability for leave encashment is accounted for on cash basis.

9) FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS

Transactions in foreign currency are recorded at the rate of exchange in force at the date of transactions. Gain and loses resulting from settlement of such transactions and from the transaction of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in Profit and Loss Account. Premium in respect of forward foreign exchange contract is recognised over the life of the contracts.

10) TAXATION

Income tax expenses comprise current tax and fringe benefit tax (i.e., amount of tax for the year determined in accordance with the income tax law) and deferred tax charges or credit (reflecting the tax effects of timing differences between accounting income and taxable income of the year).

The deferred tax charge or credit and the corresponding deferred tax liabilities or assets are recognized using the tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax on assets are recognized and carried forward only if there is a virtual / reasonable certainty of realization of such assets in near future and are reviewed for their appropriateness of their respective carrying value at each balance sheet date.

Tax credit is recognized in respect of Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in terms of Section 115JAA of the Income Tax Act, 1961 based on convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal tax within the statutory time frame and the same is reviewed at each Balance Sheet date.

11) PROVISIONS, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND CONTINGENT ASSETS

A provision is made based on a reliable estimate when it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle an obligation. Contingent liabilities are disclosed in the notes to accounts and are determined based on the management perception that these liabilities are not likely to materialise. Contingent assets are not recognised or disclosed in the financial statements.