Accounting Policies of Orient Cement Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2025

2.1 Material accounting policies
(a) Property, plant and equipment (PPE)

The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment
shall be recognised as an asset if, and only if it is
probable that future economic benefits associated
with the item will flow to the Company and the cost
of the item can be measured reliably.

Property, plant and equipment (including capital work
in progress) is stated at cost, net of accumulated
depreciation and accumulated impairment losses,
if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part
of the plant and equipment and borrowing costs for
long-term construction projects if the recognition
criteria are met. When significant parts of property,
plant and equipment are required to be replaced at
intervals, the Company depreciates them separately
based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a
major overhaul is performed, its cost is recognised in
the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a
replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied.
All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised
in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred.
The present value of the expected cost for the
decommissioning of an asset after its use is included
in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition

criteria for a provision are met. Material items such
as spare parts, stand-by equipment and service
equipment are classified as PPE when they meet the
definition of PPE as specified in Ind AS 16 - Property,
Plant and Equipment.

Cost of an item of property, plant and equipment
comprises its purchase price, including import duties
and non-refundable purchase taxes, after deducting
trade discounts and rebates, any directly attributable
cost of bringing the item to its working condition for
its intended use and estimated costs of dismantling
and removing the item and restoring the site on
which it is located.

The cost of a self-constructed item of property, plant
and equipment comprises the cost of materials and
direct labour, any other costs directly attributable to
bringing the item to working condition for its intended
use, and estimated costs of dismantling and removing
the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

Freehold Land and buildings are measured at historical
cost less accumulated depreciation on buildings and
impairment losses, if any.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any
significant part initially recognised is derecognised
upon disposal or when no future economic benefits
are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses
arising from derecognition of the asset are measured
as the difference between the net disposal proceeds
and the carrying amount of the asset and are
recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when
the asset is derecognised.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is
probable that the future economic benefits associated
with the expenditure will flow to the company and the
subsequent expenditure can be measured reliably.

The cost of property, plant and equipment at 1
April 2016, the Company''s date of transition to Ind AS,
was determined with reference to its carrying value
recognised as per the previous GAAP (deemed cost),
as at the date of transition to Ind AS.

Production stripping costs

Production stripping costs are incurred to extract the
ore in the form of inventories and/or to improve access
to an additional component of an ore body or deeper
levels of material.

The Company recognises a stripping activity asset in
the production phase if, and only if, all of the following
conditions are met: it is probable that the future
economic benefit (improved access to the ore body)
associated with the stripping activity will flow to the
Company, the Company can identify the component
of the ore body for which access has been improved
and the costs relating to the improved access to that
component can be measured reliably.

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment
added / disposed-off during the year is provided on
pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition/
disposal. The management has estimated, supported
by technical assessment by experts, the useful lives
of certain plant and equipment as 5 to 25 years.
These lives are lower than those indicated in Schedule
II to the Companies Act, 2013. The management
believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic
and reflect fair approximation of the period over which
the assets are likely to be used.

The residual values, useful lives, and methods of
depreciation of property, plant and equipment are
reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted
prospectively, if appropriate.

I f significant parts of an item of property, plant and
equipment have different useful lives, then they are
accounted for as separate items (major components)
of property, plant and equipment. Any gain or loss on
disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment
is recognised in profit or loss.

Such costs are presented within mining assets.
After initial recognition, stripping activity assets
are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation
and impairment, if any. The expected useful life of
the identified component of the ore body is used to
depreciate or amortise the stripping asset.

(b) Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on
initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition,
intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated
amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if
any. Internally generated intangible assets, excluding
capitalized development costs, are not capitalised and
expenditure is reflected in the Statement of Profit and
Loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

Cost of an item of intangible assets comprises
its purchase price, including import duties and
non-refundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade
discounts and rebates, any directly attributable cost
of preparing the asset for its intended use.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it
increases the future economic benefits embodied in
the specific asset to which it relates.

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as
either finite or indefinite.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over
the useful economic life and assessed for impairment
whenever there is an indication that the intangible
asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and
the amortisation method for an intangible asset with
a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end
of each reporting period. Changes in the expected
useful life or the expected pattern of consumption
of future economic benefits embodied in the asset
are considered to modify the amortisation period or
method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in
accounting estimates.

I ntangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not
amortised, but are tested for impairment annually,
either individually or at the cash-generating unit level.
The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually
to determine whether the indefinite life continues to
be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from
indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an
intangible asset are measured as the difference
between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying
amount of the asset and are recognised in the
Statement of Profit and Loss when the assets
is derecognised.

The cost of intangible assets at 1 April 2016, the
Company''s date of transition to Ind AS, was determined
with reference to its carrying value recognised as per
the previous GAAP (deemed cost), as at the date of
transition to Ind AS.

C) Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in
the balance sheet based on current / non-current
classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

¦ Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or
consumed in normal operating cycle;

¦ Held primarily for the purpose of trading;

¦ Expected to be realised within twelve months after
the reporting period, or

¦ Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from
being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at
least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

¦ It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle;

¦ It is held primarily for the purpose of trading;

¦ It is due to be settled within twelve months after
the reporting period; or

¦ There is no unconditional right to defer the
settlement of the liability for at least twelve months
after the reporting period.

The Company classifies all other liabilities
as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as
non-current assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition
of assets for processing and their realisation in cash
and cash equivalents. The Company has identified
twelve months as its operating cycle.

(d) Leases

The Company assesses at contract inception whether
a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the
contract conveys the right to control the use of an
identified asset for a period of time in exchange
for consideration.

Company as a lessee

The Company applies a single recognition and
measurement approach for all leases, except for
short-term leases and leases of low-value assets.
The Company recognises lease liabilities to make
lease payments and right-of-use assets representing
the right to use the underlying assets.

Right-of-use assets

The Company recognises right-of-use assets at
the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the
date the underlying asset is available for use).
Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any
accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and
adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities.
The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount
of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs
incurred, and lease payments made at or before
the commencement date less any lease incentives
received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a
straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term
and the estimated useful lives of the assets.

I f ownership of the leased asset transfers to the
Company at the end of the lease term or the
cost reflects the exercise of a purchase option,
depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful
life of the asset.

The right-of-use assets are also subject to impairment.
Refer to the accounting policies in section (f)
Impairment of non-financial assets.

Lease Liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company
recognises lease liabilities measured at the present
value of lease payments to be made over the lease
term. The lease payments include fixed payments
(including in substance fixed payments) less any lease
incentives receivable, variable lease payments that
depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected
to be paid under residual value guarantees.

I n calculating the present value of lease payments,
the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at
the lease commencement date because the interest
rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable.
After the commencement date, the amount of lease
liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of
interest and reduced for the lease payments made.
In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities
is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in
the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g.,
changes to future payments resulting from a change
in an index or rate used to determine such lease
payments) or a change in the assessment of an option
to purchase the underlying asset (refer Note 18).

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company has elected not to recognise ROU and
lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease
term of 12 months or lower and leases of low-value
assets. The Company recognises the lease payments
associated with these leases as an expense over the
lease term. The related cash flows are classified as
Operating activities in the Statement of Cash Flows.

Company as a lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer
substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to
ownership of an asset are classified as operating
leases. Rental income arising is accounted for on a
straight-line basis over the lease terms. Initial direct

costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an
operating lease are added to the carrying amount of
the leased asset and recognised over the lease term
on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents
are recognised as revenue in the period in which
they are earned.

(e) Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date
whether there is an indication that an asset may be
impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual
impairment testing for an asset is required, the
Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount.
An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an
asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (CGU) fair value less
costs of disposal and its value in use. The recoverable
amount is determined for an individual asset, unless
the asset does not generate cash inflows that are
largely independent of those from other assets or
groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an
asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the
asset is considered impaired and is written down to
its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use,
the estimated future cash flows are discounted to
their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that
reflects current market assessments of the time value
of money and the risks specific to the asset.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on
detailed budgets and forecast calculations which
are prepared separately for each of the Company''s
cash-generating units to which the individual assets
are allocated. Impairment losses of continuing
operations, including impairment on inventories, are
recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

For assets, an assessment is made at each reporting
date to determine whether there is an indication
that previously recognised impairment losses no
longer exist or have decreased. If such indication
exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or CGU''s
recoverable amount. A previously recognised
impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a
change in the assumptions used to determine the
asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment
loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that
the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its
recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount
that would have been determined, net of depreciation,
had no impairment loss been recognised for the

asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the
Statement of Profit and Loss.

I ntangible assets with indefinite useful lives are
tested for impairment annually at the CGU level, as
appropriate, and when circumstances indicate that
the carrying value may be impaired. After impairment,
depreciation is provided on the revised carrying
amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

(f) Government grants and subsidies

Grants and subsidies from the government are
recognised when there is reasonable assurance that (i)
the Company will comply with the conditions attached
to them, and (ii) the grant/subsidy will be received.

When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it
is recognised as income on a systematic basis in
the Statement of Profit and Loss over the periods
necessary to match them with the related costs, which
they are intended to compensate. Where the grant
relates to an asset, it is deducted while calculating
carrying amount of the asset. The grant is recognised
in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the life of the
depreciable asset as a reduced depreciation expense.

When the Company receives grants of non-monetary
assets, the asset and the grant are recorded at fair
value amounts and released to the Statement of Profit
and Loss over the expected useful life in a pattern of
consumption of the benefit of the underlying asset
i.e. by equal annual instalments. When loans or similar
assistance are provided by governments or related
institutions, with an interest rate below the current
applicable market rate, the effect of this favourable
interest is regarded as a government grant. The loan
or assistance is initially recognised and measured
at fair value and the government grant is measured
as the difference between the initial carrying value
of the loan and the proceeds received. The loan is
subsequently measured as per the accounting policy
applicable to financial liabilities in respect of loans /
assistances received.

(g) Inventories

Raw materials, fuels, stores and spares and packing
materials are valued at lower of cost and net realizable
value. However, these items are considered to be
realisable at cost, if the finished products, in which
they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above
cost. Cost is determined on weighted average basis

which includes expenditure incurred for acquiring
inventories like purchase price, import duties, taxes
(net of tax credit) and other costs incurred in bringing
the inventories to their present location and condition.

Work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at
lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes
direct materials and labour and a proportion of
manufacturing overheads based on normal operating
capacity. Cost of such inventories is computed on
annual weighted average basis.

Saleable scrap, whose cost is not identifiable, is valued
at net realisable value.

Net realisable value (NRV) is the estimated selling
price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated
costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to
make the sale. The comparison of cost and is made on
item by item basis.

(h) Revenue from contract with customer

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised
when control of the goods or services are transferred
to the customer at an amount that reflects the
consideration to which the Company expects to be
entitled in exchange for those goods or services.
The Company has generally concluded that it is
the principal in its revenue arrangements, because
it typically controls the goods or services before
transferring them to the customer.

Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised on the basis
of approved contracts regarding the transfer of goods
or services to a customer for an amount that reflects
the consideration to which the entity expects to be
entitled in exchange for those goods. The normal
credit term is 0 to 90 days upon delivery. The revenue
is measured based on the consideration defined in
the contract with a customer, including variable
consideration, such as discounts, volume rebates, or
other contractual reductions. As the period between
the date on which the Company transfers the promised
goods to the customer and the date on which the
customer pays for these goods is generally one year
or less, no financing components are considered.

The Company considers whether there are other
promises in the contract that are separate performance

obligations to which a portion of the transaction price
needs to be allocated.

Variable consideration- This includes incentives,
volume rebates, discounts etc. It is estimated at
contract inception considering the terms of various
schemes with customers and constrained until it is
highly probable that a significant revenue reversal
in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will
not occur when the associated uncertainty with the
variable consideration is subsequently resolved. It is
reassessed at end of each reporting period.

(i) Retirement and other employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured
on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the
related service is provided. A liability is recognised
for the amount expected to be paid under short-term
cash bonus, if the Company has a present legal or
constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result
of past service provided by the employee and the
obligation can be estimated reliably

Defined contribution plans

Retirement benefit in the form of Provident Fund,
Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) and
Superannuation Schemes are defined contribution
schemes. The Company has no obligation, other than
the contribution payable to the respective funds.
The Company recognises contribution payable to the
scheme as an expenditure, when an employee renders
the related service. If the contribution payable to the
scheme for service received before the balance sheet
date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit
payable to the scheme is recognised as a liability
after deducting the contribution already paid. If the
contribution already paid exceeds the contribution
due for services received before the balance sheet
date, then excess is recognised as an asset to the
extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example,
a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

Defined benefit plans

Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and
is provided for on the basis of actuarial valuation
done on projected unit credit method at the
balance sheet date.

Remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability,
which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the
return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the
effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest),
are recognised immediately in OCI. The Company
determines the net interest expense (income) on the
net defined benefit liability (asset) for the period by
applying the discount rate determined by reference
to market yields at the end of the reporting period
on government bonds. This rate is applied on the net
defined benefit liability (asset), both as determined
at the start of the annual reporting period, taking into
account any changes in the net defined benefit liability
(asset) during the period as a result of contributions
and benefit payments. Net interest expense and
other expenses related to defined benefit plans are
recognised in profit or loss.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a
plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that
relates to past service (''past service cost'' or ''past
service gain'') or the gain or loss on curtailment is
recognised immediately in profit or loss. The Company
recognises gains and losses on the settlement of a
defined plan when the settlement occurs.

Other long-term employee benefits

The Company treats accumulated leaves expected
to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as
long-term employee benefit for measurement
purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are
provided for based on the actuarial valuation using
the projected unit credit method at the end of each
financial year. The Company presents the leave as
current liability in the balance sheet, to the extent
it does not have an unconditional right to defer its
settlement beyond 12 months after the reporting
date. Where the Company has unconditional legal
and contractual right to defer the settlement for
the period beyond 12 months, the same is presented
as non-current liability. Actuarial gains/losses are
immediately taken to the Statement of Profit and Loss
and are not deferred.

(j) Taxes

Income Tax

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred
tax. It is recognised in profit or loss except to the
extent that it relates to a business combination,
or items recognised directly in equity or in Other
comprehensive income. The Company has determined
that interest and penalties related to income taxes,
including uncertain tax treatments, do not meet the
definition of income taxes, and therefore accounted
for them under Ind AS 37 Provisions, Contingent
Liabilities and Contingent Assets.

(i) Current Taxes

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable
or receivable on the taxable income or loss for
the year and any adjustment to the tax payable
or receivable in respect of previous years.
The amount of current tax payable or receivable
is the best estimate of the tax amount expected
to be paid or received that reflects uncertainty
related to income taxes, if any. It is measured
using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted
at the reporting date.

Current tax assets and liabilities are offset only if
there is a legally enforceable right to set off the
recognised amounts, and it is intended to realise
the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or
simultaneously.

(ii) Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary
differences between the carrying amounts
of assets and liabilities for financial reporting
purposes and the corresponding amounts
used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is
also recognised in respect of carried forward
tax losses and tax credits. Deferred tax is not
recognised for:

¦ temporary differences on the initial recognition
of assets or liabilities in a transaction that:

¦ is not a business combination; and

¦ at the time of the transaction (i) affects
neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss
and (ii) does not give rise to equal taxable and
deductible temporary differences

¦ temporary differences related to
investments in subsidiaries, associates and
joint arrangements to the extent that the
Company is able to control the timing of the
reversal of the temporary differences and it
is probable that they will not reverse in the
foreseeable future; and

¦ taxable temporary differences arising on the
initial recognition of goodwill.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax
losses, unused tax credits and deductible temporary
differences to the extent that it is probable that future
taxable profits will be available against which they
can be used. Future taxable profits are determined
based on the reversal of relevant taxable temporary
differences. If the amount of taxable temporary
differences is insufficient to recognise a deferred
tax asset in full, then future taxable profits, adjusted
for reversals of existing temporary differences,
are considered, based on the business plans of the
Company. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each
reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it
is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will
be realised; such reductions are reversed when the
probability of future taxable profits improves.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are
expected to apply to the period when the asset is
realised or the liability is settled, based on the laws
that have been enacted or substantively enacted by
the reporting date.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax
consequences that would follow from the manner
in which the Company expects, at the reporting
date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its
assets and liabilities. For this purpose, the carrying
amount of investment property is presumed to be
recovered through sale.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there
is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax
liabilities and assets, and they relate to income
taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same
taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they

intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on
a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be
realised simultaneously

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged
to the Statement of Profit and Loss as current tax for
the year. The Company recognises MAT credit available
as deferred tax asset only when there is convincing
evidence that sufficient taxable profit will be available
to allow all or part of MAT credit to be utilised during
the specified period, i.e., the period for which such
credit is allowed to be utilised. In the year in which
the Company recognises MAT credit as an asset, it is
created by way of credit to the Statement of Profit
and Loss and shown as part of deferred tax asset.
The Company reviews the "MAT credit entitlement”
asset at each reporting date and writes down the
asset to the extent that it is no longer probable that
it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

(k) Segment reporting

Identification of segments

An operating segment is a component of the Company
that engages in business activities from which it may
earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating
results are regularly reviewed by the company''s
Managing Director & CEO to make decisions for
which discrete financial information is available.
Based on the management approach as defined in Ind
AS 108, the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM”)
evaluates the Company''s performance and allocates
resources based on an analysis of various performance
indicators by business segments and geographic
segments. The analysis of geographical segments
is based on the areas in which the customers of the
Company are located.

(l) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the
net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity
shareholders by the weighted average number of equity
shares outstanding during the year. The weighted
average number of equity shares outstanding during
the period is adjusted for events such as bonus issue,
bonus element in a rights issue, share split, and
reverse share split (consolidation of shares) that have
changed the number of equity shares outstanding,
without a corresponding change in resources.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per
share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to
equity shareholders and the weighted average number
of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for
the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

---

Mar 31, 2024

1. Corporate information

Orient Cement Limited (“the Company”) having CIN: L26940OR2011PLC013933, Regd. Office : Unit VIII, Plot 7, Bhoinagar, Bhubaneswar - 751012 (Odisha), is a public company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Its shares are listed on National Stock Exchange of India and Bombay Stock exchange in India. The cement undertaking of Orient Paper & Industries Limited (OPIL) was transferred to the Company on a going concern basis w.e.f. 1st April 2012, pursuant to the scheme of arrangement approved by the Hon''ble High Court of Orissa.

The Company is primarily engaged in the manufacture and sale of Cement and its manufacturing facilities are located at Devapur in Telangana, Chittapur in Karnataka and Jalgaon in Maharashtra.

2. Basis of preparation

A. Statement of Compliance

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (“Ind AS”) as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (‘Act'') and other relevant provisions of the Act.

These Ind AS financial statements are authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the Board of Directors on May 01,2024.

B. Functional and Presentation currency

The Ind AS financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR), which is also the Company’s functional currency. All amounts have been rounded-off to the nearest lacs (INR 00,000), except when otherwise indicated.

C. Basis of measurement

These Ind AS financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value and net defined benefit (asset)/liability measured as per actuarial valuation.

D. Use of estimates and judgements

In preparing these financial statements, management has made judgements and estimates that affect the application of the Company’s accounting polices and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, Income and expenses. Actual results may differ from the estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to estimates are recognised prospectively.

(i) Judgement

Information about judgments made in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effects on the amounts recognised in the financial statements is included in the following notes.

• Note 20 - Deferred tax liabilities (net).

• Note 35 - Shared Based payments - ESOPs.

• Note 36 - Leases, whether an arrangement contains leases.

• Note 38 - Contingencies.

• Note 48 - Financial instruments - Fair values and risk management.

(ii) Assumptions and estimation uncertainties:

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment in the year ended 31 March 2024 is included in the following notes:

• Note 3 and 4 - Useful lives of property, plant and equipment, and Intangible assets.

• Note 20 - Deferred tax liabilities (net).

• Note 34 - Measurement of defined benefit obligations and key actuarial assumptions.

• Note 38 - Contingencies.

• Note 42 - Measurement of ECL allowance for trade receivables.

• Note 48 - Financial instruments - Fair values and risk management.

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

Taxes

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses including unabsorbed depreciation can be utilised. Significant management estimate and assumptions is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies. Further, details on taxes are disclosed in Note 20.

Provision for Restoration cost and rehabilitation and resettlement cost obligations relating to mines

In determining the fair value of the Restoration cost and rehabilitation and resettlement cost obligation relating to mines, assumptions and estimates are made in relation to discount rates, the expected cost to be incurred over the specified period and the expected timing of such costs. Also refer Note 19.

Useful Lives of Property, plant and equipment

The Company uses technical expertise along with historical and industry trends for determining the economic life of an certain asset/component of an asset. The useful lives are reviewed by management yearly and revised, if appropriate. In case of a revision, the unamortised depreciable amount is charged over the remaining useful life of the assets.

Defined benefit plans

The cost of defined benefit gratuity plan and its present value of the obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, an employee benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions particularly the discount rate and estimate of future salary increase. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

In determining the appropriate discount rate for plans operated in India, the management considers the interest rates of government bonds. The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables. Those mortality tables tend to change only at interval in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases are based on expected future inflation rates.

Further details about gratuity obligations are given in Note 34.

Share-based payments

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using the Black Scholes Model, which is dependent on the terms and conditions of the grant. This estimate also requires determination of the most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the expected life of the share option, volatility and dividend yield and making assumptions about them. The assumptions and models used for estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions are disclosed in Note 35.

Impairment of non-financial assets

Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The fair value less costs of disposal calculation is based on available data from binding sales transactions, conducted at arm''s length, for similar assets or observable market prices less incremental costs for disposing of the asset. The value in use calculation is based on a Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model. The carrying amounts of the Company''s non-financial assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the recoverable amounts of cash-generating units have been determined based on value in use calculations. These calculations require the use of estimates such as discount rates and growth rates.

2.1 Material accounting policies

(a) Property, plant and equipment (PPE)

The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment shall be recognised as an asset if, and only if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Property, plant and equipment (including capital work in progress) is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major overhaul is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met. Material items such as spare parts, stand-by equipment and service equipment are classified as PPE when they meet the definition of PPE as specified in Ind AS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment.

Cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any directly attributable cost of bringing the item to its working condition for its intended use and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

The cost of a self-constructed item of property, plant and equipment comprises the cost of materials and direct labour, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the item to working condition for its intended use, and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

Freehold Land and buildings are measured at historical cost less accumulated depreciation on buildings and impairment losses, if any.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of the asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the company and the subsequent expenditure can be measured reliably.

Depreciation is calculated on the cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual values using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, and is generally recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Depreciation is provided under straight line basis using the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows -

Class of Assets	Useful Lives estimated by the management	Useful Lives as stated in the Companies Act, 2013
Freehold Land	No depreciation except on freehold mining land Freehold mining land is depreciated over the period of respective mining agreement (42 to 44 years).
Factory Buildings	30 years	30 years
Non-Factory Buildings	5 to 60 years	5 to 60 years
Railway Sidings	15 years	15 years
Plant and equipment	5 to 25 years	5 to 25 years
Power plant	40 years	40 years
Furniture and Fixtures	8 to 10 years	8 to 10 years
Computers	3 years	3 years
Office Equipment	5 years	5 years
Vehicles	10 years	10 years

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment added / disposed-off during the year is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition/disposal. The management has estimated, supported by technical assessment by experts, the useful lives of certain plant and equipment as 5 to 25 years. These lives are lower than those indicated in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

The residual values, useful lives, and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

Production stripping costs

Production stripping costs are incurred to extract the ore in the form of inventories and/or to improve access to an additional component of an ore body or deeper levels of material.

The Company recognises a stripping activity asset in the production phase if, and only if, all of the following conditions are met: it is probable that the future economic benefit (improved access to the ore body) associated with the stripping activity will flow to the Company, the Company can identify the component of the ore body for which access has been improved and the costs relating to the improved access to that component can be measured reliably.

Such costs are presented within mining assets. After initial recognition, stripping activity assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment, if any. The expected useful life of the identified component of the ore body is used to depreciate or amortise the stripping asset.

(b) Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangible assets, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalised and expenditure is reflected in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

Cost of an item of intangible assets comprises its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any directly attributable cost of preparing the asset for its intended use.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which it relates.

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortised, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

A summary of the policies applied to the Company''s intangible assets is, as follows:

Class of Intangible Asset	Useful Lives estimated by the management	Amortisation method used
Specialized Software	3 years	Amortised on a straight-line basis over the period of agreement
Mining Rights	10 to 50 years	Amortised on a straight-line basis over the period of licence / agreement (reflective of usages pattern)

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the assets is derecognised.

(c) Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current / non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

• Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle;

• Held primarily for the purpose of trading;

• Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

• Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

• It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle;

• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading;

• It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period; or

• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

(d) Leases

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Company as a lessee

The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.

Right-of-use assets

The Company recognises right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets.

If ownership of the leased asset transfers to the Company at the end of the lease term or the cost reflects the exercise of a purchase option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset.

The right-of-use assets are also subject to impairment. Refer to the accounting policies in section (f) Impairment of nonfinancial assets.

Lease Liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees.

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset (refer Note 18).

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company has elected not to recognise ROU and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or lower and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense over the lease term. The related cash flows are classified as Operating activities in the Statement of Cash Flows.

Company as a lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income arising is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognised as revenue in the period in which they are earned.

(e) Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating unit''s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the Company’s cash-generating units to which the individual assets are allocated. Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

For assets, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset’s or CGU’s recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually at the CGU level, as appropriate, and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

(f) Government grants and subsidies

Grants and subsidies from the government are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that (i) the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them, and (ii) the grant/subsidy will be received.

When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is deducted while calculating carrying amount of the asset. The grant is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the life of the depreciable asset as a reduced depreciation expense.

When the Company receives grants of non-monetary assets, the asset and the grant are recorded at fair value amounts and released to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the expected useful life in a pattern of consumption of the benefit of the underlying asset i.e. by equal annual instalments. When loans or similar assistance are provided by governments or related institutions, with an interest rate below the current applicable market rate, the effect of this favourable interest is regarded as a government grant. The loan or assistance is initially recognised and measured at fair value and the government grant is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan and the proceeds received. The loan is subsequently measured as per the accounting policy applicable to financial liabilities in respect of loans / assistances received.

(g) Inventories

Raw materials, fuels, stores and spares and packing materials are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. However, these items are considered to be realisable at cost, if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on weighted average basis which includes expenditure incurred for acquiring inventories like purchase price, import duties, taxes (net of tax credit) and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

Work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of such inventories is computed on annual weighted average basis.

Saleable scrap, whose cost is not identifiable, is valued at net realisable value.

Net realisable value (NRV) is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale. The comparison of cost and is made on item by item basis.

(h) Revenue from contract with customer

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company has generally concluded that it is the principal in its revenue arrangements, because it typically controls the goods or services before transferring them to the customer.

Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised on the basis of approved contracts regarding the transfer of goods or services to a customer for an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods. The normal credit term is 0 to 90 days upon delivery. The revenue is measured based on the consideration defined in the contract with a customer, including variable consideration, such as discounts, volume rebates, or other contractual reductions. As the period between the date on which the Company transfers the promised goods to the customer and the date on which the customer pays for these goods is generally one year or less, no financing components are considered.

The Company considers whether there are other promises in the contract that are separate performance obligations to which a portion of the transaction price needs to be allocated.

Variable consideration - This includes incentives, volume rebates, discounts etc. It is estimated at contract inception considering the terms of various schemes with customers and constrained until it is highly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. It is reassessed at end of each reporting period.

(i) Retirement and other employee benefits Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid under short-term cash bonus, if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably

Defined contribution plans

Retirement benefit in the form of Provident Fund, Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) and Superannuation Schemes are defined contribution schemes. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the respective funds. The Company recognises contribution payable to the scheme as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognised as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognised as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

Defined benefit plans

Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of actuarial valuation done on projected unit credit method at the balance sheet date.

Re-measurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through Other Comprehensive Income in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to Statement Profit and Loss in subsequent periods.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service (‘past service cost'' or ‘past service gain'') or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognised immediately in profit or loss. The Company recognises gains and losses on the settlement of a defined plan when the settlement occurs.

Other long-term employee benefits

The Company treats accumulated leaves expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the end of each financial year. The Company presents the leave as current liability in the balance sheet, to the extent it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement beyond 12 months after the reporting date. Where the Company has unconditional legal and contractual right to defer the settlement for the period beyond 12 months, the same is presented as non-current liability. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the Statement of Profit and Loss and are not deferred.

(j) Taxes

Income Tax

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. It is recognised in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognised directly in equity or in Other comprehensive income. The Group has determined that interest and penalties related to income taxes, including uncertain tax treatments, do not meet the definition of income taxes, and therefore accounted for them under Ind AS 37 Provisions, of and Contingent Assets.

(i) Current Taxes

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax payable or receivable is the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received that reflects uncertainty related to income taxes, if any. It is measured using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Current tax assets and liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts, and it is intended to realise the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.

(ii) Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the corresponding amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is also recognised in respect of carried forward tax losses and tax credits. Deferred tax is not recognised for:

• temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that:

- is not a business combination; and

- at the time of the transaction (i) affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss and (ii) does not give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences

• temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements to the extent that vthe Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and

• taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax losses, unused tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. Future taxable profits are determined based on the reversal of relevant taxable temporary differences. If the amount of taxable temporary differences is insufficient to recognise a deferred tax asset in full, then future taxable profits, adjusted for reversals of existing temporary differences, are considered, based on the business plans for individual subsidiaries in the Group. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised; such reductions are reversed when the probability of future taxable profits improves.

Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities. For this purpose, the carrying amount of investment property is presumed to be recovered through sale.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realised simultaneously

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as current tax for the year. The Company recognises MAT credit available as deferred tax asset only when there is convincing evidence that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of MAT credit to be utilised during the specified period, i.e., the period for which such credit is allowed to be utilised. In the year in which the Company recognises MAT credit as an asset, it is created by way of credit to the Statement of Profit and Loss and shown as part of deferred tax asset. The Company reviews the “MAT credit entitlement” asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent that it is no longer probable that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

The Company is entitled to tax holiday under the Income Tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. No deferred tax (asset or liability) is recognised in respect of temporary differences which reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the concerned entity''s gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday period. Deferred tax in respect of temporary differences which reverse after the tax holiday period is recognised in the year in which the temporary difference originate.

(k) Segment reporting Identification of segments

An operating segment is a component of the Company that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the company''s Managing Director & CEO to make decisions for which discrete financial information is available. Based on the management approach as defined in Ind AS 108, the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) evaluates the Company''s performance and allocates resources based on an analysis of various performance indicators by business segments and geographic segments. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which the customers of the Company are located.

(l) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for events such as bonus issue, bonus element in a rights issue, share split, and reverse share split (consolidation of shares) that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(m) Provisions

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

Mines Restoration Provision

An obligation for restoration, rehabilitation and environmental costs arises when environmental disturbance is caused by the development or ongoing extraction from mines. Costs arising from restoration at closure of the mines and other site preparation work are provided for based on their discounted net present value, with a corresponding amount being capitalised at the start of each project. The amount provided for is recognised, as soon as the obligation to incur such costs arises. These costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the life of the operation through the depreciation of the asset and the unwinding of the discount on the provision. The costs are reviewed periodically and are adjusted to reflect known developments which may have an impact on the cost or life of operations. The cost of the related asset is adjusted for changes in the provision due to factors such as updated cost estimates, new disturbance and revisions to discount rates. The adjusted cost of the asset is depreciated prospectively over the lives of the assets to which they relate. The unwinding of the discount is shown as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(n) Contingent liabilities and Contingent Assets

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements. It is reviewed at each balance sheet date.

Contingent assets are not recognised in financial statements since this may result in the recognition of income that may never be realised. However, when the realisation of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is not a contingent asset and is recognised. A contingent asset is disclosed, in financial statements, where an inflow of economic benefits is probable. It is reviewed at each balance sheet date.

(o) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value and are also used for the purpose of Statement of Cash Flows, as these are considered an integral part of the Company''s cash management.

(p) Employee stock options

Certain employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model. The cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in reserves, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense.

Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value.

When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognised is the expense had the terms had not been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An additional expense is recognised for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediately through profit or loss.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

(q) Financial instruments

i. Recognition and initial measurement

Trade receivables and debt securities issued are initially recognised when they are originated. trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component are measured at transaction price (net of variable consideration). All other financial assets and liabilities are recognised are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

A Financial asset (unless it is a trade receivable without a significant financing component) or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus or minus, for an item not at FVTPL, transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue. A trade receivable without a significant financing component is initially measured at the transaction price.

ii. Financial assets - classification and subsequent measurement:

• Financial assets at amortised cost

Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

• Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

• Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income on initial recognition. The transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are immediately recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

iii. Financial liabilities - classification and subsequent measurement:

Financial liabilities are classified as either financial liabilities at FVTPL or other financial liabilities.

• Financial liabilities at FVTPL

Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is held for trading or are designated upon initial recognition as FVTPL. Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

• Other financial liabilities

Other financial liabilities (including borrowings and trade and other payables) are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

iv. De-recognition of financial instruments

• Financial asset

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the right to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters transaction whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet but retains either all or substantially all the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.

• Financial liability

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled or the same expires.

The Company also derecognise a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

v. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in the Balance Sheet when, and only when, the Company has a legally enforceable right to set off the amount and intends to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

vi. Fair value of financial instruments

In determining the fair value of its financial instruments, the Company uses following hierarchy and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each reporting date.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

Level 1: Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the financial statements cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the discounted cash flow model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgements is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk volatility and discount rates. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.

vii. Impairment

• Financial assets (other than at fair value)

The Company assesses at each date of the balance sheet whether a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. Ind AS 109 requires expected credit losses (‘ECL'') to be measured through a loss allowance. The Company recognises lifetime expected losses for trade receivables and contract assets that do not constitute a financing transaction. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month expected credit losses or at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses if the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition. The Company write-off’s the receivables only on completion of the legal proceedings or if it is certain that the balance will not be recoverable.

(r) Statement of Cash Flows

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby the net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

(s) Other income

Interest income is recognised using the time proportion method, based on the underlying interest rates.

(t) Changes in material accounting policy

(i) Material accounting policy information

The Company adopted Disclosure of Accounting Policies (Amendments to Ind AS 1) from 01 April 2023. Although the amendments did not result in any changes in the accounting policies themselves, they impacted the accounting policy information disclosed in the financial statements.

The amendments require the disclosure of ‘material’ rather than ‘significant’ accounting policies. The amendments also provide guidance on the application of materiality to disclosure of accounting policies, assisting entities to provide useful, entity-specific accounting policy information that users need to understand other information in the financial statements.

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Mar 31, 2023

1. Corporate information

Orient Cement Limited (“the Company") having CIN: L26940OR2011PLC013933 is a public company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Its shares are listed on National Stock exchange and Bombay Stock exchange in India. The cement undertaking of Orient Paper & Industries Limited (OPIL) was transferred to the Company on a going concern basis w.e.f. 1st April 2012, pursuant to the scheme of arrangement approved by the Hon''ble High Court of Orissa.

The Company is primarily engaged in the manufacture and sale of Cement and its manufacturing facilities are located at Devapur in Telangana, Chittapur in Karnataka and Jalgaon in Maharashtra.

2. Basis of preparation

A. Statement of Compliance

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (“Ind AS") as per the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) notified under the Companies Act, 2013 (“Act").

These Ind AS financial statements were authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the Board of Directors on April 28, 2023.

B. Functional and Presentation currency

The Ind AS financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR), which is also the Company''s functional currency. All amounts have been rounded-off to the nearest lacs (INR 00,000), except when otherwise indicated.

C. Basis of measurement

These Ind AS financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value and net defined benefit (asset)/liability measured as per actuarial valuation (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments).

D. Use of estimates and judgements

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

Taxes

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses including unabsorbed depreciation can be utilised. Significant management estimate and assumptions is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies. Further, details on taxes are disclosed in Note 20.

Provision for Restoration cost and rehabilitation and resettlement cost obligations relating to mines

In determining the fair value of the Restoration cost and rehabilitation and resettlement cost obligation relating to mines, assumptions and estimates are made in relation to discount rates, the expected cost to be incurred over the specified period and the expected timing of such costs. Also refer Note 19.

Useful Lives of Property, plant & equipment

The Company uses technical expertise along with historical and industry trends for determining the economic life of an certain asset/ component of an asset. The useful lives are reviewed by management yearly and revised, if appropriate. In case of a revision, the unamortised depreciable amount is charged over the remaining useful life of the assets.

Defined benefit plans

The cost of defined benefit gratuity plan and its present value of the obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, an employee benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions particularly the discount rate and estimate of future salary increase. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

In determining the appropriate discount rate for plans operated in India, the management considers the interest rates of government bonds. The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables. Those mortality tables tend to change only at interval in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases are based on expected future inflation rates.

Further details about gratuity obligations are given in Note 35.

Share-based payments

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using the Black Scholes Model, which is dependent on the terms and conditions of the grant. This estimate also requires determination of the most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the expected life of the share option, volatility and dividend yield and making assumptions about them. The assumptions and models used for estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions are disclosed in Note 36.

Impairment of non-financial assets

Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The fair value less costs of disposal calculation is based on available data from binding sales transactions, conducted at arm''s length, for similar assets or observable market prices less incremental costs for disposing of the asset. The value in use calculation is based on a Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model. The carrying amounts of the Company''s non-financial assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the recoverable amounts of cash-generating units have been determined based on value in use calculations. These calculations require the use of estimates such as discount rates and growth rates.

2.1 Summary of significant accounting policies

(a) Property, plant and equipment (PPE)

The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment shall be recognised as an asset if, and only if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Property, plant and equipment (including capital work in progress) is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major overhaul is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met. Material items such as spare parts, stand-by equipment and service equipment are classified as PPE when they meet the definition of PPE as specified in Ind AS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment.

Cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any directly attributable cost of bringing the item to its working condition for its intended use and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

The cost of a self-constructed item of property, plant and equipment comprises the cost of materials and direct labour, any other costs directly attributable to bringing the item to working condition for its intended use, and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

Freehold Land and buildings are measured at historical cost less accumulated depreciation on buildings and impairment losses, if any.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of the asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the company and the subsequent expenditure can be measured reliably.

Depreciation is calculated on the cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual values using the straightline method over their estimated useful lives, and is generally recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Depreciation is provided under straight line basis using the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows -

Class of Asset	Useful Lives estimated by the management
Freehold Land	No depreciation except on freehold mining land. Freehold mining land is depreciated over the period of respective mining agreement (42 to 44 years).
Factory Buildings	30 years
Non-Factory Buildings	5 to 60 years
Railway Sidings	15 years
Plant and equipment including continuous process plant	5 to 25 years
Power plant	40 years
Furniture & Fixtures	8 to 10 years
Computers	3 years
Office Equipment	5 years
Vehicles	10 years

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment added / disposed-off during the year is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition/disposal. The management has estimated, supported by technical assessment by experts, the useful lives of certain plant and equipment as 5 to 25 years. These lives are lower than those indicated in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

The residual values, useful lives, and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

Production stripping costs

Production stripping costs are incurred to extract the ore in the form of inventories and/or to improve access to an additional component of an ore body or deeper levels of material.

The Company recognises a stripping activity asset in the production phase if, and only if, all of the following conditions are met: it is probable that the future economic benefit (improved access to the ore body) associated with the stripping activity will flow to the Company, the Company can identify the component of the ore body for which access has been improved and the costs relating to the improved access to that component can be measured reliably.

Such costs are presented within mining assets. After initial recognition, stripping activity assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment, if any. The expected useful life of the identified component of the ore body is used to depreciate or amortise the stripping asset.

(b) Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangible assets, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalised and expenditure is reflected in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

Cost of an item of intangible assets comprises its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any directly attributable cost of preparing the asset for its intended use.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which it relates.

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortised, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

A summary of the policies applied to the Company''s intangible assets is, as follows:

Class of Intangible Asset	Useful Lives estimated by the management	Amortisation method used
Specialized Software	3 years	Amortised on a straight-line basis over the period of agreement
Mining Rights	10 to 50 years	Amortised on a straight-line basis over the period of licence / agreement (reflective of usages pattern)

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the assets is derecognised.

(c) Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current / non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

• Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle;

• Held primarily for the purpose of trading;

• Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

• Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

• It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle;

• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading;

• It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period; or

• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

(d) Leases

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Company as a lessee

The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.

Right-of-use assets

The Company recognises right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets.

If ownership of the leased asset transfers to the Company at the end of the lease term or the cost reflects the exercise of a purchase option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset.

The right-of-use assets are also subject to impairment. Refer to the accounting policies in section (f) Impairment of non-financial assets. Lease Liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees.

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset (refer Note 18 and Note 21).

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases of machinery and equipment (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases of offices, godowns, equipment, etc. that are of low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognised as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Company as a lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income arising is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognised as revenue in the period in which they are earned.

(e) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consists of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.

(f) Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the Company''s cash-generating units to which the individual assets are allocated. Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

For assets, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the assets or CGU''s recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually at the CGU level, as appropriate, and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

(g) Government grants and subsidies

Grants and subsidies from the government are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that (i) the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them, and (ii) the grant/subsidy will be received.

When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is deducted while calculating carrying amount of the asset. The grant is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the life of the depreciable asset as a reduced depreciation expense.

When the Company receives grants of non-monetary assets, the asset and the grant are recorded at fair value amounts and released to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the expected useful life in a pattern of consumption of the benefit of the underlying asset i.e. by equal annual instalments. When loans or similar assistance are provided by governments or related institutions, with an interest rate below the current applicable market rate, the effect of this favourable interest is regarded as a government grant. The loan or assistance is initially recognised and measured at fair value and the government grant is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan and the proceeds received. The loan is subsequently measured as per the accounting policy applicable to financial liabilities in respect of loans / assistances received subsequent to the date of transition.

(h) Inventories

Raw materials, fuels, stores and spares and packing materials are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. However, these items are considered to be realisable at cost, if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on weighted average basis which includes expenditure incurred for acquiring inventories like purchase price, import duties, taxes (net of tax credit) and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

Work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of such inventories is computed on annual weighted average basis.

Saleable scrap, whose cost is not identifiable, is valued at net realisable value.

Net realisable value (NRV) is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale. The comparison of cost and is made on item by item basis.

(i) Revenue from contract with customer

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company has generally concluded that it is the principal in its revenue arrangements, because it typically controls the goods or services before transferring them to the customer.

Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the goods is transferred to the customer and is measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable. The normal credit term is 0 to 90 days upon delivery. The revenue is measured based on the consideration defined in the contract with a customer, including variable consideration, such as discounts, volume rebates, or other contractual reductions. As the period between the date on which the Company transfers the promised goods to the customer and the date on which the customer pays for these goods is generally one year or less, no financing components are considered.

The Company considers whether there are other promises in the contract that are separate performance obligations to which a portion of the transaction price needs to be allocated.

The Company provides volume rebates to certain customers once the quantity of products purchased during the period exceeds a threshold specified in the contract. Generally, rebates are offset against amounts payable by the customer. It is estimated at contract inception considering the terms of various schemes with customers and constrained until it is highly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. It is reassessed at end of each reporting period.

(j) Foreign currency transactions and balances

The Ind AS financial statements are presented in INR, which is the Company''s functional currency. Foreign currency transactions are initially recorded at functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition.

Foreign currency monetary items are translated using the functional currency spot rates prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.

(k) Retirement and other employee benefits Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid under short-term cash bonus, if the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably

Defined contribution plans

Retirement benefit in the form of Provident Fund, Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) and Superannuation Schemes are defined contribution schemes. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the respective funds. The Company recognises contribution payable to the scheme as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognised as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognised as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

Defined benefit plans

Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of actuarial valuation done on projected unit credit method at the balance sheet date.

Re-measurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through Other Comprehensive Income in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to Statement Profit and Loss in subsequent periods.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service (''past service cost'' or ''past service gain'') or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognised immediately in profit or loss. The Company recognises gains and losses on the settlement of a defined plan when the settlement occurs.

Other long-term employee benefits

The Company treats accumulated leaves expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the end of each financial year. The Company presents the leave as current liability in the balance sheet, to the extent it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement beyond 12 months after the reporting date. Where the Company has unconditional legal and contractual right to defer the settlement for the period beyond 12 months, the same is presented as noncurrent liability. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the Statement of Profit and Loss and are not deferred.

(l) Taxes Income Tax

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to or recovered from the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognised outside Statement of Profit and Loss is recognised outside Statement of Profit and Loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Current tax assets and liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts, and it is intended to realise the asset and settle the liability on a net basis or simultaneously.

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date. Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside Statement of Profit and Loss is recognised outside Statement of Profit and Loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity).

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

A deferred tax asset is recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized except:

a) When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and

b) In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Temporary differences in relation to a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for a specific lease are regarded as a net package (the lease) for the purpose of recognising deferred tax.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as current tax for the year. The Company recognises MAT credit available as deferred tax asset only when there is convincing evidence that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of MAT credit to be utilised during the specified period, i.e., the period for which such credit is allowed to be utilised. In the year in which the Company recognises MAT credit as an asset, it is created by way of credit to the Statement of Profit and Loss and shown as part of deferred tax asset. The Company reviews the “MAT credit entitlement" asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent that it is no longer probable that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

The Company is entitled to tax holiday under the Income Tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. No deferred tax (asset or liability) is recognised in respect of temporary differences which reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the concerned entity''s gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday period. Deferred tax in respect of temporary differences which reverse after the tax holiday period is recognised in the year in which the temporary difference originate.

(m) Segment reporting Identification of segments

An operating segment is a component of the Company that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the company''s Managing Director & CEO to make decisions for which discrete financial information is available. Based on the management approach as defined in Ind AS 108, the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM") evaluates the Company''s performance and allocates resources based on an analysis of various performance indicators by business segments and geographic segments. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which the customers of the Company are located.

(n) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding

during the period is adjusted for events such as bonus issue, bonus element in a rights issue, share split, and reverse share split (consolidation of shares) that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(o) Provisions

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

(p) Contingent liabilities and Contingent Assets

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or nonoccurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements. It is reviewed at each balance sheet date.

Contingent assets are not recognised in financial statements since this may result in the recognition of income that may never be realised. However, when the realisation of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is not a contingent asset and is recognised. A contingent asset is disclosed, in financial statements, where an inflow of economic benefits is probable. It is reviewed at each balance sheet date.

(q) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value and are also used for the purpose of Statement of Cash Flows, as these are considered an integral part of the Company''s cash management.

(r) Employee stock options

Certain employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model. The cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in reserves, over the period in which the performance and/ or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense.

Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value.

When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognised is the expense had the terms had not been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An additional expense is recognised for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediately through profit or loss.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

(s) Financial instruments

i. Recognition and initial measurement

Trade receivables and debt securities issued are initially recognised when they are originated. All other financial assets and liabilities are recognised are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

A Financial asset and liability are initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue.

ii. Financial assets - classification and subsequent measurement:

• Financial assets at amortised cost

Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

• Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

• Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income on initial recognition. The transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are immediately recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

iii. Financial liabilities - classification and subsequent measurement:

Financial liabilities are classified as either financial liabilities at FVTPL or other financial liabilities.

• Financial liabilities at FVTPL

Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is held for trading or are designated upon initial recognition as FVTPL. Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

• Other financial liabilities

Other financial liabilities (including borrowings and trade and other payables) are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

iv. De-recognition of financial instruments

• Financial asset

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the right to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters transaction whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet but retains either all or substantially all the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.

• Financial liability

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled or the same expires.

The Company also derecognise a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

v. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in the Balance Sheet when, and only when, the Company has a legally enforceable right to set off the amount and intends to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

vi. Fair value of financial instruments

In determining the fair value of its financial instruments, the Company uses following hierarchy and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each reporting date.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

Level 1: Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the financial statements cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the discounted cash flow model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgements is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk volatility and discount rates. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.

vii. Impairment

• Financial assets (other than at fair value)

The Company assesses at each date of balance sheet whether a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. Ind AS 109 requires expected credit losses (''ECL'') to be measured through a loss allowance. The Company recognises lifetime expected losses for trade receivables and contract assets that do not constitute a financing transaction. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month expected credit losses or at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses if the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition. The Company write-offs the receivables only on completion of the legal proceedings or if it is certain that the balance will not be recoverable.

(t) Statement of Cash Flows

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby the net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

(u) Mines Restoration Provision

An obligation for restoration, rehabilitation and environmental costs arises when environmental disturbance is caused by the development or ongoing extraction from mines. Costs arising from restoration at closure of the mines and other site preparation work are provided for based on their discounted net present value, with a corresponding amount being capitalised at the start of each project. The amount provided for is recognised, as soon as the obligation to incur such costs arises. These costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the life of the operation through the depreciation of the asset and the unwinding of the discount on the provision. The costs are reviewed periodically and are adjusted to reflect known developments which may have an impact on the cost or life of operations. The cost of the related asset is adjusted for changes in the provision due to factors such as updated cost estimates, new disturbance and revisions to discount rates. The adjusted cost of the asset is depreciated prospectively over the lives of the assets to which they relate. The unwinding of the discount is shown as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(v) Share Capital

Equity shares:

Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of equity shares are recognised as a deduction from equity. Income tax relating to transaction costs of an equity transaction is accounted for in accordance with Ind AS 12.

(w) Other income

Interest income is recognised using the time proportion method, based on the underlying interest rates.

2.2 Standards issued but not effective

Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA") notifies new standard or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. On March 31, 2023, MCA amended the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 by issuing the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2023, applicable from April 1, 2023, as below:

(a) . Ind AS 1 - Presentation of Financial Statements

The amendments require companies to disclose their material accounting policies rather than their significant accounting policies. Accounting policy information, together with other information, is material when it can reasonably be expected to influence decisions of primary users of general purpose financial statements. The Company does not expect this amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.

(b) . Ind AS 12 - Income Taxes

The amendments clarify how companies account for deferred tax on transactions such as leases and decommissioning obligations. The amendments narrowed the scope of the recognition exemption in paragraphs 15 and 24 of Ind AS 12 (recognition exemption) so that it no longer applies to transactions that, on initial recognition, give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences. The Company is evaluating the impact, if any, in its financial statements.

(c) . Ind AS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors

The amendments will help entities to distinguish between accounting policies and accounting estimates. The definition of a change in accounting estimates has been replaced with a definition of accounting estimates. Under the new definition, accounting estimates are “monetary amounts in financial statements that are subject to measurement uncertainty". Entities develop accounting estimates if accounting policies require items in financial statements to be measured in a way that involves measurement uncertainty. The Company does not expect this amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.

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Mar 31, 2022

1. Corporate information

Orient Cement Limited ("the Company") having CIN: L26940OR2011PLC013933 is a public company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Its shares are listed on National and Bombay Stock exchanges in India. The cement undertaking of Orient Paper & Industries Limited (OPIL) had been transferred to the Company on a going concern basis w.e.f. 1st April 2012, pursuant to the scheme of arrangement approved by the Hon''ble Orissa High Court.

The Company is primarily engaged in the manufacture and sale of Cement and its manufacturing facilities at present are located at Devapur in Telangana, Chittapur in Karnataka and Jalgaon in Maharashtra.

These Ind AS financial statements were authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the board of directors on May 11,2022.

2. Basis of preparation

A . Statement of Compliance

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards ("Ind AS") notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, (Ind AS compliant Schedule III), as applicable to the financial statements.

B. Functional and Presentation currency

The Ind AS financial statements are presented in Indian Rupees (INR), which is also the Company''s functional currency. All amounts have been rounded-off to the nearest lacs (INR 00,000), except when otherwise indicated.

C. Basis of measurement

These Ind AS financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value and net defined benefit (asset)/li ability as per actuarial valuation (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments).

D. Use of estimates and judgements

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

Taxes

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses including unabsorbed depreciation can be utilised. Significant management estimate and assumptions is required to determine the amount deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and the level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies. Further, details on taxes are disclosed in Note 20.

Provision for Restoration cost and Rehabilitation and resettlement cost obligations relating to mines

In determining the fair value of the Restoration cost and Rehabilitation and resettlement cost obligation relating to mines, assumptions and estimates are made in relation to discount rates, the expected cost to be incurred over the specified period and the expected timing of such costs. Also refer Note 19.

Useful Lives of Property, Plant & Equipment

The Company uses technical expertise along with historical and industry trends for determining the economic life of an certain asset/component of an asset. The useful lives are reviewed by management yearly and revised, if appropriate. In case of a revision, the unamortised depreciable amount is charged over the remaining useful life of the assets.

Defined benefit plans

The cost of defined benefit gratuity plan and its present value of the obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, an employee benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions particularly the discount rate and estimate of future salary increase. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate for plans operated in India, the management considers the interest rates of government bonds. The mortality rate is based on publicly available mortality tables. Those mortality tables tend to change only at interval in response to demographic changes. Future salary increases are based on expected future inflation rates.

Further details about gratuity obligations are given in Note 35.

Share-based payments

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using the most appropriate valuation model, which is dependent on the terms and conditions of the grant. This estimate also requires determination of the most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the expected life of the share option, volatility and dividend yield and making assumptions about them. The assumptions and models used for estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions are disclosed in Note 36.

Impairment of non-financial assets

Impairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The fair value less costs of disposal calculation is based on available data from binding sales transactions, conducted at arm''s length, for similar assets or observable market prices less incremental costs for disposing off the asset. The value in use calculation is based on a DCF model. The carrying amounts of the Company''s non-financial assets are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the recoverable amounts of cash-generating units have been determined based on value in use calculations. These calculations require the use of estimates such as discount rates and growth rates.

2.1 Summary of significant accounting policies

(a) Property, plant and equipment (PPE)

Property, plant and equipment (including capital work in progress) is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of property, plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major overhaul is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met. Material items such as spare parts, stand-by equipment and service equipment are classified as PPE when they meet the definition of PPE as specified in Ind AS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment.

Cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any directly attributable cost of bringing the item to its working condition for its intended use and estimated costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

Land and buildings are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation on buildings and impairment losses, if any.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of the asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the company and the subsequent expenditure can be measured reliably.

Depreciation is provided under straight line basis using the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows -

Class of Asset	Useful Lives estimated by the management
Freehold Land	No depreciation except on freehold mining land. Freehold mining land is depreciation over the period of respective mining agreement (42-44 years).
Factory Buildings	30 years
Non-Factory Buildings	5 to 60 years
Railway Sidings	15 years
Plant and equipment including continuous process plant	5 to 25 years
Power plant	40 years
Furniture & Fixtures	8 to 10 years
Computers	3 years
Office Equipment	5 years
Vehicles	8 to 10 years

Depreciation on property, plant and equipment added / disposed-off during the year is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition/disposal. The management has estimated, supported by technical assessment by experts, the useful lives of certain plant and equipment as 5 to 25 years. These lives are lower than those indicated in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

The residual values, useful lives, and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

Production stripping costs

Production stripping costs are incurred to extract the ore in the form of inventories and/or to improve access to an additional component of an ore body or deeper levels of material.

The Company recognises a stripping activity asset in the production phase if, and only if, all of the following are met: it is probable that the future economic benefit (improved access to the ore body) associated with the stripping activity will flow to the Company, the Company can identify the component of the ore body for which access has been improved and the costs relating to the improved access to that component can be measured reliably.

Such costs are presented within mining assets. After initial recognition, stripping activity assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment. The expected useful life of the identified component of the ore body is used to depreciate or amortise the stripping asset.

(b) Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangible assets, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and expenditure is reflected in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

Cost of an item of intangible assets comprises its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates, any directly attributable cost of preparing the asset for its intended use.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which it relates.

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortised, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

A summary of the policies applied to the Company''s intangible assets is, as follows:

Class of Intangible Asset	Useful Lives estimated by the management	Amortisation method used
Specialized Software	3 years	Amortised on a straight-line basis over the period of Agreement
Mining Rights	10 to 50 years	Amortised on a straight-line basis over the period of Licence / Agreement (reflective of usages pattern)

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the assets is derecognised.

(c) Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current / non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

• Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

• Held primarily for the purpose of trading

• Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

• Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

• It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

• It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

• It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

• There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

(d) Leases

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Company as a lessee

The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Company recognises lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.

Right-of-use assets

The Company recognises right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets.

If ownership of the leased asset transfers to the Company at the end of the lease term or the cost reflects the exercise of a purchase option, depreciation is calculated using the estimated useful life of the asset.

The right-of-use assets are also subject to impairment. Refer to the accounting policies in section (f) Impairment of nonfinancial assets.

Lease Liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees.

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset (refer Note 18 and Note 21).

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases of machinery and equipment (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases of offices, godowns, equipment, etc. that are of low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognised as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Company as a lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Rental income arising is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term on the same basis as rental income. Contingent rents are recognised as revenue in the period in which they are earned.

(e) Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consists of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds.

(f) Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the Company''s cash-generating units to which the individual assets are allocated. Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

For assets, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or CGU''s recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually at the CGU level, as appropriate, and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

(g) Government grants and subsidies

Grants and subsidies from the government are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that (i) the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them, and (ii) the grant/subsidy will be received.

When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is deducted while calculating carrying amount of the asset. The grant is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the life of the depreciable asset as a reduced depreciation expense.

When the Company receives grants of non-monetary assets, the asset and the grant are recorded at fair value amounts and released to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the expected useful life in a pattern of consumption of the benefit of the underlying asset i.e. by equal annual instalments. When loans or similar assistance are provided by governments or related institutions, with an interest rate below the current applicable market rate, the effect of this favourable interest is regarded as a government grant. The loan or assistance is initially recognised and measured at fair value and the government grant is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan and the proceeds received. The loan is subsequently measured as per the accounting policy applicable to financial liabilities in respect of loans / assistances received subsequent to the date of transition.

(h) Inventories

Raw materials, fuels, stores and spares and packing materials are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. However, these items are considered to be realisable at cost, if the finished products, in which they will be used, are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on weighted average basis which includes expenditure incurred for acquiring inventories like purchase price, import duties, taxes (net of tax credit) and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

Work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of such inventories is computed on annual weighted average basis.

Saleable scrap, whose cost is not identifiable, is valued at net realisable value.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(i) Revenue recognition

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company has generally concluded that it is the principal in its revenue arrangements, because it typically controls the goods or services before transferring them to the customer.

Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised at the point in time when control of the goods is transferred to the customer and is measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable. The normal credit term is 0 to 90 days upon delivery. The revenue is measured based on the consideration defined in the contract with a customer, including variable consideration, such as discounts, volume rebates, or other contractual reductions. As the period between the date on which the Company transfers the promised goods to the customer and the date on which the customer pays for these goods is generally one year or less, no financing components are considered.

The Company considers whether there are other promises in the contract that are separate performance obligations to which a portion of the transaction price needs to be allocated.

The Company provides volume rebates to certain customers once the quantity of products purchased during the period exceeds a threshold specified in the contract. Generally, rebates are offset against amounts payable by the customer. It is estimated at contract inception considering the terms of various schemes with customers and constrained until it is highly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. It is reassessed at end of each reporting period.

(j) Foreign currency transactions and balances

The Ind AS financial statements are presented in INR, which is the Company''s functional currency. Foreign currency transactions are initially recorded at functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition.

Foreign currency monetary items are translated using the functional currency spot rates prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.

(k) Retirement and other employee benefits Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided.

Defined contribution plans

Retirement benefit in the form of Provident Fund, Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) and Superannuation Schemes are defined contribution schemes. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the respective funds. The Company recognises contribution payable to the scheme as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognised as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognised as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

Defined benefit plans

Gratuity liability is a defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of actuarial valuation done on projected unit credit method at the balance sheet date.

Re-measurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through Other Comprehensive Income in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to Statement Profit and Loss in subsequent periods.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service (''past service cost'' or ''past service gain'') or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognised immediately in profit or loss. The Company recognises gains and losses on the settlement of a defined plan when the settlement occurs.

Other long-term employee benefits

The Company treats accumulated leaves expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the end of each financial year. The Company presents the leave as current liability in the balance sheet, to the extent it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement beyond 12 months after the reporting date. Where the Company has unconditional legal and contractual right to defer the settlement for the period beyond 12 months, the same is presented as non-current liability. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the Statement of Profit and Loss and are not deferred.

(l) Taxes

Income Tax

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to or recovered from the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognised outside Statement of Profit and Loss is recognised outside Statement of Profit and Loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date. Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside Statement of Profit and Loss is recognised outside Statement of Profit and Loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity).

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

A deferred tax asset is recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized except:

a) When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and

b) In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss as current tax for the year. The Company recognises MAT credit available as deferred tax asset only when there is convincing evidence that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of MAT credit to be utilised during the specified period, i.e., the period for which such credit is allowed to be utilised. In the year in which the Company recognises MAT credit as an asset, it is created

by way of credit to the Statement of Profit and Loss and shown as part of deferred tax asset. The Company reviews the "MAT credit entitlement" asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent that it is no longer probable that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

The Company is entitled to tax holiday under the Income Tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. No deferred tax (asset or liability) is recognised in respect of temporary differences which reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the concerned entity''s gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday period. Deferred tax in respect of temporary differences which reverse after the tax holiday period is recognised in the year in which the temporary difference originate.

(m) Segment reporting Identification of segments

An operating segment is a component of the Company that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the company''s Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") to make decisions for which discrete financial information is available. The Company''s operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. Based on the management approach as defined in Ind AS 108, the CODM evaluates the Company''s performance and allocates resources based on an analysis of various performance indicators by business segments and geographic segments. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which the customers of the Company are located.

(n) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for events such as bonus issue, bonus element in a rights issue, share split, and reverse share split (consolidation of shares) that have changed the number of equity shares outstanding, without a corresponding change in resources.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(o) Provisions

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

(p) Contingent liabilities and Contingent Assets

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

Contingent assets are not recognised in financial statements since this may result in the recognition of income that may never be realised. However, when the realisation of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is not a contingent asset and is recognised. A contingent asset is disclosed, in financial statements, where an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

(q) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value and are also used for the purpose of Statement of Cash Flows, as these are considered an integral part of the Company''s cash management.

(r) Employee stock options

Certain employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model. The cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in reserves, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense.

Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value.

When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognised is the expense had the terms had not been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An additional expense is recognised for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediately through profit or loss.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

(s) Financial instruments

i. Recognition and initial measurement

Trade receivables and debt securities issued are initially recognised when they are originated. All other financial assets and liabilities are recognised are initially recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

A Financial asset and liability are initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue.

ii. Financial assets - Classification and subsequent measurement:

• Financial assets at amortised cost

Financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is to hold these assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

• Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income

Financial assets are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if these financial assets are held within a business whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

• Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets are measured at fair value through profit or loss unless it is measured at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income on initial recognition. The transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are immediately recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

iii. Financial liabilities - Classification and subsequent measurement:

Financial liabilities are classified as either financial liabilities at FVTPL or ''other financial liabilities.

• Financial liabilities at FVTPL

Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is held for trading or are designated upon initial recognition as FVTPL. Gains or Losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

• Other financial liabilities

Other financial liabilities (including borrowings and trade and other payables) are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

iv. De-recognition of financial instruments

• Financial asset

The Company derecognises a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the right to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and does not retain control of the financial asset.

If the Company enters transaction whereby it transfers assets recognised on its balance sheet but retains either all or substantially all the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognised.

• Financial liability

The Company derecognises a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled or the same expires.

The Company also derecognise a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows under the modified terms are substantially different. In this case, a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognised at fair value. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability extinguished and the new financial liability with modified terms is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

v. Offsetting

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in the Balance Sheet when, and only when, the Company has a legally enforceable right to set off the amount and intends to settle them on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

vi. Fair value of financial instruments

In determining the fair value of its financial instruments, the Company uses following hierarchy and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each reporting date.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

Level 1: Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3: Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the financial statements cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the discounted cash flow model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgements is required in establishing fair values. Judgements include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk volatility and discount rates. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.

vii. Impairment

• Financial assets (other than at fair value)

The Company assesses at each date of balance sheet whether a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. Ind AS 109 requires expected credit losses (''ECL'') to be measured through a loss allowance. The Company recognises lifetime expected losses for trade receivables and contract assets that do not constitute a financing transaction. For all other financial assets, expected credit losses are measured at an amount equal to the 12-month expected credit losses or at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses if the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition. The Company write-off''s the receivables only on completion of the legal proceedings or if it is certain that the balance will not be recoverable.

(t) Statement of Cash Flows

Cash flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby the net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

(u) Mines Restoration Provision

An obligation for restoration, rehabilitation and environmental costs arises when environmental disturbance is caused by the development or ongoing extraction from mines. Costs arising from restoration at closure of the mines and other site preparation work are provided for based on their discounted net present value, with a corresponding amount being capitalised at the start of each project. The amount provided for is recognised, as soon as the obligation to incur such costs

arises. These costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the life of the operation through the depreciation of the asset and the unwinding of the discount on the provision. The costs are reviewed periodically and are adjusted to reflect known developments which may have an impact on the cost or life of operations. The cost of the related asset is adjusted for changes in the provision due to factors such as updated cost estimates, new disturbance and revisions to discount rates. The adjusted cost of the asset is depreciated prospectively over the lives of the assets to which they relate. The unwinding of the discount is shown as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

2.2 Standards issued but not effective

Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notifies new standard or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. On March 23, 2022, MCA amended the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2022, applicable from April 1st, 2022, as below:

Ind AS 16 - Proceeds before intended use

The amendments mainly prohibit an entity from deducting from the cost of property, plant and equipment amounts received from selling items produced while the company is preparing the asset for its intended use. Instead, an entity will recognise such sales proceeds and related cost in profit or loss. The Company does not expect the amendments to have any impact in its recognition of its property, plant and equipment in its financial statements.

Ind AS 37 - Onerous Contracts - Costs of Fulfilling a Contract

The amendments specify that that the ''cost of fulfilling'' a contract comprises the ''costs that relate directly to the contract''. Costs that relate directly to a contract can either be incremental costs of fulfilling that contract (examples would be direct labour, materials) or an allocation of other costs that relate directly to fulfilling contracts. The amendment is essentially a clarification, and the Company does not expect the amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.

Ind AS 109 - Annual Improvements to Ind AS (2021)

The amendment clarifies which fees an entity includes when it applies the ''10 percent'' test of Ind AS 109 in assessing whether to derecognise a financial liability. The Company does not expect the amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.

Ind AS 106 - Annual Improvements to Ind AS (2021)

The amendments remove the illustration of the reimbursement of leasehold improvements by the lessor in order to resolve any potential confusion regarding the treatment of lease incentives that might arise because of how lease incentives were described in that illustration. The Company does not expect the amendment to have any significant impact in its financial statements.

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Mar 31, 2018

1.1 Summary of significant accounting policies

(a) Property, plant and equipment

Capital work in progress, plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.

Land and buildings are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation on buildings and impairment losses, if any.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of the asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

Depreciation is provided under straight line basis using the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows -

Depreciation on fixed assets added / disposed-off during the year is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition/disposal. The management has estimated, supported by technical assessment by experts, the useful lives of certain plant and equipment as 5 to 20 years. These lives are lower than those indicated in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

b) Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangible assets, excluding capitalised development costs, are not capitalised and expenditure is reflected in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortised, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

A summary of the policies applied to the Company’s intangible assets is, as follows:

(c) Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current / non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

- Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle

- Held primarily for the purpose of trading

- Expected to be realised within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets are classified as non-current.

A liability is current when:

- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle

- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading

- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period

The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

(d) Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease.

Where the Company is lessee

A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease. Finance leases are capitalised at the commencement of the lease at the inception date fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. A leased asset is depreciated over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term.

Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Where the Company is the lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Assets subject to operating leases are included in property, plant and equipment. Lease income on an operating lease is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation, are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Company’s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.

(e) Borrowing costs

Borrowing cost includes interest, amortisation of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the borrowings and exchange differences to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the year they occur.

(f) Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or cash-generating unit’s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the Company’s cash-generating units to which the individual assets are allocated. Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

For assets, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset’s or CGU’s recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually at the CGU level, as appropriate, and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

(g) Government grants

Grants and subsidies from the government are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that (i) the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them, and (ii) the grant/subsidy will be received.

When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset.

When the Company receives grants of non-monetary assets, the asset and the grant are recorded at fair value amounts and released to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the expected useful life in a pattern of consumption of the benefit of the underlying asset i.e. by equal annual instalments. When loans or similar assistance are provided by governments or related institutions, with an interest rate below the current applicable market rate, the effect of this favourable interest is regarded as a government grant. The loan or assistance is initially recognised and measured at fair value and the government grant is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan and the proceeds received. The loan is subsequently measured as per the accounting policy applicable to financial liabilities in respect of loans / assistances received subsequent to the date of transition.

(h.) Inventories

Raw materials and stores and spares are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost of raw materials and stores and spares is determined on moving weighted average method.

Work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty and is determined on annual weighted average basis.

Saleable scrap, whose cost is not identifiable, is valued at net realisable value.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(i) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. The Company has concluded that it is the “principal” in all of its revenue arrangements since it is the primary obligor in all the revenue arrangements as it has pricing latitude and is also exposed to inventory and credit risks.

Based on the Educational Material on Ind AS 18 issued by the ICAI, the Company considers that recovery of excise duty flows to the Company on its own account. This is for the reason that it is a liability of the manufacturer which forms part of the cost of production, irrespective of whether the goods are sold or not. Since the recovery of excise duty flows to the Company on its own account, revenue includes excise duty. However, Sales tax/ Value Added tax (VAT) / Goods and Service tax (GST) is not received by the Company on its own account. It is collected on behalf of the government and accordingly, it is excluded from revenue.

The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognised:

Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognised when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of the goods. Revenue from the sale of goods is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, trade discounts and volume rebates.

Sale of power

Revenue from sale of power is recognised when delivered and is measured based on rates as per bilateral contractual agreements with buyers / at rate arrived at based on the principles laid down under the relevant tariff regulations as notified by the regulatory bodies, as applicable.

(j) Foreign currency transactions and balances

The financial statements are presented in INR, which is the Company’s functional currency. Foreign currency transactions are initially recorded at functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition.

Foreign currency monetary items are translated using the functional currency spot rates prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.

(k) Retirement and other employee benefits

Retirement benefit in the form of Provident Fund and Superannuation Schemes are defined contribution schemes. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the respective funds. The Company recognises contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognised as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognised as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

Gratuity liability is funded defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of actuarial valuation done on projected unit credit method at the balance sheet date.

Re-measurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through Other Comprehensive Income in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.

The Company treats accumulated leaves expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the end of each financial year. The Company presents the leave as current liability in the balance sheet, to the extent it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement beyond 12 months after the reporting date. Where the Company has unconditional legal and contractual right to defer the settlement for the period beyond 12 months, the same is presented as non-current liability. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the Statement of Profit and Loss and are not deferred.

(l) Income taxes

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to or recovered from the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognised outside Statement of Profit and Loss is recognised outside Statement of Profit and Loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside Statement of Profit and Loss is recognised outside Statement of Profit and Loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity).

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognises MAT credit available as deferred tax asset only to the extent it is probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of MAT credit to be utilised during the specified period, i.e., the period for which such credit is allowed to be utilised.

(m) Segment reporting

Identification of segments

The Company’s operating businesses are organised and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which the customers of the Company are located.

Allocation of common costs

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment on a case to case basis applying the ratio, appropriate to each relevant case. Revenue and expenses, which relate to the enterprise as a whole and are not allocable to segment on a reasonable basis, are included under the head “Unallocated”.

Unallocated items

Unallocated items include general corporate income and expense items which are not allocated to any business segment.

Segment accounting policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

(n) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(o) Provisions

A provision is recognised when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

(p) Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

(q) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

(r) Employee stock options

Certain employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model. The cost is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in reserves, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense.

Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Company’s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value.

When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognised is the expense had the terms had not been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An additional expense is recognised for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediately through profit or loss.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

(s) Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial assets

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.

Subsequent measurement

Subsequent measurement of financial assets is described below -Debt instruments at amortised cost

A ‘debt instrument’ is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method.

Equity investments

All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income, subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to the Statement of Profit and Loss, even on sale of investment.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Derecognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company’s balance sheet) when:

- The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

- The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through’ arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

Impairment of financial assets

Financial assets, other than those at FVTPL, are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of each reporting period. The Company recognises a loss allowance for expected credit losses on financial asset. In case of trade receivables, the Company follows the simplified approach permitted by Ind AS 109 - Financial Instruments for recognition of impairment loss allowance.

Financial liabilities

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

Subsequent measurement

Loans and borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognised.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

a. Includes RS.859.40 lacs (31st March, 2017: RS.1,027.68 lacs) the mutation whereof in the Company’s name is pending.

b. Includes H Nil (31st March, 2017: RS.410.03 lacs) which are still in the name of demerged company and yet to be transferred in the Company’s name.

c. For charge created on Property, plant and equipment of the Company towards borrowings, refer Note 15.

d. For Property, plant and equipment existing on 1st April, 2015 i.e its date of transition to Ind AS, the Company has used previous GAAP carrying values as deemed cost. Subsequent measurement is at cost.

a. For Intangible assets existing on 1st April, 2015 i.e its date of transition to Ind AS, the Company has used previous GAAP carrying values as deemed cost. Subsequent measurement is at cost.

a. Trade receivables are non-interest bearing and are generally on terms of 0 to 90 days.

b. Trade receivables are pledged against the borrowings of the Company as referred in Note 15.

c. For ageing analysis of trade receivables, refer Note 41.

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Mar 31, 2017

U CORPORATE INFORMATION

Orient Cement Limited ("the Company") is a public company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Its shares are listed on National and Bombay Stock exchanges in India. The cement undertaking of Orient Paper & Industries Limited (OPIL) had been transferred to the Company on a going concern basis w.e.f. 1st April, 2012, pursuant to the scheme of arrangement approved by the Hon''ble Orissa High Court.

The Company is primarily engaged in the manufacture and sale of Cement and its manufacturing facilities at present are located at Devapur in Telangana, Chittapur in Karnataka and Jalgaon in Maharashtra. The Company''s new green field integrated cement plant at Chittapur in Karnataka had commenced commercial production w.e.f. 26th September 2015 in the previous year.

| BASIS OF PREPARATION

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards ("Ind AS”) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015.

For all periods up to and including the year ended 51 March 2016, the Company prepared its financial statements in accordance with accounting standards notified under the section 155 of the Companies Act 2015, read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014 ("Indian GAAP”). These financial statements for the year ended 51 March 2017 are the first financial statements, the Company has prepared in accordance with Ind AS.

2.1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (a) Property, plant and equipment

The Company regards the Previous GAAP carrying value for all of its property, plant and equipment as deemed cost at the transition date, viz., 1 April 2015.

Capital work in progress, plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Such cost includes the cost of replacing part of the plant and equipment and borrowing costs for long-term construction projects if the recognition criteria are met. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss as incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.

Land and buildings are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation on buildings and impairment losses, if any.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of the asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognized.

Depreciation on fixed assets added / disposed-off during the year is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition/disposal. The management has estimated, supported by technical assessment by experts, the useful lives of certain plant and equipment as 10 to 20 years. These lives are lower than those indicated in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

(b) Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangible assets, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and expenditure is reflected in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(c) Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

A lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease.

Where the Company is lessee

A lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as a finance lease. Finance leases are capitalized at the commencement of the lease at the inception date fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. A leased asset is depreciated over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Company will obtain ownership by the end of the [ease term, the asset is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the [ease term.

Operating [ease payments are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the [ease term.

Where the Company is the less or

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially a[[ the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income on an operating lease is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation, are recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Leases are classified as finance leases when substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership transfer from the Company to the lessee. Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recorded as receivables at the Company''s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.

(d) Borrowing costs

Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the borrowings and exchange differences to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the year they occur.

(e) Impairment of non-financial assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating units (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the Company''s cash-generating units to which the individual assets are allocated. Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

For assets, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication that previously recognized impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or CGU''s recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized . The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually at the CGU level, as appropriate, and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

(f) Government grants

Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that (i) the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them, and (ii) the grant/subsidy will be received.

When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognized as income on a systematic basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, it is recognized as income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset.

When the Company receives grants of non-monetary assets, the asset and the grant are recorded at fair value amounts and released to the Statement of Profit and Loss over the expected useful life in a pattern of consumption of the benefit of the underlying asset i.e. by equal annual installments. When loans or similar assistance are provided by governments or related institutions, with an interest rate below the current applicable market rate, the effect of this favorable interest is regarded as a government grant. The loan or assistance is initially recognized and measured at fair value and the government grant is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan and the proceeds received. The loan is subsequently measured as per the accounting policy applicable to financial liabilities in respect of loans / assistances received subsequent to the date of transition.

(g) Inventories

Raw materials and stores and spares are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost of raw materials and stores and spares is determined on moving weighted average method.

Work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty and is determined on annual weighted average basis.

Saleable scrap, whose cost is not identifiable, is valued at net realizable value.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(h) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government. The Company has concluded that it is the "principal" in all of its revenue arrangements since it is the primary obligor in all the revenue arrangements as it has pricing latitude and is also exposed to inventory and credit risks.

Based on the Educational Material on Ind AS 18 issued by the ICAI, the Company considers that recovery of excise duty flows to the Company on its own account. This is for the reason that it is a liability of the manufacturer which forms part of the cost of production, irrespective of whether the goods are sold or not. Since the recovery of excise duty flows to the Company on its own account, revenue includes excise duty. However, Sales tax/ value added tax (VAT) is not received by the Company on its own account. It is collected on behalf of the government and accordingly, it is excluded from revenue.

The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized:

Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when ail the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of the goods. Revenue from the sale of goods is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, trade discounts and volume rebates.

Sale of power

Revenue from sale of power is recognized when delivered and is measured based on rates as per bilateral contractual agreements with buyers / at rate arrived at based on the principles laid down under the relevant tariff regulations as notified by the regulatory bodies, as applicable.

(i) Foreign currency transactions and balances

The financial statements are presented in INR, which is the Company''s functional currency.

Foreign currency transactions are initially recorded at functional currency spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition.

Foreign currency monetary items are translated using the functional currency spot rates prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement or translation of monetary items are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they arise.

(j) Retirement and other employee benefits

Retirement benefit in the form of Provident Fund and Superannuation Schemes are defined contribution schemes. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the respective funds. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre-payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

Gratuity liability is funded defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of actuarial valuation done on projected unit credit method at the balance sheet date.

Re-measurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognized immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through Other Comprehensive Income in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.

The Company treats accumulated leaves expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the end of each financial year. The Company presents the leave as current liability in the balance sheet, to the extent it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement beyond 12 months after the reporting date. Where the Company has unconditional legal and contractual right to defer the settlement for the period beyond 12 months, the same is presented as non-current liability. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the Statement of Profit and Loss and are not deferred.

(k) Income taxes

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to or recovered from the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognized outside Statement of Profit and Loss is recognized outside Statement of Profit and Loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred tax relating to items recognized outside Statement of Profit and Loss is recognized outside Statement of Profit and Loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity).

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit available as deferred tax asset only to the extent it is probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of MAT credit to be utilized during the specified period, i.e., the period for which such credit is allowed to be utilized.

(I) Segment reporting

Identification of segments

The Company''s operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which the customers of the Company are located.

Allocation of common costs

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment on a case to case basis applying the ratio, appropriate to each relevant case. Revenue and expenses, which relate to the enterprise as a whole and are not allocable to segment on a reasonable basis, are included under the head "Unallocated".

Unallocated items

Unallocated items include general corporate income and expense items which are not allocated to any business segment.

Segment accounting policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

(m) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(n) Provisions

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

(o) Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

(p) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

(q) Employee stock options

Certain employees of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).

The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model. The cost is recognized , together with a corresponding increase in reserves, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled in employee benefits expense.

Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value.

When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognized is the expense had the terms had not been modified, if the original terms of the award are met. An additional expense is recognized for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee as measured at the date of modification. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediately through profit or loss.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.

(r) Excise Duty & Custom Duty

Excise duty on Finished goods stock lying at the factories is accounted for at the point of manufacture of goods and accordingly, is considered for valuation of finished goods stock lying in the factories as on the Balance Sheet date. Similarly, customs duty on imported materials in transit / lying in bonded warehouse is accounted for at the time of import / bonding of materials. Excise duty is included in the revenue and is shown as expense.

(s) Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity

Financial assets

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset.

Subsequent measurement

Subsequent measurement of financial assets is described below -Debt instruments at amortized cost

A ''debt instrument'' is measured at the amortized cost if both the following conditions are met:

a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method.

Equity investments

All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income, subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to the Statement of Profit and Loss, even on sale of investment.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Derecognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognized (i.e. removed from the Company''s balance sheet) when:

- The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

- The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ''pass-through'' arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

Financial liabilities

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

Subsequent measurement

Loans and borrowings

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the liabilities are derecognized .

Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is included as finance costs in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

* earmarked for payment of unpaid dividend only Receipts/Pass Books for Rs,1,868.17 iacs (31st March 2016: Rs,75.83 iacs) are lodged with Government Departments/Banks as security.

There is no change in the number of shares in current year and corresponding previous year.

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Mar 31, 2015

Depreciation on Fixed Assets

Till the year ended 31st March 2014, Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 prescribed requirements concerning depreciation of fixed assets. From the current year, Schedule XIV has been replaced by Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. Effective from 1st April, 2014, the Company has provided depreciation on fixed assets based on useful lives as provided in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 or as re-assessed by the Company. The management believes that depreciation rates currently used fairly reflect its estimate of the useful lives and residual value of fixed assets, though these rates in certain cases are different from the rates based on the useful lives prescribed under Schedule II.

Further, on application of Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, the Company has changed the manner of providing depreciation for its fixed assets. Now, the Company identifies and determines separate useful life for each major component of the fixed asset, if they have useful life that is materially different from that of the remaining asset.

Based on transitional provision given in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013, the carrying value of assets whose useful lives are already exhausted amounting to Rs. 498.23 Lacs (net of deferred tax of Rs. 256.54 Lacs) has been charged to opening balance of retained earnings. Had there been no change in useful lives of fixed assets, the charge to the Statement of Profit & Loss would have been higher by Rs. 853.95 Lacs.

(a) Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

(b) Tangible fixed assets

Fixed Assets are stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises the purchase price inclusive of duties (net of cenvat / VAT), taxes, incidental expenses, erection / commissioning expenses etc. and borrowing costs if capitalisation criteria are met and directly attributable cost of brining the asset to its working condition for the intended use. Each part of an item of property, plant and equipment with a cost that is significant in relation to the total cost of the item is depreciated separately. This applies mainly to components for machinery. When significant parts of fixed assets are required to be replaced at intervals, the company recognizes such parts as individual assets with specific useful lives and depreciates them accordingly. Any trade discounts and rebates are deducted in arriving at the purchase price.

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance. All other expenses on an existing fixed asset, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of fixed assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with an item of fixed asset and whose use as per technical assessment is expected to be irregular, are capitalised and depreciated over the residual life of the respective assets.

(c) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets

The classification of plant and machinery into continuous and non-continuous process is done as per technical certification and depreciation thereon is provided accordingly.

Depreciation on fixed assets is provided under Straight Line basis (except for furniture, fixtures and vehicles valuing Rs. 1,608.23 lacs (31st March, 2014: Rs. 1,215.57 lacs) where Written Down Value method is followed) using the rates arrived at based on the useful lives estimated by the management. The company has used the following rates to provide depreciation on its fixed assets.

Class of Asset Useful Lives estimated by the management (years)

Factory Buildings 30 Non-Factory Buildings 5 to 60

Railway Sidings 15

Plant and equipments 5 to 40

Furnitures & Fixtures 8 to 10

Computers 3

Office Equipments 5

Vehicles 10

Depreciation on fixed assets added / disposed off during the year is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition/disposal.

The management has estimated, supported by independent assessment by professionals, the useful lives of certain plant and equipment as 10 to 20 years. These lives are lower than those indicated in schedule II.

(d) Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangible assets, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and expenditure is reflected in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated useful economic life of the asset. The Company uses a rebuttable presumption that the useful life of an intangible asset will not exceed ten years from the date when the asset is available for use. If the persuasive evidence exists to the effect that useful life of an intangible asset exceeds ten years, the Company amortizes the intangible asset over the best estimate of its useful life. Such intangible assets and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. All other intangible assets are assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired.

The amortization period and the amortization method are reviewed at least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the amortization period is changed accordingly. If there has been a significant change in the expected pattern of economic benefits from the asset, the amortization method is changed to reflect the changed pattern. Such changes are accounted for in accordance with AS 5 Net Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in Accounting Policies.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

Intangible assets being Specialized Software and Mining Rights are amortised on a straight line basis over a period of 3 years and 10 years respectively.

(e) Leases

Operating Lease:

Where the Company is lessee

Leases, where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight- line basis over the lease term.

Where the Company is the lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the asset are classified as operating leases. Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income on an operating lease is recognized in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation, are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognized immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

(f) Borrowing costs

Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur.

(g) Impairment of tangible and intangible assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (CGU) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the Company''s cash-generating units to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations are generally covering a period of five years. For longer periods, a long term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or cash-generating unit''s recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

(h) Government grants and subsidies

Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that (i) the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them, and (ii) the grant/subsidy will be received.

When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognized as income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, its value is deducted in arriving at the carrying amount of the related asset.

Where the Company receives non-monetary grants, the asset is accounted for on the basis of its acquisition cost. In case a non-monetary asset is given free of cost, it is recognized at a nominal value.

Government grants of the nature of promoters'' contribution are credited to capital reserve and treated as a part of the shareholders'' funds.

(i) Investments

Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments.

On initial recognition, all investments are measured at cost. The cost comprises purchase price and directly attributable acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties.

Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.

On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the statement of profit and loss.

(j) Inventories

Raw materials and stores and spares are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost of raw materials and stores and spares is determined on annual weighted average method.

Work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and labor and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty and is determined on annual weighted average basis.

Saleable scrap, whose cost is not identifiable, is valued at net realisable value.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(k) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized:

Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of the goods. The Company collects sales taxes and value added taxes (VAT) on behalf of the government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the Company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue. Excise duty deducted from revenue (gross) is the amount that is included in the revenue (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arising during the year.

Interest

Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head "other income" in the statement of profit and loss.

Claims / Refunds

Insurance & other claims / refunds, due to uncertainty in realisation, are accounted for on acceptance / actual receipt basis.

(l) Foreign currency translation

Foreign currency transactions and balances

Initial recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.

Exchange differences

Exchange differences arising on the settlement/conversion of monetary items are recognized as income or expenses in the period in which they arise.

Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency risk of an existing asset / liability

The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contract is amortized and recognized as an expense / income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognized as income or as expense for the period.

(m) Retirement and other employee benefits

Retirement benefit in the form of Provident Fund and Superannuation Schemes are defined contribution schemes. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the respective funds. The Company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.

Gratuity liability is defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of actuarial valuation done on projected unit credit method at the end of each reporting period. Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in full in the period in which they occur in the statement of profit and loss.

The Company treats accumulated leaves expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the end of each financial year. The Company presents the leave as current liability in the Balance Sheet, to the extent it does not have an unconditional right to defer its settlement beyond 12 months after the reporting date. Where company has unconditional legal and contractual right to defer the settlement for the period beyond 12 months, the same is presented as non current liability. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

(n) Income taxes

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income originating during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable timing differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible timing differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realized against future taxable profits.

In the situations where the Company is entitled to a tax holiday under the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India, no deferred tax (asset or liability) is recognized in respect of timing differences which reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the Company''s gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday period. Deferred tax in respect of timing differences which reverse after the tax holiday period is recognized in the year in which the timing differences originate. However, the Company restricts recognition of deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. For recognition of deferred taxes, the timing differences which originate first are considered to reverse first.

At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The Company recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under The Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as "MAT Credit Entitlement". The Company reviews the "MAT credit entitlement" asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

(o) Segment reporting Identification of segments

The Company''s operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which the customers of the Company are located.

Allocation of common costs

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segment on a case to case basis applying the ratio, appropriate to each relevant case. Revenue and expenses, which relate to the enterprise as a whole and are not allocable to segment on a reasonable basis, are included under the head "Unallocated".

Unallocated items

Unallocated items include general corporate income and expense items which are not allocated to any business segment. Segment accounting policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

(p) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(q) Provisions

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

(r) Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

(s) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

(t) Derivative instruments

In accordance with the ICAI announcement, derivative contracts, other than foreign currency forward contracts covered under AS 11, are marked to market on a portfolio basis, and the loss, if any, after considering the offsetting effect of gain on the underlying hedged item, is charged to the statement of profit and loss. Gains are ignored as a matter of prudence.

(u) Excise Duty & Custom Duty

Excise duty on Finished goods stock lying at the factories is accounted for at the point of manufacture of goods and accordingly, is considered for valuation of finished goods stock lying in the factories as on the Balance Sheet date. Similarly, customs duty on imported materials in transit / lying in bonded warehouse is accounted for at the time of import / bonding of materials.

(v) Measurement of EBITDA

As permitted by the Guidance Note on the Revised Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956, the Company has elected to present earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) as a separate line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss. In the measurement of EBITDA, the Company does not include depreciation and amortization expense, finance costs and tax expense.

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Mar 31, 2013

(a) use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Indian GAAP requires the management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities, at the end of the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on the management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in the outcomes requiring a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities in future periods.

(b) Tangible fixed assets

Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation/amortisation and impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises the purchase price inclusive of duties (net of cenvat / VAT), taxes, incidental expenses, erection / commissioning expenses etc. and borrowing costs if capitalisation criteria are met and directly attributable cost of brining the assets to its working condition for the intended use.

Subsequent expenditure related to an item of fixed asset is added to its book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance. All other expenses on an existing fixed asset, including day-to-day repair and maintenance expenditure and cost of replacing parts, are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the period during which such expenses are incurred.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of fixed assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with an item of fixed asset and whose use as per technical assessment is expected to be irregular, are capitalised and depreciated over the residual life of the respective assets.

(c) Depreciation on tangible fixed assets

The classification of plant and machinery into continuous and non-continuous process is done as per technical certification and depreciation thereon is provided accordingly.

Depreciation on fixed assets is provided under Straight Line Method (except for furniture, fixtures and vehicles valuing Rs. 1,093.51 lacs (31st March, 2012: Rs. Nil) where Written Down Value method is followed) at the rates prescribed in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956 or at the rates based on the useful lives of the assets estimated by the management, whichever is higher. Based on this, the Company has depreciated its assets based on rates prescribed in Schedule XIV of the Companies Act, 1956.

Depreciation on fixed assets added / disposed off during the year is provided on pro-rata basis with reference to the date of addition/disposal.

(d) Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Internally generated intangible assets, excluding capitalized development costs, are not capitalized and expenditure is reflected in the statement of profit and loss in the year in which the expenditure is incurred.

Intangible assets are amortized on a straight line basis over the estimated useful economic life of the asset. The Company uses a rebuttable presumption that the useful life of an intangible asset will not exceed ten years from the date when the asset is available for use. If the persuasive evidence exists to the affect that useful life of an intangible asset exceeds ten years, the Company amortizes the intangible asset over the best estimate of its useful life. Such intangible assets and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. All other intangible assets are assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired.

The amortization period and the amortization method are reviewed at least at each financial year end. If the expected useful life of the asset is significantly different from previous estimates, the amortization period is changed accordingly. If there has been a significant change in the expected pattern of economic benefits from the asset, the amortization method is changed to reflect the changed pattern. Such changes are accounted for in accordance with AS 5 Net Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in Accounting Policies.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

Intangible assets being Specialized Software and Mining Rights are amortised on a straight line basis over a period of 3 years and 10 years respectively.

(e) Leases Operating Lease:

Where the Company is lessee

Leases, where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Where the Company is the lessor

Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the asset are classified as operating leases. Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income on an operating lease is recognized in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation, are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognized immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

(f) Borrowing costs

Borrowing cost includes interest, amortization of ancillary costs incurred in connection with the arrangement of borrowings and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they occur.

(g) Impairment of tangible and intangible assets

The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cash-generating unit''s (CGU) net selling price and its value in use. The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining net selling price, recent market transactions are taken into account, if available. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.

The Company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations which are prepared separately for each of the Company''s cash-generating units to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations are generally covering a period of five years. For longer periods, a long term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year.

Impairment losses including impairment on inventories, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

After impairment, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

An assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognized impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Company estimates the asset''s or cash-generating unit''s recoverable amount. A previously recognized impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset''s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognized. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

(h) Government grants and subsidies

Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that (i) the Company will comply with the conditions attached to them, and (ii) the grant/subsidy will be received.

When the grant or subsidy relates to revenue, it is recognized as income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Where the grant relates to an asset, its value is deducted in arriving at the carrying amount of the related asset.

Where the Company receives non-monetary grants, the asset is accounted for on the basis of its acquisition cost. In case a non-monetary asset is given free of cost, it is recognized at a nominal value.

Government grants of the nature of promoters'' contribution are credited to capital reserve and treated as a part of the shareholders'' funds.

(i) Investments

Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from the date on which such investments are made, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as long-term investments.

On initial recognition, all investments are measured at cost. The cost comprises purchase price and directly attributable acquisition charges such as brokerage, fees and duties.

Current investments are carried in the financial statements at lower of cost and fair value determined on an individual investment basis. Long-term investments are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value is made to recognize a decline other than temporary in the value of the investments.

On disposal of an investment, the difference between its carrying amount and net disposal proceeds is charged or credited to the statement of profit and loss.

(j) Inventories

Raw materials and stores and spares are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost of raw materials and stores and spares is determined on annual weighted average method.

Work-in-progress and finished goods are valued at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and labor and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty and is determined on annual weighted average basis.

Saleable scrap, whose cost is not identifiable, is valued at net realisable value.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

(k) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. The following specific recognition criteria must also be met before revenue is recognized:

Sale of goods

Revenue from sale of goods is recognized when all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have been passed to the buyer, usually on delivery of the goods. The Company collects sales taxes and value added taxes (VAT) on behalf of the government and, therefore, these are not economic benefits flowing to the Company. Hence, they are excluded from revenue. Excise duty deducted from revenue (gross) is the amount that is included in the revenue (gross) and not the entire amount of liability arising during the year.

Interest

Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the applicable interest rate. Interest income is included under the head "other income" in the statement of profit and Certified emission reduction (CER) credits

Income from certified emission reduction (CER) credits is recognized at estimated realisable value on confirmation of CERs by the concerned authorities.

Claims / Refunds

Insurance & other claims / refunds, due to uncertainty in realisation, are accounted for on acceptance / actual receipt basis.

(l) Foreign currency translation

Foreign currency transactions and balances

Initial recognition

Foreign currency transactions are recorded in the reporting currency, by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the reporting currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

Conversion

Foreign currency monetary items are retranslated using the exchange rate prevailing at the reporting date. Non- monetary items, which are measured in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency, are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items, which are measured at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency, are translated using the exchange rate at the date when such value was determined.

Exchange differences

Exchange differences arising on the settlement/conversion of monetary items are recognized as income or expenses

in the period in which they arise.

Forward exchange contracts entered into to hedge foreign currency risk of an existing asset / liability The premium or discount arising at the inception of forward exchange contract is amortized and recognized as an expense / income over the life of the contract. Exchange differences on such contracts are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such forward exchange contract is also recognized as income or as expense for the period.

(m) Retirement and other employee benefits

Retirement benefit in the form of Provident Fund and Superannuation Schemes are defined contribution schemes. The company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the respective funds. The company recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expenditure, when an employee renders the related service. If the contribution payable to the scheme for service received before the balance sheet date exceeds the contribution already paid, the deficit payable to the scheme is recognized as a liability after deducting the contribution already paid. If the contribution already paid exceeds the contribution due for services received before the balance sheet date, then excess is recognized as an asset to the extent that the pre payment will lead to, for example, a reduction in future payment or a cash refund.and the contributions are charged to the Statement of Profit & Loss of the period when the contributions to the respective funds are due.

Gratuity liability is defined benefit obligation and is provided for on the basis of actuarial valuation done on projected unit credit method at the end of each reporting period. Actuarial gains and losses are recognized in full in the period in which they occur in the statement of profit and loss.

The Company treats accumulated leaves expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absesnces are provided for based

on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the end of each financial year. The company presents the leave as current liability in the Balance Sheet, to the extent it does not have an unconditional right to defer its setllement beyond 12 months after the reporting date. Where company has unconditional legal and contractual right to defer the settlement for the period beyond 12 months, the same is presented as non current liability.

The Company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months, as long-term employee benefit for measurement purposes. Such long-term compensated absences are provided for based on the actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method at the year-end. Actuarial gains/losses are immediately taken to the statement of profit and loss and are not deferred.

(n) Income taxes

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current income-tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date. Current income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of timing differences between taxable income and accounting income originating during the current year and reversal of timing differences for the earlier years. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred income tax relating to items recognized directly in equity is recognized in equity and not in the statement of profit and loss.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable timing differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible timing differences only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. In situations where the Company has unabsorbed depreciation or carry forward tax losses, all deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty supported by convincing evidence that they can be realized against future taxable profits.

In the situations where the Company is entitled to a tax holiday under the Income-tax Act, 1961 enacted in India, no deferred tax (asset or liability) is recognized in respect of timing differences which reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the Company''s gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday period. Deferred tax in respect of timing differences which reverse after the tax holiday period is recognized in the year in which the timing differences originate. However, the Company restricts recognition of deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. For recognition of deferred taxes, the timing differences which originate first are considered to reverse first.

At each reporting date, the Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred tax assets. It recognizes unrecognized deferred tax assets to the extent that it has become reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax. The

Company recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognizes MAT credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit Available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under The Income-tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the statement of profit and loss and shown as "MAT Credit Entitlement." The Company reviews the "MAT credit entitlement" asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

(o) Segment reporting

Identification of Segments

The Company''s operating businesses are organized and managed separately according to the nature of products and services provided, with each segment representing a strategic business unit that offers different products and serves different markets. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which the customers of the Company are located.

Allocation of common costs

Common allocable costs are allocated to each segments on a case to case basis applying the ratio, appropriate to each relevant case. Revenue and expenses, which relate to the enterprise as a whole and are not allocable to segment on a reasonable basis, are included under the head " Unallocated".

unallocated Items

Unallocated Items include general corporate income and expense items which are not allocated to any bussiness segment.

Segment accounting policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

(p) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

(q) Provisions

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation as a result of past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are not discounted to their present value and are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the reporting date. These estimates are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates.

(r) Contingent liabilities

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

(s) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand and short- term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

(t) Derivative instruments

In accordance with the ICAI announcement, derivative contracts, other than foreign currency forward contracts covered under AS 11, are marked to market on a portfolio basis, and the net loss, if any, after considering the offsetting effect of gain on the underlying hedged item, is charged to the statement of profit and loss. Net gains, are ignored as a matter of prudence.

(u) Excise Duty & Custom Duty

Excise duty on Finished goods stock lying at the factories is accounted for at the point of manufacture of goods and accordingly, is considered for valuation of finished goods stock lying in the factories as on the Balance Sheet date. Similarly, customs duty on imported materials in transit / lying in bonded warehouse is accounted for at the time of import / bonding of materials.

(v) Measurement of EBITDA

As permitted by the Guidance Note on the Revised Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956, the company has elected to present earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) as a separate line item on the face of the statement of profit and loss. In the measurement of EBITDA, the company does not include depreciation and amortization expense, finance costs and tax expense.