Accounting Policies of Navneet Education Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2025

2.2 Material Accounting policies

a) Presentation and disclosure of financial statements

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current
and non-current as per the Company''s normal operating
cycle and other criteria set out in the division II of Schedule
III of the Companies Act, 2013, for a Company whose
financial statements are made in compliance with the
Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015
and relevant amendment rules issued thereafter. Based
on the nature of business and their realisation in cash
and cash equivalents, 12 months have been considered
by the Company for the purpose of current / non-current
classification of assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non¬
current assets and liabilities as the case may be.

b) Property, plant and equipment & Depreciation

i) All Property, Plant and Equipment are stated at
cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation
and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Cost
of property, plant and equipment includes non¬
refundable taxes and duties, borrowing cost
directly attributable to the qualifying asset and any
directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to
its working condition and location and present
value of the expected cost for the dismantling/
decommissioning of the asset.

ii) Capital work-in-progress comprises of costs
incurred on property, plant and equipment not yet
ready for their intended use at the Balance Sheet
date. Advances paid towards the acquisition of
property, plant and equipment outstanding at
each balance sheet date are classified as capital
advances under other non-current assets.

iii) Property, plant and equipment are eliminated from
financial statements, either on disposal or when
retired from active use. Losses arising in the case
of retirement of property, plant and equipment and
gains or losses arising from disposal of property,
plant and equipment are recognised in the statement
of profit and loss in the year of occurrence.

iv) Subsequent expenditures relating to property,
plant and equipment are capitalised only when it is
probable that future economic benefits associated
with these will flow to the Company and the cost
of the item can be measured reliably. Repair and
maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement
of Profit and Loss when incurred.

v) When parts of an item of property, plant and
equipment have different useful lives, they
are accounted for as a separate item (major
components) of property, plant and equipment.

vi) The carrying amount of an item of property, plant
and equipment shall be derecognised: (a) on
disposal; or (b) when no future economic benefits
are expected from its use or disposal

vii) Depreciation on property, plant and equipment

a) Depreciation on property, plant and equipment
(other than freehold land and capital work in
progress) is provided on WDV over the useful lives
of the relevant assets net of residual value whose
lives are in consonance with the lives mentioned in
Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013, except the
case where individual assets whose cost does not
exceed ten thousand rupees has been provided fully
in the year of capitalisation.

b) In the case of assets purchased, sold or discarded
during the year, depreciation on such assets is
calculated on a pro-rata basis from the date of such
addition or as the case may be, upto the date on
which such asset has been sold or discarded.

c) The residual values, useful lives and methods of
depreciation of property, plant and equipment are
reviewed at each balance sheet date to reflect the
expected pattern of consumption of the future
benefits embodied in the properties, plant and
equipment and in case of any changes, effect of the
same is given prospectively.

d) Depreciation of an asset ceases at the earlier of the
date that the asset is classified as held for sale (or
included in a disposal group that is classified as
held for sale) in accordance with Ind AS 105 and the
date that the asset is derecognised.

c) Investment properties & Depreciation on investment

properties

i) Property (Land or a Building or part of a building or
both and related equipment & furniture) that are held
for long term rental yields or for capital appreciation
or both, rather than for:

a) Use in the production or supply of goods or
services or for administrative purposes; or

b) Sale in the ordinary course of business are
recognised as investment property in books
of account.

ii) Investment properties are measured initially at cost,
including transaction costs. The cost of investment
properties includes non-refundable taxes and
duties, borrowing costs directly attributable to
the qualifying asset and any directly attributable
costs of bringing the asset to its working condition
and location and present value of any obligatory
decommissioning cost for its intended use.
Subsequent expenditure is capitalised to the asset''s
carrying amount only when it is probable that future
economic benefits associated with these will flow
to the Company and the cost of the item can be
measured reliably. All other repair and maintenance
costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and
Loss when incurred.

iii) Depreciation on investment properties

a) Depreciation on investment properties is
provided on WDV over the useful life of the
relevant assets net of residual value whose
life is in consonance with the life mentioned in
Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.

b) In the case of investment property purchased,
sold or discarded during the year, depreciation
on such investment property is calculated on
a pro-rata basis from the date of such addition
or as the case may be, upto the date on which
such investment property has been sold or
discarded.

c) The residual values, useful lives and methods
of depreciation of investment properties are
reviewed at each balance sheet date to reflect
the expected pattern of consumption of the
future benefits embodied in the investment
properties and in case of any changes, effect
of the same is given prospectively.

) Intangible assets & Amortisation

i. Acquired intangible assets:

Intangible assets are recognised when the Company
controls the asset, it is probable that future
economic benefits attributed to the asset will flow
to the Company and the cost of the asset can be
reliably measured. At initial recognition, intangible
assets are recognised at cost. Intangible assets are
carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and
accumulated impairment loss; if any.

Amortisation of intangible assets is provided on
straight line basis over the estimated useful life as
tabulated below:
* License is capitalised at the amounts paid to
acquire the respective license for use and is
amortised over the period of license.

i. Internally generated intangible assets:

Content and Technology platform development
expenditure incurred where it is reasonably
certain that the outcome of development will be
commercially exploited to yield economic benefits
to the Group, is considered as an intangible asset.
Content and Technology platform development cost
majorly includes salaries related to contents and
technology platform capitalised during the year.

For capitalised intangible assets, estimated useful
life is considered 3 years. The intangible assets are
amortised over 3 years on Straight Line Method
basis.

ii. Intangible assets under development comprise
of cost incurred on intangible assets under
development that are not ready for their intended
use as at the balance sheet date.

iv. Subsequent expenditures related to an item of
intangible assets are added to its carrying amount
when it is probable that future economic benefits
deriving from the cost incurred will flow to the
enterprise and the cost of the item can be measured
reliably.

v. The useful lives and methods of amortisation of
intangible assets are reviewed at each balance
sheet date to reflect the expected pattern of
consumption of the future benefits embodied in the
intangible assets and in case of any changes, effect
of the same is given prospectively.

e) Impairment of non-financial assets

Assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events
or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying
amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of
impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e., the
higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in¬
use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless
the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely
independent of those from other assets. In such cases,
the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to
which the asset belongs. If such assets are considered
to be impaired, the impairment to be recognised in the
Statement of Profit and Loss is measured by the amount
by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds
the estimated recoverable amount of the assets. An
impairment loss is reversed in the statement of profit and
loss if there has been a change in the estimates used to
determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount
of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable
amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the
carrying amount that would have been determined (net
of any accumulated amortisation or depreciation) had no
impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior
years.

f) Non-Current assets held for sale

The Company classifies non-current assets as held for
sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally
through sale rather than through continuing use and the
sale is highly probable. Management must be committed
to the sale, which should be expected within one year
from the date of classification. The criteria for held for
sale classification is regarded as met only when the asset
is available for immediate sale in its present condition,
subject to terms that are usual and customary for sales
of such assets, its sale is highly probable; and it will
genuinely be sold, not abandoned. The Company treats
sale of the asset to be highly probable when:

i) The appropriate level of management is committed
to a plan to sell the asset,

ii) An active programme to locate a buyer and complete
the plan has been initiated,

iii) The asset is being actively marketed for sale at a
price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair
value,

iv) The sale is expected to qualify for recognition as
a completed sale within one year from the date of
classification, and

v) Actions required to complete the plan indicate that
it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will
be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

Non-current assets held for sale are measured at the lower
of their carrying amount and the fair value less costs to
sell. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are
presented separately in the balance sheet. Property, plant
and equipment and intangible assets once classified as
held for sale are not depreciated or amortised. Gains
and losses on the disposal of such assets held for sale
are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying
amounts and are recognised in the statement of profit
and loss.

The Deposits associated with assets held for sale are
presented separately from other liabilities in the balance
sheet.

g) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net
realisable value.

Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present
location and condition are accounted for as follows:

i) Raw materials, packing materials, consumables,
stores and spares are valued at lower of cost and net
realisable value. However, materials and other items
held for use in the production of inventories are not
written down below cost if the finished products in
which they will be incorporated are expected to be
sold at or above cost.

The Cost comprises of costs of purchase, duties and
taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable)
and other costs after deducting discounts and
rebates which are incurred in bringing them to their
present location and condition. Cost is determined
on weighted average basis. Cost also includes the
reclassification from OCI of any gains or losses on
qualifying cash flow hedges relating to purchases of
raw material but excludes borrowing costs.

ii) Work-in-progress / Finished goods are valued at
lower of cost and net realisable value. The cost
includes direct materials valued on weighted
average basis, conversion costs (i.e. costs directly
related to the units of production), appropriate
proportion of manufacturing overheads based
on normal operating capacity and other costs
incurred in bringing them to their present location
and condition. Net realisable value is the estimated
selling price in the ordinary course of business less
estimated costs of completion and estimated costs
necessary to make the sale.

iii) Stocks in trade (Traded goods) are valued at lower
of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes
direct materials valued on weighted average basis,
and other costs incurred in bringing them to their
present location and condition.

iv) Scraps are valued at estimated net realisable value.

v) Cost of inventories is arrived at after providing
for cost of obsolescence wherever considered
necessary.

h) Borrowing Cost

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the
acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying
asset are capitalised as part of the cost of the respective
asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use
or sale. A qualifying asset is an asset which necessarily
takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its
intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are
expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing
costs consist of interest expenses calculated as per
effective interest method, exchange difference arising
from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are
treated as an adjustment to the borrowing cost.

i) Operating Segments

The operating segments have been identified based on
the conditions specified in paragraph 5 to Ind AS 108, i.e.
an operating segment is a component of the Group that
engages in business activities from which it may earn
revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results
are regularly reviewed by the Group''s Chief Operating
Decision Maker ("CODM”) to make decisions for which
discrete financial information is available.

Operating Segments are reported in a manner consistent
with internal reporting provided to the CODM. The
Managing Director is the CODM of the Company. The
Company prepares its segment information in conformity
with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and
presenting the financial statements of the Company as a
whole.

j) Financial instruments
Initial Recognition

All financial instruments are recognised initially at fair
value. Transaction costs that are attributable to the
acquisition of the financial assets (other than financial
assets recorded at fair value through profit or loss) are
included in the fair value of the financial assets. Purchase
or sales of financial assets that require delivery of
assets within a time frame established by regulation or
convention in the market place (regular way trade) are
recognised on trade date. However, loans and borrowings
and payables are recognised net of directly attributable
transaction costs and trade receivables are measured
at their transaction price unless it contains a significant
financing component or pricing adjustments embedded
in the contract.

Classification of financial assets

Financial assets are classified as ''equity instrument'' if it is
a non-derivative and meets the definition of ''equity'' for the
issuer. All other non-derivative financial assets are ''debt
instrument''.

Subsequent Measurement

The classification of financial instruments depends on
the objective of the business model for which it is held.

Management determines the classification of its financial
instruments at initial recognition.

Non-derivative financial assets:

Financial assets at amortised cost and the effective
interest method

Debt instruments shall be measured at amortised cost if
both of the following conditions are met:

i. the asset is held within a business model whose
objective is to hold financial assets in order to
collect contractual cash flows and selling assets;

ii. the contractual terms of the financial asset give
rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely
payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the
principal amount outstanding.

Debt instruments meeting these criteria are measured
initially at fair value plus transaction costs.

They are subsequently measured at amortised cost
using the effective interest method less any impairment,
with interest recognised on an effective yield basis in
investment income.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating
the amortised cost of a debt instrument and of allocating
interest over the relevant period. The effective interest
rate is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated
future cash receipts (including all fees on points paid or
received that form an integral part of the effective interest
rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts)
through the expected life of the debt instrument, or (where
appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount
on initial recognition.

The Company may irrevocably elect at initial recognition
to classify a debt instrument that meets the amortised
cost criteria above as at Fair Value Through Profit & Loss
(FVTPL) if that designation eliminates or significantly
reduces an accounting mismatch had the financial asset
been measured at amortised cost.

Investment in Subsidiaries

Investments in subsidiaries are carried at cost less
accumulated impairment losses, if any. Where an
indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of
the investment is assessed. Where the carrying amount
of an investment is greater than its estimated recoverable
amount, it is written down immediately to its recoverable
amount and the difference is transferred to the Statement
of Profit and Loss. On disposal of investment, the
difference between the net disposal proceeds and the
carrying amount is charged or credited to the Statement
of Profit and Loss.

Equity instruments

At initial recognition, an irrevocable election is made
(on an instrument-by-instrument basis) to designate
investments in equity instruments other than held for
trading purpose at FVTOCI.

A financial asset is held for trading if:

• it has been acquired principally for the purpose of
selling it in the near term; or

• on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of
identified financial instruments that the Group
manages together and has evidence of a recent
actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or

• it is a derivative that is not designated and effective
as a hedging instrument or a financial guarantee.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as
at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument,
excluding dividends, are recognised in the OCI. There is
no recycling of the amounts from OCI to the statement of
profit and loss, even on sale of investment. However, the
Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within
equity. Equity investments designated as FVTOCI are not
subject to impairment assessment.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category
are measured at fair value with all fair value changes
recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
(FVTPL)

Financial assets that do not meet the criteria of
classifying as amortised cost or fair value through other
comprehensive income described above, or that meet
the criteria, but the entity has chosen to designate as at
FVTPL at initial recognition, are measured at FVTPL.
Investments in equity instruments are classified as at
FVTPL, unless the Company designates an investment
that is not held for trading at FVTOCI at initial recognition.
Financial assets classified at FVTPL are initially measured
at fair value excluding transaction costs.

Financial assets at FVTPL are subsequently measured
at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on
remeasurement recognised in the statement of profit and
loss.

Dividend income on investments in equity instruments
at FVTPL is recognised in the statement of profit and
loss in investment income when the Company''s right to
receive the dividends is established, it is probable that
the economic benefits associated with the dividend will
flow to the entity; and the amount of the dividend can be
measured reliably.

Impairment of financial assets

On initial recognition of the financial assets, a loss
allowance for expected credit loss is recognised for
debt instruments at amortised cost and FVTOCI. For
debt instruments that are measured at FVTOCI, the loss
allowance is recognised in other comprehensive income
in the statement of profit and loss and does not reduce
the carrying amount of the financial asset in the balance
sheet.

Expected credit loss of a financial instrument is measured
in a way that reflects:

i) an unbiased and probability-weighted amount that
is determined by evaluating a range of possible
outcomes;

ii) the time value of money; and

iii) reasonable and supportable information that
is available without undue cost or effort at the
reporting date about past events, current conditions
and forecasts of future economic conditions.

At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether
the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased
significantly since initial recognition.

When making the assessment, the Company compares
the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument
as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring
on the financial instrument as at the date of initial
recognition and consider reasonable and supportable
information, that is available without undue cost or effort,
that is indicative of significant increases in credit risk
since initial recognition.

If, at the reporting date, the credit risk on a financial
instrument has not increased significantly since initial
recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance
for that financial instrument at an amount equal to
12-month expected credit losses. If the credit risk on
that financial instrument has increased significantly
since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss
allowance for a financial instrument at an amount equal
to the lifetime expected credit losses.

The amount of expected credit losses (or reversal) that
is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting
date is recognised as an impairment gain or loss in the
statement of profit and loss.

Derecognition of financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset on trade
date only when the contractual rights to the cash flows
from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial
asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of
ownership of the asset to another entity. If the Company
neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks
and rewards of ownership and continues to control
the transferred asset, the Company recognises its
retained interest in the asset and an associated liability
for amounts it may have to pay. If the Company retains
substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of
a transferred financial asset, the Company continues
to recognise the financial asset and also recognises a
collateralised borrowing for the proceeds received.

On derecognition of a financial asset other than in its
entirety (e.g. when the Company retains an option to
repurchase part of a transferred asset), the Company
allocates the previous carrying amount of the financial
asset between the part it continues to recognise
under continuing involvement, and the part it no longer
recognises on the basis of the relative fair values of those
parts on the date of the transfer. The difference between
the carrying amounts allocated to the part that is no longer
recognised and the sum of the consideration received for
the part no longer recognised and any cumulative gain
or loss allocated to it that had been recognised in other
comprehensive income is recognised in the statement
of profit and loss. Cumulative gain or loss that had been
recognised in other comprehensive income is allocated
between the part that continues to be recognised and

the part that is no longer recognised on the basis of the
relative fair values of those parts.

Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the
Company

Classification as debt or equity

Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the
Company are classified according to the substance of the
contractual arrangements entered into and the definitions
of a financial liability and an equity instrument
Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a
residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting
all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the
Company are recognised at the proceeds received, net of
direct issue costs.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified as either ''financial
liabilities at FVTPL'' or ''other financial liabilities''.

Financial liabilities at FVTPL

Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when
the financial liability is either held for trading or it is
designated as at FVTPL.

A financial liability is classified as held for trading if:

i) it has been acquired or incurred principally for the
purpose of repurchasing it in the near term; or

ii) on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of
identified financial instruments that the Company
manages together and for which there is evidence
of a recent actual pattern of short-term profit taking;
or

iii) It is a derivative that is not designated and effective
as a hedging instrument.

A financial liability other than a financial liability held for
trading may also be designated as at FVTPL upon initial
recognition if:

i) such designation eliminates or significantly reduces
a measurement or recognition inconsistency that
would otherwise arise; or

ii) the financial liability forms part of a Company of
financial assets or financial liabilities or both, which
is managed and its performance is evaluated on a
fair value basis, in accordance with the Company''s
documented risk management or investment
strategy, and information about the Companying is
provided internally on that basis; or

iii) It forms part of a contract containing one or more
embedded derivatives, and Ind-AS 109 ''Financial
Instruments'' permits the entire combined contract
to be designated as at FVTPL.

Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with
any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised
in the statement of profit and loss, except for the amount
of change in the fair value of the financial liability that is
attributable to changes in the credit risk of that liability
which is recognised in other comprehensive income.

The net gain or loss recognised in the statement of profit
and loss incorporates any interest paid on the financial
liability.

Other financial liabilities

Other financial liabilities, including borrowings, are initially
measured at fair value, net of transaction costs.

Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at
amortised cost using the effective interest method, with
interest expense recognised on an effective yield basis.
The effective interest method is a method of calculating
the amortised cost of financial liability and of allocating
interest expense over the relevant period. The effective
interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated
future cash payments through the expected life of the
financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period,
to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Financial guarantee contracts

A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires
the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the
holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor
fails to make payments when due in accordance with the
terms of a debt instrument.

Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are
initially measured at their fair values and, if not designated
as at FVTPL, are subsequently measured at the higher of:

i) the amount of loss allowance determined in
accordance with impairment requirements of Ind
AS 109; and

ii) the amount initially recognised less, when
appropriate, the cumulative amount of income
recognised in accordance with the principles of Ind
AS 115.

Reclassification of financial assets and liabilities

The Company determines classification of financial
assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial
recognition, no re-classification is made for financial
assets which are equity instruments and financial
liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments,
a re-classification is made only if there is a change in the
business model for managing those assets. Changes to
the business model are expected to be infrequent. The
Company''s senior management determines change in the
business model as a result of external or internal changes
which are significant to the Company''s operations. Such
changes are evident to external parties. A change in the
business model occurs when the Company either begins
or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its
operations. If the Company re-classifies financial assets,
it applies the re-classification prospectively from the re¬
classification date which is the first day of the immediately
next reporting period following the change in business
model. The Company does not re-state any previously
recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or
losses) or interest.

Offsetting financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net
amount reported in the balance sheet when there is

a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised
amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis
or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on
future events and must be enforceable in the normal
course of business and in the event of default, insolvency
or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.
Derivatives and hedge accounting
Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date
a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently
re-measured at their fair value. The method of recognising
the resulting gain or loss depends on whether the
derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and if
so, the nature of the item being hedged.

The Company designates certain derivatives as either:

i) hedges of the fair value of recognised assets or
liabilities or a firm commitment (fair value hedge);

ii) hedges of a particular risk associated with a
recognised asset or liability or a highly probable
forecast transaction (cash flow hedge); or

iii) Hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation
(net investment hedge).

The Company documents at the inception of the
transaction the relationship between hedging instruments
and hedged items, as well as its risk management
objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedging
transactions. The Company also documents the nature
of the risk being hedged and how the Company will
assess whether the hedging relationship meets the hedge
effectiveness requirements (including its analysis of the
sources of hedge ineffectiveness and how it determines
the hedge ratio).

The full fair value of a hedging derivative is classified as
a non-current financial asset or financial liability when the
residual maturity of the derivative is more than 12 months
and as a current financial asset or financial liability when
the residual maturity of the derivative is less than 12
months.

Fair value hedge

Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated
and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in the
statement of profit and loss, together with any changes
in the fair value of the hedged item that are attributable to
the hedged risk.

Hedge accounting is discontinued when the Company
revokes the hedging relationship, when the hedging
instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or
when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. The fair
value adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged
item arising from the hedged risk is amortised to the
statement of profit and loss from that date.

Cash flow hedges

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of
derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow
hedges is recognised in other comprehensive income
and accumulated under the heading cash flow hedging
reserve. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion

is recognised immediately in the statement of profit and
loss and is included in the ''other gains and losses'' line
item.

Amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive
income and accumulated in equity are reclassified to
the statement of profit and loss in the periods when the
hedged item affects the statement of profit and loss, in
the same line as the recognised hedged item. However,
when the hedged forecast transaction results in the
recognition of a non-financial asset or a non-financial
liability, the gains and losses previously recognised in
other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity
are transferred from equity and included in the initial
measurement of the cost of the non-financial asset or
non-financial liability.

Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging
instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or
when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. Any gain
or loss recognised in other comprehensive income and
accumulated in equity at that time remains in equity and
is recognised when the forecast transaction is ultimately
recognised in the statement of profit and loss. When a
forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur,
the gain or loss accumulated in equity is recognised
immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an
asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the measurement date. A
fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to
sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either
in the principal market for the asset or liability or in the
absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous
market for the asset or liability. The principal market or
the most advantageous market must be accessible to the
Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using
the assumptions that market participants would use
when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market
participants act in their best economic interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes
into account a market participant''s ability to generate
economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and
best use or by selling it to another market participant that
would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are
appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient
data are available to measure fair value, maximising the
use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use
of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured
or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised
within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level
input that is significant to the fair value measurement as
a whole. The fair value hierarchy is described as below:

• Level 1 - unadjusted quoted price in active markets
for identical assets and liabilities.

• Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included
within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or
liability, either directly or indirectly

• Level 3 - unobservable inputs for the asset or
liability

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the
financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis,
the Company determines whether transfers have
occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing
categorisation at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company
has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the
basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset
or liability and the level of fair value hierarchy.

k) Revenue recognition

The Company earns revenue primarily from the sale of
knowledge-based information in educational and general
books, paper stationery and non-paper stationery. The
Company also provides job-work services.

Revenue is recognised upon the transfer of control of
promised products and services to customers, when there
are no longer any unfulfilled obligations, in an amount that
reflects the consideration which the Company expects to
receive in exchange for those products and services. The
performance obligations in our contracts are generally
fulfilled at the time of dispatch, delivery or upon formal
customer acceptance depending on customer terms.

• Sale of products

Revenue is recognised at a point in time upon
the transfer of control of promised products to
customers, which coincides with dispatch or delivery
of goods as per the relevant terms of the contract,
in an amount that reflects the consideration we
expect to receive in exchange for those products.
Revenue towards satisfaction of a performance
obligation is measured at the amount of transaction
price (net of variable consideration) allocated to
that performance obligation. The transaction price
of goods sold is net of variable consideration on
account of various discounts and schemes offered
by the Company as part of the contract.
Accumulated experience and judgement are used
to estimate and provide for turnover discounts,
expected cash discounts, other eligible discounts,
expected returns and incentives.

Payment for the sale is made as per the credit
terms in the agreements with the customers. The
credit period is generally short term, thus there is no
significant financing component.

• Sale of services

Revenue from services rendered is recognised at a
point in time based on agreements / arrangements
with the customers. Service income is recorded net
of GST. Revenue for fixed price contracts (including
right to use contents) are recognised over the
contract period on straight line basis unless there is
a more appropriate allocation.

Revenue from sale of educational contents in digital
form is recognised as under:
o In case the sale is in the nature of right to use,
the revenue is recognised at the point of time
when the license for the content is activated
and there are no further performance
obligations.

o In case the sale is in the nature of right to
access, the revenue is recognised over the
license period on straight line basis unless
there is more appropriate allocation.
o Contract assets are recognised when there
is excess of revenue earned over billings on
contracts. Contract assets are classified as
unbilled receivables (only act of invoicing is
pending) when there is unconditional right
to receive cash, and only passage of time is
required, as per contractual terms.

Unearned and deferred revenue ("contract liability”)
is recognised when there is a billing in excess of
revenues.

• Income from power generation

Income from power generation is recognised on
the basis of electrical units generated & transferred
to transmission company (in excess of captive
consumption) and is recognised at prescribed
rate as per agreement for sale of electricity by
the Company. Income from power generation is
grouped under ''Other operating revenue''.

• Right to return assets:

A right of return gives the Company a contractual
right to recover the goods from a customer (right to
return asset) if the customer exercises its option to
return the goods and obtain a refund. The asset is
measured at the carrying amount of the inventory,
less any expected costs to recover the goods,
including any potential decreases in the value of
the returned goods. The Company has presented its
right to return assets under other current assets.

• Refund liability

A refund liability is the obligation to refund part or all
of the consideration received (or receivable) from the
customer. The Company has therefore recognised
refund liabilities in respect of the customer''s right
to return. The liability is measured at the amount the
Company ultimately expects it will have to return to
the customer. The Company updates its estimate of
refund liabilities (and the corresponding change in
the transaction price) at the end of each reporting
period. The Company has presented its refund
liabilities under other provisions.

• Other income

o Interest income in respect of all the debt
instruments, financial guarantees and
deposits which are measured at amortised
cost or at fair value through profit and loss
or at fair value through other comprehensive

income, is recorded using effective interest
rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts
the estimated future cash payments or
receipts over the expected life of the financial
instrument or a shorter period, where
appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of
the financial asset or to the amortised cost of
a financial liability.

o Dividend income on investment is accounted
for in the year in which the right to receive the
payment is established.

l) Government grants

Government grants are recognised when there is
reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with
the conditions attaching to them and that the grants will
be received.

Incentives on exports related to operations as provided
by government are recognised in books after due
consideration of certainty of utilisation / receipt of such
incentive.

m) Trade receivables

Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for
goods sold or services performed in the ordinary course
of business. If the receivable is expected to be collected
within a period of 12 months or less from the reporting
date (or in the normal operating cycle of the business, if
longer), they are classified as current assets, otherwise as
non-current assets.

Trade receivables are measured at their transaction price
unless they contain a significant financing component or
pricing adjustments embedded in the contract.

Loss allowance for expected lifetime credit loss is
recognised on initial recognition.

n) Foreign currency transactions

Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are
recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date
of the transaction. As at the Balance Sheet date, foreign
currency monetary assets and liabilities are translated
at closing exchange rate. The gains or losses resulting
from such translations are included in net profit in the
Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities
denominated in a foreign currency and measured at fair
value are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the
date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary
assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in a
foreign currency and measured at historical cost are
translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date of
the transaction.

Transaction gains or losses realised upon settlement of
foreign currency transactions are included in determining
net profit for the period in which the transaction is settled.
Revenue, expense and cash flow items denominated
in foreign currencies are translated into the relevant
functional currencies using the exchange rate in effect on
the date of the transaction.

As per Appendix B to Ind AS 21, when an entity has
received or paid advance contribution in a foreign
currency, transaction rate as on the date of receipt of
advance is considered for recognition of related asset,
expenses or income.

o) Employee benefits

i) Short term employee benefits

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non¬
monetary benefits that are expected to be settled
wholly within 12 months after the end of the period
in which the employees render the related service
are recognised in respect of employees'' services
up to the end of the reporting and are measured at
the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities
are settled. The liabilities are presented as current
employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.

ii) Post-employment benefits

a) Defined Contribution Plan

The defined contribution plan is a post¬
employment benefit plan under which the
Company contributes fixed contribution to a
government administered fund and will have
no legal or constructive obligation to pay
further contribution. The Company''s defined
contribution plan comprises of Provident Fund
and Labour Welfare Fund. The Company''s
contribution to defined contribution plans is
recognised in the statement of profit and loss
in the period in which the employee renders
the related services.

b) Defined benefit plan

The Company has defined benefit plans
comprising of gratuity. Company''s obligation
towards gratuity liability is funded and is
managed by Life Insurance Corporation
of India (LIC) except in case of demerged
undertaking taken over by the Company
from subsidiary ''Navneet Futuretech Limited.
The present value of the defined benefit
obligations is determined based on actuarial
valuation using the projected unit credit
method. The rate used to discount defined
benefit obligation is determined by reference
to market yields at the Balance Sheet date on
Indian Government Bonds for the estimated
term of obligations.

Re-measurements comprising of (a) actuarial
gains and losses, (b) the effect of the asset
ceiling (excluding amounts included in net
interest on the net defined benefit liability)
and (c) the return on plan assets (excluding
amounts included in net interest on the
net defined benefit liability) are recognised
immediately in the balance sheet with a
corresponding debit or credit to retained
earnings through other comprehensive
income in the period in which they occur.

Re-measurements are not reclassified to
statement of profit and loss in subsequent
periods.

The return on plan assets is the Company''s
expectation of an average long-term rate of
return on the investment of the fund over the
entire life of the related obligation. Plan assets
are measured at fair value as at the Balance
Sheet date.

The interest cost on defined benefit obligation
and return on plan assets is recognised under
finance cost.

Gains or losses on the curtailment or
settlement of defined benefit plan are
recognised when the curtailment or settlement
occurs.

iii) Compensated absences

The Company has benefits in the form of
compensated absences. The present value of
such compensated absences is determined based
on actuarial valuation using the projected unit
credit method. The rate used to discount defined
benefit obligation is determined by reference to
market yields at the Balance Sheet date on Indian
Government Bonds for the estimated term of
obligations.

Actuarial gains or losses arising on account of
experience adjustment and the effect of changes in
actuarial assumptions are recognised immediately
in the statement of profit and loss as income or
expense.

Gains or losses on the curtailment or settlement
are recognised when the curtailment or settlement
occurs.

p) Leases

The Company had adopted Ind AS 116 ''Leases'' effective

from 1^st April, 2019, as notified by the Ministry of

Corporate Affairs in the Companies (Indian Accounting

Standard) Amendment Rules, 2019.

As a Lessee

o The Company''s lease asset classes primarily
consist of leases for office premises, warehouses,
vehicles and computers.

o At inception of a contract, the Company assesses
whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract
is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the
right to control the use of an identified asset for a
period of time in exchange for consideration.

o At commencement or on modification of a contract
that contains a lease component, the Company
allocates the consideration in the contract to each
lease and non-lease component on the basis of
their relative stand-alone prices.

o The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a
lease liability at the lease commencement date. The
right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which
comprise of the initial amount of the lease liability

adjusted for any lease payments made at or before
the commencement date net of lease incentive
received, plus any initial direct costs incurred and
an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the
underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset
or the site on which it is located.
o The right-of-use assets are subsequently measured
at cost less any accumulated depreciation,
accumulated impairment losses, if any and adjusted
for any remeasurement of the lease liability. The
right-of-use asset is depreciated using the straight¬
line method from the commencement date over the
shorter of lease term of right-of-use asset.
o The lease liability is initially measured at the present
value of the lease payments that are not paid at the
commencement date, discounted using the interest
rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be
readily determined, the Company''s incremental
borrowing rate. The lease liability is measured at
amortised cost using the effective interest method.
o The Company has elected not to recognise right-
of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases of low-
value assets and short-term leases. The Company
recognises the lease payments associated with
these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis
over the lease term.

o The Company determines the lease term as the non¬
cancellable period of a lease, together with both
periods covered by an option to extend the lease
if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise
that option; and periods covered by an option to
terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably
certain not to exercise that option. In assessing
whether the Company is reasonably certain to
exercise an option to extend a lease, or not to
exercise an option to terminate a lease, it considers
all relevant facts and circumstances that create an
economic incentive for the Company to exercise
the option to extend the lease, or not to exercise
the option to terminate the lease. The Company
revises the lease term if there is a change in the non¬
cancellable period of a lease.
o Right-of-use assets and lease liability balances
are adjusted on partial / full termination of lease
and corresponding gain / loss on such partial /
full termination is charged to other income / other
expenses in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

As a Lessor

Lease income from operating leases where the Company
is a lessor is recognised (net of GST) in income on a
straight-line basis over the lease term. The respective
leased assets are included in the balance sheet based on
their nature.

q) Taxes on income

Tax expenses for the year comprises of current tax,
deferred tax charge or credit and adjustments of taxes for
earlier years. In respect of amounts adjusted outside profit
or loss (i.e., in other comprehensive income or equity), the

corresponding tax effect, if any, is also adjusted outside
profit or loss.

The current Income Tax expense charge is calculated
on the basis of the tax laws enacted at the end of the
reporting period. Management establishes proper
provisions on the basis of amounts expected to be paid
to the tax authorities.

Deferred Income Tax is provided in full, using the Balance
Sheet Method, on temporary differences arising between
the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying
amounts in the financial statements. Deferred income tax
is determined using the tax rates that have been enacted
at the end of the reporting period.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible
temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is
probable that future taxable amounts will be available to
utilise those temporary differences and losses.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is
a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and
liabilities. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset
where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset
and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the
asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Current and deferred tax is recognised in the statement of
Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items
recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in
equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in Other
Comprehensive Income or directly in Equity, respectively.
The Company previously accounted for deferred tax on
leases and dec

---

Mar 31, 2024

COMPANY OVERVIEW, NATURE OF ENTITY''S OPERATIONS AND ITS PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

Navneet Education Limited (''the Company'') is a public limited Company incorporated and domiciled in India and has its registered office at Navneet Bhavan, Near Shardasharam Society, Bhavani Shankar Road, Dadar, Mumbai - 400028, Maharashtra, India. The Company is listed on Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange.

The Company is a leading manufacturer of Maharashtra and Gujarat State Board Publication books and Stationery Products. The Publishing segment consists of supplementary books such as workbooks, guides, and question banks which are based on the latest prescribed syllabus by state education boards under the brand name of ''Vikas'' and ''Gala''. The stationery business consists of paper based and non-paper-based stationery under the brand names ''Navneet'' and ''Youva''. The Company is also in the business of developing digital content and technology platforms for schools, teachers and students in India. It adopts new technologies and modifies them to meet the needs of teachers and students.

The financial statements of the Company for the year ended 31^st March, 2024 were approved and adopted by the board of directors of the Company in their meeting dated 22^nd May, 2024. Also refer note 60 of financial statements.

MATERIAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND KEY ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGMENTS2.1 Basis of preparationa) Statement of Compliance

The financial statements (on standalone basis) of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (''the Act'') read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendment rules issued thereafter.

Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.

b) Functional and presentation currency

Items included in the financial statements of the Company are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (''the functional currency''). The financial statements are prepared in '' which is the functional and presentation currency.

c) Basis of measurement

The financial statements have been prepared under historical cost convention basis, except for the following material items which are measured at fair value as required by relevant Ind AS:

i) Certain financial assets and financial liabilities (including derivative instruments) [Refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments in note no. 2.2(i)]

ii) Defined benefit plans

2.2 Material Accounting policiesa) Presentation and disclosure of financial statements

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current and non-current as per the Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the division II of Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013, for a Company whose financial statements are made in compliance with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendment rules issued thereafter. Based on the nature of business and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, 12 months have been considered by the Company for the purpose of current/non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities as the case may be.

b) Property, plant and equipment & Depreciation

i) All Property, Plant and Equipment are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment

losses, if any. Cost of property, plant and equipment includes non-refundable taxes and duties, borrowing cost directly attributable to the qualifying asset and any directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working condition and location and present value of the expected cost for the dismantling/ decommissioning of the asset.

ii) Capital work-in-progress comprises of cost incurred on property, plant and equipment not yet ready for their intended use at the Balance Sheet date. Advances paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each balance sheet date are classified as capital advances under other non-current assets.

iii) Property, plant and equipment are eliminated from financial statements, either on disposal or when retired from active use. Losses arising in the case of retirement of property, plant and equipment and gains or losses arising from disposal of property, plant and equipment are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the year of occurrence.

iv) Subsequent expenditures relating to property, plant and equipment are capitalised only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with these, will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. Repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred.

v) When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as a separate item (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

vi) The carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment shall be derecognised: (a) on disposal; or (b) when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal

vii) Depreciation on property, plant and equipment

a) Depreciation on property, plant and equipment (other than freehold land and

capital work in progress) is provided on WDV over the useful lives of the relevant assets net of residual value whose lives are in consonance with the lives mentioned in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013, except the case where individual assets whose cost does not exceed ten thousand rupees has been provided fully in the year of capitalisation.

b) In the case of assets purchased, sold or discarded during the year, depreciation on such assets is calculated on a prorata basis from the date of such addition or as the case may be, upto the date on which such asset has been sold or discarded.

c) The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each balance sheet date to reflect the expected pattern of consumption of the future benefits embodied in the properties, plant and equipment and in case of any changes, effect of the same is given prospectively.

d) Depreciation of an asset ceases at the earlier of the date that the asset is classified as held for sale (or included in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with Ind AS 105 and the date that the asset is derecognised.

c) Investment properties & Depreciation on investment properties

i) Property (Land or a Building or part of a building or both and related equipment''s & furniture) that are held for long term rental yields or for capital appreciation or both, rather than for:

a) Use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes; or

b) Sale in the ordinary course of business. are recognised as investment property in books of account.

ii) Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Cost of investment properties includes nonrefundable taxes and duties, borrowing cost directly attributable to the qualifying asset and any directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working condition and location and present value of any obligatory decommissioning cost for its intended use.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised to the asset''s carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with these will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred.

iii) Depreciation on investment properties

a) Depreciation on investment properties is provided on WDV over the useful life of the relevant assets net of residual value whose life is in consonance with the life mentioned in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.

b) In the case of investment property purchased, sold or discarded during the year, depreciation on such investment property is calculated on pro-rata basis from the date of such addition or as the case may be, upto the date on which such investment property has been sold or discarded.

c) The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of investment properties are reviewed at each balance sheet date to reflect the expected pattern of consumption of the future benefits embodied in the investment properties and in case of any changes, effect of the same is given prospectively.

d) Intangible assets & Amortisation

i. Acquired intangible assets:

Intangible assets are recognised when the Company controls the asset, it is probable that future economic benefits attributed to

the asset will flow to the Company and the cost of the asset can be reliably measured. At initial recognition, intangible assets are recognised at cost. Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment loss; if any.

Amortisation of intangible assets is provided on straight line basis over the estimated useful life as tabulated below:

Block	Useful life
Trademark and copyright	3 to 10 years*
Software	2.5 to 3 years

* License is capitalised at the amounts paid to acquire the respective license for use and is amortised over the period of license.

ii. Internally generated intangible assets:

Content and Technology platform development expenditure incurred where it is reasonably certain that outcome of development will be commercially exploited to yield economic benefits to the Group, is considered as an intangible asset. Content and Technology platform development cost majorly includes salaries related to contents and technology platform capitalised during the year.

For capitalised intangible assets, estimated useful life is considered 3 years. The intangible assets are amortised over 3 years on Straight Line Method basis.

iii. Intangible assets under development comprise of cost incurred on intangible assets under development that are not ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date.

iv. Subsequent expenditures related to an item of intangible assets are added to its carrying amount when it is probable that future economic benefits deriving from the cost incurred will flow to the enterprise and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

v. The useful lives and methods of amortisation of intangible assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date to reflect the expected pattern of consumption of the future benefits

embodied in the intangible assets and in case of any changes, effect of the same is given prospectively.

e) Impairment of non-financial assets

Assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e., the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the estimated recoverable amount of the asset. An impairment loss is reversed in the statement of profit and loss if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortisation or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.

f) Non-Current assets held for sale.

The Company classifies non-current assets as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through sale rather than through continuing use and the sale is highly probable. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected within one year from the date of classification. The criteria for held for sale classification is regarded as met only when the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, subject to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets, its sale is highly probable; and it will genuinely be sold, not abandoned. The Company treats sale of the asset to be highly probable when:

i) The appropriate level of management is committed to a plan to sell the asset,

ii) An active programme to locate a buyer and complete the plan has been initiated,

iii) The asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value,

iv) The sale is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification, and

v) Actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

Non-current assets held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less costs to sell. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are presented separately in the balance sheet. Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets once classified as held for sale are not depreciated or amortised. Gains and losses on the disposal of such assets held for sale are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amounts, and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

The Deposits associated with assets held for sale are presented separately from other liabilities in the balance sheet.

g) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value.

Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:

i) Raw materials, packing materials, consumables, stores and spares are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost.

The Cost comprises of costs of purchase, duties and taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable) and other costs after deducting discounts and rebates which are incurred in bringing them to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on weighted average basis. Cost also includes the reclassification from OCI of any gains or losses on qualifying cash flow hedges relating to purchases of raw material but excludes borrowing costs.

ii) Work-in-progress/Finished goods are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes direct materials valued on weighted average basis, conversion costs (i.e. costs directly related to the units of production), appropriate proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity and other costs incurred in bringing them to their present location and condition. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

iii) Stocks in trade (Traded goods) are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes direct materials valued on weighted average basis, and other costs incurred in bringing them to their present location and condition.

iv) Scraps are valued at estimated net realisable value.

v) Cost of inventories is arrived at after providing for cost of obsolescence wherever considered necessary.

h) Borrowing Cost

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of the respective asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is an asset which necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready

for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest expenses calculated as per effective interest method, exchange difference arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are treated as an adjustment to the borrowing cost.

i) Operating Segments

The operating segments have been identified based on the conditions specified in paragraph 5 to Ind AS 108, i.e. an operating segment is a component of the Group that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the Group''s Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") to make decisions for which discrete financial information is available.

Operating Segments are reported in a manner consistent with internal reporting provided to the CODM. The Managing Director is the CODM of the Company. The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

j) Financial instruments Initial Recognition

All financial instruments are recognised initially at fair value. Transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset (other than financial assets recorded at fair value through profit or loss) are included in the fair value of the financial assets. Purchase or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trade) are recognised on trade date. However, loans and borrowings and payables are recognised net of directly attributable transaction costs and trade receivables are measured at their transaction price unless it contains a significant financing component or pricing adjustments embedded in the contract.

Classification of financial assets

Financial assets are classified as ''equity instrument'' if it is a non-derivative and meets the definition of ''equity'' for the issuer. All other non-derivative financial assets are ''debt instrument''.

Subsequent Measurement

The classification of financial instruments depends on the objective of the business model for which it is held. Management determines the classification of its financial instruments at initial recognition.

Non-derivative financial assets:Financial assets at amortised cost and the effective interest method

Debt instruments shall be measured at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:

i. the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and selling assets;

ii. the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

Debt instruments meeting these criteria are measured initially at fair value plus transaction costs.

They are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method less any impairment, with interest recognised on an effective yield basis in investment income.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receipts (including all fees on points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the debt instrument, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

The Company may irrevocably elect at initial recognition to classify a debt instrument that meets the amortised cost criteria above as at Fair Value Through Profit & Loss (FVTPL) if that designation eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch had the financial asset been measured at amortised cost.

Investment in Subsidiaries

Investments in subsidiaries are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed. Where the carrying amount of an investment is greater than its estimated recoverable amount, it is written down immediately to its recoverable amount and the difference is transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss. On disposal of investment, the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount is charged or credited to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Equity instruments

At initial recognition, an irrevocable election is made (on an instrument-by-instrument basis) to designate investments in equity instruments other than held for trading purpose at FVTOCI.

A financial asset is held for trading if:

• it has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling it in the near term; or

• on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Group manages together and has evidence of a recent actual pattern of short-term profittaking; or

• it is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument or a financial guarantee.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to the statement of profit and loss, even on sale of investment. However, the

Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. Equity investments designated as FVTOCI are not subject to impairment assessment.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all fair value changes recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Financial assets that do not meet the criteria of classifying as amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income described above, or that meet the criteria, but the entity has chosen to designate as at FVTPL at initial recognition, are measured at FVTPL.

Investments in equity instruments are classified as at FVTPL, unless the Company designates an investment that is not held for trading at FVTOCI at initial recognition.

Financial assets classified at FVTPL are initially measured at fair value excluding transaction costs.

Financial assets at FVTPL are subsequently measured at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Dividend income on investments in equity instruments at FVTPL is recognised in the statement of profit and loss in investment income when the Company''s right to receive the dividends is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity; and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

Impairment of financial assets

On initial recognition of the financial assets, a loss allowance for expected credit loss is recognised for debt instruments at amortised cost and FVTOCI. For debt instruments that are measured at FVTOCI, the loss allowance is recognised in other comprehensive income in the statement of profit and loss and does not reduce the carrying amount of the financial asset in the balance sheet.

Expected credit loss of a financial instrument is measured in a way that reflects:

i) an unbiased and probability-weighted amount that is determined by evaluating a range of possible outcomes;

ii) the time value of money; and

iii) reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort at the reporting date about past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions.

At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition.

When making the assessment, the Company compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and consider reasonable and supportable information, that is available without undue cost or effort, that is indicative of significant increases in credit risk since initial recognition.

If, at the reporting date, the credit risk on a financial instrument has not increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance for that financial instrument at an amount equal to 12-month expected credit losses. If the credit risk on that financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance for a financial instrument at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses.

The amount of expected credit losses (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date is recognised as an impairment gain or loss in the statement of profit and loss.

Derecognition of financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset on trade date only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all

the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises a collateralised borrowing for the proceeds received.

On derecognition of a financial asset other than in its entirety (e.g. when the Company retains an option to repurchase part of a transferred asset), the Company allocates the previous carrying amount of the financial asset between the part it continues to recognise under continuing involvement, and the part it no longer recognises on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts on the date of the transfer. The difference between the carrying amounts allocated to the part that is no longer recognised and the sum of the consideration received for the part no longer recognised and any cumulative gain or loss allocated to it that had been recognised in other comprehensive income is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in other comprehensive income is allocated between the part that continues to be recognised and the part that is no longer recognised on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts.

Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the Company Classification as debt or equity

Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument

Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after

deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified as either ''financial liabilities at FVTPL or ''other financial liabilities''.

Financial liabilities at FVTPL

Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is either held for trading or it is designated as at FVTPL.

A financial liability is classified as held for trading if:

i) it has been acquired or incurred principally for the purpose of repurchasing it in the near term; or

ii) on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Company manages together and for which there is evidence of a recent actual pattern of short-term profit taking; or

iii) It is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument.

A financial liability other than a financial liability held for trading may also be designated as at FVTPL upon initial recognition if:

i) such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise; or

ii) the financial liability forms part of a Company of financial assets or financial liabilities or both, which is managed and its performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with the Company''s documented risk management or investment strategy, and information about the Companying is provided internally on that basis; or

iii) It forms part of a contract containing one or more embedded derivatives, and Ind-AS 109 ''Financial Instruments'' permits the entire combined contract to be designated as at FVTPL.

Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except for the amount of change in the fair value of the financial liability that is attributable to changes in the credit risk of that liability which is recognised in other comprehensive income.

The net gain or loss recognised in the statement of profit and loss incorporates any interest paid on the financial liability.

Other financial liabilities

Other financial liabilities, including borrowings, are initially measured at fair value, net of transaction costs.

Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, with interest expense recognised on an effective yield basis.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Financial guarantee contracts

A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payments when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument.

Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are initially measured at their fair values and, if not designated as at FVTPL, are subsequently measured at the higher of:

i) the amount of loss allowance determined in accordance with impairment requirements of Ind AS 109; and

ii) the amount initially recognised less, when appropriate, the cumulative amount of income recognised in accordance with the principles of Ind AS 115.

Reclassification of financial assets and liabilities

The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no re-classification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a re-classification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company''s senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company''s operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company re-classifies financial assets, it applies the re-classification prospectively from the re-classification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not re-state any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.

Offsetting financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the balance sheet when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

Derivatives and hedge accounting

Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair value. The method of recognising the resulting gain or loss depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged.

The Company designates certain derivatives as either:

i) hedges of the fair value of recognised assets or liabilities or a firm commitment (fair value hedge);

ii) hedges of a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability or a highly probable forecast transaction (cash flow hedge); or

iii) Hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation (net investment hedge).

The Company documents at the inception of the transaction the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedging transactions. The Company also documents the nature of the risk being hedged and how the Company will assess whether the hedging relationship meets the hedge effectiveness requirements (including its analysis of the sources of hedge ineffectiveness and how it determines the hedge ratio).

The full fair value of a hedging derivative is classified as a non-current financial asset or financial liability when the residual maturity of the derivative is more than 12 months and as a current financial asset or financial liability when the residual maturity of the derivative is less than 12 months.

Fair value hedge

Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in the statement of profit and loss, together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged item that are attributable to the hedged risk.

Hedge accounting is discontinued when the Company revokes the hedging relationship, when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. The fair value adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item arising from the hedged risk is amortised to the statement of profit and loss from that date.

Cash flow hedges

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated under the heading cash flow hedging reserve. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss, and is included in the ''other gains and losses'' line item.

Amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity are reclassified to the statement of profit and loss in the periods when the hedged item affects the statement of profit and loss, in the same line as the recognised hedged item. However, when the hedged forecast transaction results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or a nonfinancial liability, the gains and losses previously recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity are transferred from equity and included in the initial measurement of the cost of the non-financial asset or non-financial liability.

Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. Any gain or loss recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognised when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognised in the statement of profit and loss. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the gain or loss accumulated in equity is recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either in the principal market for the asset or liability or in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The principal market or the most advantageous market must be accessible to the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole. The fair value hierarchy is described as below:

• Level 1 - unadjusted quoted price in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

• Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly

• Level 3 - unobservable inputs for the asset or liability

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of fair value hierarchy.

k) Revenue recognition

The Company earns revenue primarily from sale of knowledge-based information in educational

and general books, paper stationery and non-paper stationery. The Company also provides job-work services.

Revenue is recognised upon transfer of control of promised products and services to customers, when there are no longer any unfulfilled obligations, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products and services. The performance obligations in our contracts are generally fulfilled at the time of dispatch, delivery or upon formal customer acceptance depending on customer terms.

• Sale of products

Revenue is recognised at a point in time upon transfer of control of promised products to customers, which coincides with the dispatch coincides with dispatch or delivery of goods as per the relevant terms of the contract, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products. Revenue towards satisfaction of a performance obligation is measured at the amount of transaction price (net of variable consideration) allocated to that performance obligation. The transaction price of goods sold is net of variable consideration on account of various discounts and schemes offered by the Company as part of the contract.

Accumulated experience and judgement are used to estimate and provide for turnover discounts, expected cash discounts, other eligible discounts, expected returns and incentives.

Payment for the sale is made as per the credit terms in the agreements with the customers. The credit period is generally short term, thus there is no significant financing component.

• Sale of services

Revenue from services rendered is recognised at a point in time based on agreements/ arrangements with the customers. Service income is recorded net of GST. Revenue for fixed price contracts (including right to use

contents) are recognised over the contract period on straight line basis unless there is a more appropriate allocation.

Revenue from sale of educational contents in digital form is recognised as under:

o In case the sale is in the nature of right to use, the revenue is recognised at the point of time when the license for the content is activated and there are no further performance obligations.

o In case the sale is in the nature of right to access, the revenue is recognised over the license period on straight line basis unless there is more appropriate allocation.

o Contract assets are recognised when there is excess of revenue earned over billings on contracts. Contract assets are classified as unbilled receivables (only act of invoicing is pending) when there is unconditional right to receive cash, and only passage of time is required, as per contractual terms.

Unearned and deferred revenue ("contract liability") is recognised when there is a billing in excess of revenues.

• Income from power generation

Income from power generation is recognised on the basis of electrical units generated & transferred to transmission company (in excess of captive consumption) and is recognised at prescribed rate as per agreement for sale of electricity by the Company. Income from power generation is grouped under ''Other operating revenue''.

• Right to return assets:

A right of return gives the Company a contractual right to recover the goods from a customer (right to return asset) if the customer exercises its option to return the goods and obtain a refund. The asset is measured at the carrying amount of the inventory, less any expected costs to recover the goods, including any potential decreases in the value of the

returned goods. The Company has presented its right to return assets under other current assets.

• Refund liability

A refund liability is the obligation to refund part or all of the consideration received (or receivable) from the customer. The Company has therefore recognised refund liabilities in respect of customer''s right to return. The liability is measured at the amount the Company ultimately expects it will have to return to the customer. The Company updates its estimate of refund liabilities (and the corresponding change in the transaction price) at the end of each reporting period. The Company has presented its refund liabilities under other provisions.

• Other income

o Interest income in respect of all the debt instruments, financial guarantees and deposits which are measured at amortised cost or at fair value through profit and loss or at fair value through other comprehensive income, is recorded using effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability.

o Dividend income on investment is accounted for in the year in which the right to receive the payment is established.

l) Government grants

Government grants are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attaching to them and that the grants will be received.

Incentives on exports related to operations as provided by government are recognised in books after due consideration of certainty of utilisation/ receipt of such incentive.

m) Trade receivables

Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for goods sold or services performed in the ordinary course of business. If the receivable is expected to be collected within a period of 12 months or less from the reporting date (or in the normal operating cycle of the business, if longer), they are classified as current assets, otherwise as non-current assets.

Trade receivables are measured at their transaction price unless it contains a significant financing component or pricing adjustments embedded in the contract.

Loss allowance for expected lifetime credit loss is recognised on initial recognition.

n) Foreign currency transactions

Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. As at the Balance Sheet date, foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are translated at closing exchange rate. The gains or losses resulting from such translations are included in net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and measured at fair value are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary assets and nonmonetary liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and measured at historical cost are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date of the transaction.

Transaction gains or losses realised upon settlement of foreign currency transactions are included in determining net profit for the period in which the transaction is settled. Revenue, expense and cash flow items denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the relevant functional currencies using the exchange rate in effect on the date of the transaction.

As per Appendix B to Ind AS 21, when an entity has received or paid advance contribution in a foreign currency, transaction rate as on the date of receipt of advance is considered for recognition of related asset, expenses or income.

o) Employee benefits

i) Short term employee benefits

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees'' services up to the end of the reporting and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.

ii) Post-employment benefits

a) Defined Contribution Plan

The defined contribution plan is a postemployment benefit plan under which the Company contributes fixed contribution to a government administered fund and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further contribution. The Company''s defined contribution plan comprises of Provident Fund and Labour Welfare Fund. The Company''s contribution to defined contribution plans is recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the employee renders the related services.

b) Defined benefit plan

The Company has defined benefit plans comprising of gratuity. Company''s obligation towards gratuity liability is funded and is managed by Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) except in case of demerged undertaking taken over by the Company from subsidiary ''Navneet Futuretech Limited. The present value of the defined benefit obligations is determined based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. The rate used to discount defined benefit obligation is determined by reference to market yields at the Balance Sheet date on Indian Government Bonds for the estimated term of obligations.

Re-measurements comprising of (a) actuarial gains and losses, (b) the effect of the asset ceiling (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability) and (c) the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability) are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to statement of profit and loss in subsequent periods.

The return on plan assets is the Company''s expectation of an average long-term rate of return on the investment of the fund over the entire life of the related obligation. Plan assets are measured at fair value as at the Balance Sheet date.

The interest cost on defined benefit obligation and return on plan assets is recognised under finance cost.

Gains or losses on the curtailment or settlement of defined benefit plan are recognised when the curtailment or settlement occurs.

iii) Compensated absences

The Company has benefits in the form of compensated absences. The present value of such compensated absences is determined based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. The rate used to discount defined benefit obligation is determined by reference to market yields at the Balance Sheet date on Indian Government Bonds for the estimated term of obligations.

Actuarial gains or losses arising on account of experience adjustment and the effect of changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss as income or expense.

Gains or losses on the curtailment or settlement are recognised when the curtailment or settlement occurs.

p) Leases

The Company had adopted Ind AS 116 ''Leases''

effective from 1^st April, 2019, as notified by the

Ministry of Corporate Affairs in the Companies

(Indian Accounting Standard) Amendment Rules,

2019.

As a Lessee

o The Company''s lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for office premises, warehouses, vehicles and computers.

o At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

o At commencement or on modification of a contract that contains a lease component, the Company allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease and non-lease component on the basis of their relative standalone prices.

o The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprise of the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date net of lease incentive received, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located.

o The right-of-use assets are subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation, accumulated impairment losses, if any and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability. The right-of-use asset is depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date over the shorter of lease term of right-of-use asset.

o The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date,

discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company''s incremental borrowing rate. The lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

o The Company has elected not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases of low-value assets and short-term leases. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

o The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease, together with both periods covered by an option to extend the lease if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and periods covered by an option to terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise that option. In assessing whether the Company is reasonably certain to exercise an option to extend a lease, or not to exercise an option to terminate a lease, it considers all relevant facts and circumstances that create an economic incentive for the Company to exercise the option to extend the lease, or not to exercise the option to terminate the lease. The Company revises the lease term if there is a change in the non-cancellable period of a lease.

o Right-of-use assets and lease liability balances are adjusted on partial/full termination of lease and corresponding gain/loss on such partial/full termination is charged to other income/other expenses in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

As a Lessor

Lease income from operating leases where the Company is a lessor is recognised (net of GST) in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The respective leased assets are included in the balance sheet based on their nature.

q) Taxes on income

Tax expenses for the year comprises of current tax, deferred tax charge or credit and

adjustments of taxes for earlier years. In respect of amounts adjusted outside profit or loss (i.e., in other comprehensive income or equity), the corresponding tax effect, if any, is also adjusted outside profit or loss.

The current Income Tax expense charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted at the end of the reporting period. Management establishes proper provisions on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Deferred Income Tax is provided in full, using the Balance Sheet Method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. Deferred income tax is determined using the tax rates that have been enacted at the end of the reporting period.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset

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Mar 31, 2023

COMPANY OVERVIEW, NATURE OF ENTITY''S OPERATIONS AND ITS PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

Navneet Education Limited (‘the Company'') is a public limited Company incorporated and domiciled in India and has its registered office at Navneet Bhavan, Near Shardasharam Society, Bhavani Shankar Road, Dadar, Mumbai - 400028, Maharashtra, India. The Company is listed on Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange.

The Company is a leading manufacturer of Maharashtra and Gujarat State Board Publication books and Stationery Products. The Publishing segment consists of supplementary books such as workbooks, guides, and question banks which are based on the latest prescribed syllabus by state education boards under the brand name of ‘Vikas'' and ‘Gala''. The stationery business consists of paper based and nonpaper-based stationery under the brand names ‘Navneet'' and ‘Youva''.

The financial statements of the Company for the year ended 31^st March, 2023 were approved and adopted by the board of directors of the Company in their meeting dated 16^th May 2023.

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND KEY ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGMENTS2.1 Basis of preparation

a) Statement of Compliance

The financial statements (on standalone basis) of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (‘the Act'') read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendment rules issued thereafter.

Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.

b) Functional and presentation currency

Items included in the financial statements of the Company are measured using the currency of

the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (‘the functional currency''). The financial statements are prepared in '' which is the functional and presentation currency. All amounts are rounded to nearest Lakhs except when otherwise mentioned. Figures of '' 50,000 or less have been denoted by #.

c) Basis of measurement

The financial statements have been prepared under historical cost convention basis, except for the following material items which are measured at fair value as required by relevant Ind AS:

i) Certain financial assets and financial liabilities (including derivative instruments) [Refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments in note no. 2.2(i)]

ii) Defined benefit plans

2.2 Significant Accounting policiesa) Presentation and disclosure of financial statements

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current and non-current as per the Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the division II of Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013, for a Company whose financial statements are made in compliance with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendment rules issued thereafter. Based on the nature of business and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, 12 months have been considered by the Company for the purpose of current / non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities as the case may be.

b) Property, plant and equipment & Depreciation

i) All Property, Plant and Equipment are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated

depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Cost of property, plant and equipment includes non-refundable taxes and duties, borrowing cost directly attributable to the qualifying asset and any directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working condition and location and present value of the expected cost for the dismantling/decommissioning of the asset.

ii) Capital work-in-progress comprises of cost incurred on property, plant and equipment not yet ready for their intended use at the Balance Sheet date. Advances paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each balance sheet date are classified as capital advances under other non-current assets.

iii) Property, plant and equipment are eliminated from financial statements, either on disposal or when retired from active use. Losses arising in the case of retirement of property, plant and equipment and gains or losses arising from disposal of property, plant and equipment are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the year of occurrence.

iv) Subsequent expenditures relating to property, plant and equipment are capitalised only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with these, will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. Repairs and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred.

v) When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as a separate item (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

vi) The carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment shall be derecognised:

(a) on disposal; or

(b) when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal

vii) Depreciation on property, plant and equipment

a) Depreciation on property, plant and equipment (other than freehold land and capital work in progress) is provided on WDV over the useful lives of the relevant assets net of residual value whose lives are in consonance with the lives mentioned in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013, except the case where individual assets whose cost does not exceed ten thousand rupees has been provided fully in the year of capitalisation.

b) In the case of assets purchased, sold or discarded during the year, depreciation on such assets is calculated on a prorata basis from the date of such addition or as the case may be, upto the date on which such asset has been sold or discarded.

c) The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each balance sheet date to reflect the expected pattern of consumption of the future benefits embodied in the properties, plant and equipment and in case of any changes, effect of the same is given prospectively.

d) Depreciation of an asset ceases at the earlier of the date that the asset is classified as held for sale (or included in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with Ind AS 105 and the date that the asset is derecognised.

c) Investment properties & Depreciation on investment properties

i) Property (Land or a Building or part of a building or both and related equipment''s & furniture) that are held for long term rental yields or for capital appreciation or both, rather than for:

a) Use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes; or

b) Sale in the ordinary course of business.

are recognised as investment property in books of

account.

ii) Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Cost of investment properties includes nonrefundable taxes and duties, borrowing cost directly attributable to the qualifying asset and any directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working condition and location and present value of any obligatory decommissioning cost for its intended use.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised to the asset''s carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with these will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred.

iii) Depreciation on investment properties

a) Depreciation on investment properties is provided on WDV over the useful life of the relevant assets net of residual value whose life is in consonance with the life mentioned in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.

b) In the case of investment property purchased, sold or discarded during the year, depreciation on such investment property is calculated on pro-rata basis from the date of such addition or as the case may be, upto the date on which such investment property has been sold or discarded.

c) The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of investment properties are reviewed at each balance sheet date to reflect the expected pattern of consumption of the future benefits

embodied in the investment properties and in case of any changes, effect of the same is given prospectively.

d) Intangible assets & Amortisation

i) Intangible assets are recognised when the entity controls the asset, it is probable that future economic benefits attributed to the asset will flow to the entity and the cost of the asset can be reliably measured. At initial recognition, intangible assets are recognised at cost. Intangible assets are stated at cost of development and / or consideration paid for acquisition less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

ii) Amortisation of intangible assets is provided on straight line basis over the estimated useful life as tabulated below:

Block	Useful life
Trademark and copyright	10 years*
Software	3 years
Digital Content	3 years

* In case where right to use copyright is available for less than 10 years, intangible asset is amortised over the available usage period on straight line basis or any other basis which is appropriate.

iii) The useful lives and methods of amortisation of intangible assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date to reflect the expected pattern of consumption of the future benefits embodied in the intangible assets and in case of any changes, effect of the same is given prospectively.

iv) Subsequent expenditure related to item of intangible asset are added to its carrying amount when it is probable that future economic benefits deriving from the cost incurred will flow to the enterprise and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

v) Intangible assets under development comprises of cost incurred on intangible assets under development that are not ready for their intended use as at the balance sheet date.

e) Impairment of non-financial assets

Assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e., the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the estimated recoverable amount of the asset. An impairment loss is reversed in the statement of profit and loss if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortisation or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.

f) Non-Current assets held for sale

The Company classifies non-current assets as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through sale rather than through continuing use and the sale is highly probable. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected within one year from the date of classification. The criteria for held for sale classification is regarded as met only when the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, subject to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets, its sale is highly probable; and it will genuinely be sold, not abandoned. The Company treats sale of the asset to be highly probable when:

i) The appropriate level of management is committed to a plan to sell the asset,

ii) An active programme to locate a buyer and complete the plan has been initiated,

iii) The asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value,

iv) The sale is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification, and

v) Actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

Non-current assets held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less costs to sell. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are presented separately in the balance sheet. Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets once classified as held for sale are not depreciated or amortised. Gains and losses on the disposal of such assets held for sale are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amounts, and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

The Deposits associated with assets held for sale are presented separately from other liabilities in the balance sheet.

g) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value.

Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:

i) Raw materials, packing materials, consumables, stores and spares are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost.

The Cost comprises of costs of purchase, duties and taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable) and other costs after deducting discounts and rebates which are incurred in bringing them to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on weighted average basis. Cost also includes the reclassification from OCI of any gains or losses on qualifying cash flow hedges relating to purchases of raw material but excludes borrowing costs.

ii) Work-in-progress / Finished goods are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes direct materials valued on weighted average basis, conversion costs (i.e. costs directly related to the units of production), appropriate proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity and other costs incurred in bringing them to their present location and condition. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

iii) Stocks in trade (Traded goods) are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes direct materials valued on weighted average basis, and other costs incurred in bringing them to their present location and condition.

iv) Scraps are valued at estimated net realisable value.

v) Cost of inventories is arrived at after providing for cost of obsolescence wherever considered necessary.

h) Borrowing Cost

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of the respective asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is an asset which necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest expenses calculated as per effective interest method, exchange difference arising from foreign currency borrowings to the

extent they are treated as an adjustment to the borrowing cost.

i) Operating Segments

The operating segments have been identified based on the conditions specified in paragraph 5 to Ind AS 108, i.e. an operating segment is a component of the Group that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the Group''s Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") to make decisions for which discrete financial information is available.

Operating Segments are reported in a manner consistent with internal reporting provided to the CODM. The Managing Director is the CODM of the Company. The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

j) Financial instruments Initial Recognition

All financial instruments are recognised initially at fair value. Transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset (other than financial assets recorded at fair value through profit or loss) are included in the fair value of the financial assets. Purchase or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trade) are recognised on trade date. However, loans and borrowings and payables are recognised net of directly attributable transaction costs and trade receivables are measured at their transaction price unless it contains a significant financing component or pricing adjustments embedded in the contract.

Classification of financial assets

Financial assets are classified as ‘equity instrument'' if it is a non-derivative and meets the definition of ‘equity'' for the issuer. All other nonderivative financial assets are ‘debt instrument''.

Subsequent Measurement

The classification of financial instruments depends on the objective of the business model for which it is held. Management determines the classification of its financial instruments at initial recognition.

Non-derivative financial assets:Financial assets at amortised cost and the effective interest method

Debt instruments shall be measured at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:

i. the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and selling assets;

ii. the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

Debt instruments meeting these criteria are measured initially at fair value plus transaction costs.

They are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method less any impairment, with interest recognised on an effective yield basis in investment income.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receipts (including all fees on points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the debt instrument, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

The Company may irrevocably elect at initial recognition to classify a debt instrument that meets the amortised cost criteria above as at Fair Value Through Profit & Loss (FVTPL) if that designation eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch had the financial asset been measured at amortised cost.

Investment in Subsidiaries

Investments in subsidiaries are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed. Where the carrying amount of an investment is greater than its estimated recoverable amount, it is written down immediately to its recoverable amount and the difference is transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss. On disposal of investment, the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount is charged or credited to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Equity instruments

At initial recognition, an irrevocable election is made (on an instrument-by-instrument basis) to designate investments in equity instruments other than held for trading purpose at FVTOCI.

A financial asset is held for trading if:

• it has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling it in the near term; or

• on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Group manages together and has evidence of a recent actual pattern of short-term profittaking; or

• it is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument or a financial guarantee.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to the statement of profit and loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. Equity investments designated as FVTOCI are not subject to impairment assessment.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all fair value changes recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial assets that do not meet the criteria of classifying as amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income described above, or that meet the criteria but the entity has chosen to designate as at FVTPL at initial recognition, are measured at FVTPL.

Investments in equity instruments are classified as at FVTPL, unless the Company designates an investment that is not held for trading at FVTOCI at initial recognition.

Financial assets classified at FVTPL are initially measured at fair value excluding transaction costs.

Financial assets at FVTPL are subsequently measured at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Dividend income on investments in equity instruments at FVTPL is recognised in the statement of profit and loss in investment income when the Company''s right to receive the dividends is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity; and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

Impairment of financial assets

On initial recognition of the financial assets, a loss allowance for expected credit loss is recognised for debt instruments at amortised cost and FVTOCI. For debt instruments that are measured at FVTOCI, the loss allowance is recognised in other comprehensive income in the statement of profit and loss and does not reduce the carrying amount of the financial asset in the balance sheet.

Expected credit loss of a financial instrument is measured in a way that reflects:

i) an unbiased and probability-weighted amount that is determined by evaluating a range of possible outcomes;

ii) the time value of money; and

iii) reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort at the reporting date about past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions.

At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition.

When making the assessment, the Company compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and consider reasonable and supportable information, that is available without undue cost or effort, that is indicative of significant increases in credit risk since initial recognition.

If, at the reporting date, the credit risk on a financial instrument has not increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance for that financial instrument at an amount equal to 12-month expected credit losses. If, the credit risk on that financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance for a financial instrument at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses.

The amount of expected credit losses (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date is recognised as an impairment gain or loss in the statement of profit and loss.

Derecognition of financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset on trade date only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the

Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises a collateralised borrowing for the proceeds received.

On derecognition of a financial asset other than in its entirety (e.g. when the Company retains an option to repurchase part of a transferred asset), the Company allocates the previous carrying amount of the financial asset between the part it continues to recognise under continuing involvement, and the part it no longer recognises on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts on the date of the transfer. The difference between the carrying amounts allocated to the part that is no longer recognised and the sum of the consideration received for the part no longer recognised and any cumulative gain or loss allocated to it that had been recognised in other comprehensive income is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in other comprehensive income is allocated between the part that continues to be recognised and the part that is no longer recognised on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts.

Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the CompanyClassification as debt or equity

Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified as either ‘financial liabilities at FVTPL'' or ‘other financial liabilities''.

Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is either held for trading or it is designated as at FVTPL.

A financial liability is classified as held for trading if:

i) it has been acquired or incurred principally for the purpose of repurchasing it in the near term; or

ii) on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Company manages together and for which there is evidence of a recent actual pattern of short-term profit taking; or

iii) It is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument.

A financial liability other than a financial liability held for trading may also be designated as at FVTPL upon initial recognition if:

i) such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise; or

ii) the financial liability forms part of a Company of financial assets or financial liabilities or both, which is managed and its performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with the Company''s documented risk management or investment strategy, and information about the Companying is provided internally on that basis; or

iii) It forms part of a contract containing one or more embedded derivatives, and Ind-AS 109 ‘Financial Instruments'' permits the entire combined contract to be designated as at FVTPL.

Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except for the amount of change in the fair value of the financial liability that is attributable to changes in the credit risk of that liability which is recognised in other comprehensive income.

The net gain or loss recognised in the statement of profit and loss incorporates any interest paid on the financial liability.

Other financial liabilities

Other financial liabilities, including borrowings, are initially measured at fair value, net of transaction costs.

Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, with interest expense recognised on an effective yield basis.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Financial guarantee contracts

A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payments when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument.

Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are initially measured at their fair values and, if not designated as at FVTPL, are subsequently measured at the higher of:

i) the amount of loss allowance determined in accordance with impairment requirements of Ind AS 109; and

ii) the amount initially recognised less, when appropriate, the cumulative amount of income recognised in accordance with the principles of Ind AS 115.

Reclassification of financial assets and liabilities

The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no re-classification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments

and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a re-classification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company''s senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company''s operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company re-classifies financial assets, it applies the re-classification prospectively from the re-classification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not re-state any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.

Offsetting financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the balance sheet when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

Derivatives and hedge accounting

Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair value. The method of recognising the resulting gain or loss depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged.

The Company designates certain derivatives as either:

i) hedges of the fair value of recognised assets or liabilities or a firm commitment (fair value hedge);

ii) hedges of a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability or a highly probable forecast transaction (cash flow hedge); or

iii) Hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation (net investment hedge).

The Company documents at the inception of the transaction the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedging transactions. The Company also documents the nature of the risk being hedged and how the Company will assess whether the hedging relationship meets the hedge effectiveness requirements (including its analysis of the sources of hedge ineffectiveness and how it determines the hedge ratio).

The full fair value of a hedging derivative is classified as a non-current financial asset or financial liability when the residual maturity of the derivative is more than 12 months and as a current financial asset or financial liability when the residual maturity of the derivative is less than 12 months.

Fair value hedge

Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in the statement of profit and loss, together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged item that are attributable to the hedged risk.

Hedge accounting is discontinued when the Company revokes the hedging relationship, when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. The fair value adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item arising from the hedged risk is amortised to the statement of profit and loss from that date.

Cash flow hedges

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognised in other comprehensive

income and accumulated under the heading cash flow hedging reserve. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss, and is included in the ‘other gains and losses'' line item.

Amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity are reclassified to the statement of profit and loss in the periods when the hedged item affects the statement of profit and loss, in the same line as the recognised hedged item. However, when the hedged forecast transaction results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or a nonfinancial liability, the gains and losses previously recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity are transferred from equity and included in the initial measurement of the cost of the non-financial asset or non-financial liability.

Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. Any gain or loss recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognised when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognised in the statement of profit and loss. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the gain or loss accumulated in equity is recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either in the principal market for the asset or liability or in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The principal market or the most advantageous market must be accessible to the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability,

assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole. The fair value hierarchy is described as below:

• Level 1 - unadjusted quoted price in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

• Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

• Level 3 - unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of fair value hierarchy.

k) Revenue recognition

The Company earns revenue primarily from sale of knowledge based information in educational and general books, paper stationery and non-paper

stationery. The Company also provides job-work services.

Revenue is recognised upon transfer of control of promised products and services to customers, when there are no longer any unfulfilled obligations, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products and services. The performance obligations in our contracts are generally fulfilled at the time of dispatch, delivery or upon formal customer acceptance depending on customer terms.

• Sale of products

Revenue is recognised at a point in time upon transfer of control of promised products to customers, which coincides with the dispatch coincides with dispatch or delivery of goods as per the relevant terms of the contract, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products. Revenue towards satisfaction of a performance obligation is measured at the amount of transaction price (net of variable consideration) allocated to that performance obligation. The transaction price of goods sold is net of variable consideration on account of various discounts and schemes offered by the Company as part of the contract.

Accumulated experience and judgement are used to estimate and provide for turnover discounts, expected cash discounts, other eligible discounts, expected returns and incentives.

Payment for the sale is made as per the credit terms in the agreements with the customers. The credit period is generally short term, thus there is no significant financing component.

• Sale of services

Revenue from services rendered (including job work charges) is recognised at a point in time based on agreements / arrangements with the customers. Service income is recorded net of GST. Revenue for fixed price contracts (including right to use contents)

are recognised over the contract period on straight line basis unless there is a more appropriate allocation.

• Income from power generation

Income from power generation is recognised on the basis of electrical units generated & transferred to transmission company (in excess of captive consumption) and is recognised at prescribed rate as per agreement for sale of electricity by the Company. Income from power generation is grouped under ‘Other operating revenue''.

• Right to return assets:

A right of return gives the Company a contractual right to recover the goods from a customer (right to return asset) if the customer exercises its option to return the goods and obtain a refund. The asset is measured at the carrying amount of the inventory, less any expected costs to recover the goods, including any potential decreases in the value of the returned goods. The Company has presented its right to return assets under ‘other current assets''.

• Refund liability

A refund liability is the obligation to refund part or all of the consideration received (or receivable) from the customer. The Company has therefore recognised refund liabilities in respect of customer''s right to return. The liability is measured at the amount the Company ultimately expects it will have to return to the customer. The Company updates its estimate of refund liabilities (and the corresponding change in the transaction price) at the end of each reporting period. The Company has presented its refund liabilities under ‘other provisions''.

• Other income

o Interest income in respect of all the debt instruments, financial guarantees and deposits which are measured at amortised cost or at fair value through profit and loss or at fair value through

other comprehensive income, is recorded using effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability.

o Dividend income on investment is accounted for in the year in which the right to receive the payment is established.

l) Government grants

Government grants are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attaching to them and that the grants will be received.

Incentives on exports related to operations as provided by government are recognised in books after due consideration of certainty of utilisation / receipt of such incentive.

m) Trade receivables

Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for goods sold or services performed in the ordinary course of business. If the receivable is expected to be collected within a period of 12 months or less from the reporting date (or in the normal operating cycle of the business, if longer), they are classified as current assets, otherwise as non-current assets.

Trade receivables are measured at their transaction price unless it contains a significant financing component or pricing adjustments embedded in the contract.

Loss allowance for expected lifetime credit loss is recognised on initial recognition.

n) Foreign currency transactions

Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. As at the Balance Sheet date, foreign currency monetary assets

and liabilities are translated at closing exchange rate. The gains or losses resulting from such translations are included in net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and measured at fair value are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and measured at historical cost are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date of the transaction.

Transaction gains or losses realised upon settlement of foreign currency transactions are included in determining net profit for the period in which the transaction is settled. Revenue, expense and cash flow items denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the relevant functional currencies using the exchange rate in effect on the date of the transaction.

As per Appendix B to Ind AS 21, when an entity has received or paid advance contribution in a foreign currency, transaction rate as on the date of receipt of advance is considered for recognition of related asset, expenses or income.

o) Employee benefits

i) Short term employee benefits

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees'' services up to the end of the reporting and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.

ii) Post-employment benefits

a) Defined Contribution Plan

The defined contribution plan is a postemployment benefit plan under which the

Company contributes fixed contribution to a government administered fund and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further contribution. The Company''s defined contribution plan comprises of Provident Fund and Labour Welfare Fund. The Company''s contribution to defined contribution plans are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the employee renders the related services.

b) Defined benefit plan

The Company has defined benefit plans comprising of gratuity. Company''s obligation towards gratuity liability is funded and is managed by Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). The present value of the defined benefit obligations is determined based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. The rate used to discount defined benefit obligation is determined by reference to market yields at the Balance Sheet date on Indian Government Bonds for the estimated term of obligations.

Re-measurements comprising of

(a) actuarial gains and losses,

(b) the effect of the asset ceiling (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability) and (c) the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability) are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to statement of profit and loss in subsequent periods.

The return on plan assets is the Company''s expectation of an average long-term rate of return on the investment of the fund over the entire life

of the related obligation. Plan assets are measured at fair value as at the Balance Sheet date.

The interest cost on defined benefit obligation and return on plan assets is recognised under finance cost.

Gains or losses on the curtailment or settlement of defined benefit plan are recognised when the curtailment or settlement occurs.

iii) Compensated absences

The Company has benefits in the form of compensated absences. The present value of such compensated absences is determined based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. The rate used to discount defined benefit obligation is determined by reference to market yields at the Balance Sheet date on Indian Government Bonds for the estimated term of obligations.

Actuarial gains or losses arising on account of experience adjustment and the effect of changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss as income or expense.

Gains or losses on the curtailment or settlement are recognised when the curtailment or settlement occurs.

p) Leases

The Company had adopted Ind AS 116 ‘Leases'' effective from 1^st April 2019, as notified by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs in the Companies (Indian Accounting Standard) Amendment Rules, 2019.

As a Lessee

o The Company''s lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for office premises, warehouses, vehicles and computers.

o At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the

use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

o At commencement or on modification of a contract that contains a lease component, the Company allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease and non-lease component on the basis of their relative stand-alone prices.

o The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprise of the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date net of lease incentive received, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located.

o The right-of-use assets are subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation, accumulated impairment losses, if any and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liability. The right-of-use asset is depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date over the shorter of lease term of right-of-use asset.

o The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company''s incremental borrowing rate. The lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

o The Company has elected not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases of low-value assets and short-term leases. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

o The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease, together with both periods covered by an option to extend the lease if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and periods covered by an option to terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise that option. In assessing whether the Company is reasonably certain to exercise an option to extend a lease, or not to exercise an option to terminate a lease, it considers all relevant facts and circumstances that create an economic incentive for the Company to exercise the option to extend the lease, or not to exercise the option to terminate the lease. The Company revises the lease term if there is a change in the non-cancellable period of a lease.

o Right-of-use assets and lease liability balances are adjusted on partial / full termination of lease and corresponding gain / loss on such partial / full termination is charged to other income / other expenses in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

As a Lessor:

Lease income from operating leases where the company is a lessor is recognised (net of GST) in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The respective leased assets are included in the balance sheet based on their nature.

q) Taxes on income

Tax expenses for the year comprises of current tax, deferred tax charge or credit and adjustments of taxes for earlier years. In respect of amounts adjusted outside profit or loss (i.e., in other comprehensive income or equity), the corresponding tax effect, if any, is also adjusted outside profit or loss.

The current Income Tax expense charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted at the end of the reporting period. Management establishes proper provisions on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Deferred Income Tax is provided in full, using the Balance Sheet Method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. Deferred income tax is determined using the tax rates that have been enacted at the end of the reporting period.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Current and deferred tax is recognised in the statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in Equity, respectively.

Uncertain Tax position

Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation and considers whether it is probable that a taxation authority will accept an uncertain tax treatment. The Company measures its tax balances either based on the most likely amount or the expected value, depending on which method provides a better prediction of the resolution of the uncertainty.

r) Cash and cash equivalents

For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, other short term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of ca

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Mar 31, 2022

1. Company overview, nature of entity''s operations and its principal activities

Navneet Education Limited (‘the Company'') is a public limited Company incorporated and domiciled in India and has its registered office at Navneet Bhavan, near Shardasharam Society, Bhavani Shankar Road, Dadar, Mumbai - 400028, Maharashtra, India. The Company is listed on Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange.

The Company is a leading manufacturer of Maharashtra and Gujarat State Board Publication books and also Stationery Products. The Publishing segment consists of supplementary books such as workbooks, guides, and question banks which are based on the latest prescribed syllabus by state education boards under the brand name of ‘Vikas'' and ‘Gala''. The stationery business consists of paper based and non-paper based stationery under the brand names ‘Navneet'' and ‘Youva''.

The financial statements of the Company for the year ended 31st March, 2022 were approved and adopted by board of directors of the Company in their meeting dated 18th May, 2022.

2. Significant Accounting Policies and Key Accounting Estimates and Judgments2.1 Basis of preparation

a) Statement of Compliance

The financial statements (on standalone basis) of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (‘the Act'') read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendment rules issued thereafter.

Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in the accounting policy hitherto in use.

b) Functional and presentation currency

Items included in the financial statements of the Company are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (‘the functional currency''). The financial statements are prepared in '' which is the functional and presentation currency. All amounts are rounded to the nearest lakhs except when otherwise mentioned. Figures less than '' 50,000 denoted by #.

c) Basis of measurement

The financial statements have been prepared under historical cost convention basis, except for the following material items which are measured at fair value as required by relevant Ind AS:

i) Certain financial assets and financial liabilities (including derivative instruments) [Refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments in note no. 2.2Q]

ii) Defined benefit plans

2.2 Significant Accounting policiesa) Presentation and disclosure of financial statements

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current and non-current as per the Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the division II of Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013, for a Company whose financial statements are made in compliance with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendment rules issued thereafter. Based on the nature of business and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents, 12 months has been considered by the Company for the purpose of current / noncurrent classification of assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities as the case may be.

b) Property, plant and equipment & Depreciation

i) All Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Cost of property, plant and equipment includes non-refundable taxes and duties, borrowing cost directly attributable to the qualifying asset and any directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working condition and location and present value of the expected cost for the dismantling/ decommissioning of the asset.

ii) Capital work-in-progress comprises of cost incurred on property, plant and equipment not yet ready for their intended use at the Balance Sheet date. Advances paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each balance sheet date is classified as capital advances under other non-current assets.

iii) Property, plant and equipment are eliminated from financial statement, either on disposal or when retired from active use. Losses arising in the case of retirement of property, plant and equipment and gains or losses arising from disposal of property, plant and equipment are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the year of occurrence.

iv) Subsequent expenditures relating to property, plant and equipment is capitalised only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with these, will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. Repairs and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred.

v) When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as a separate item (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

vi) The carrying amount of an item of property, plant and equipment shall be derecognised:

(a) on disposal; or

(b) when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal

vii) Depreciation on property, plant and equipment

a) Depreciation on property, plant and equipment (other than freehold land and capital work in progress) is provided on WDV over the useful lives of the relevant assets net of residual value whose lives are in consonance with the lives mentioned in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013, except the case where individual assets whose cost does not exceed ten thousand rupees has been provided fully in the year of capitalisation.

b) In the case of assets purchased, sold or discarded during the year, depreciation on such assets is calculated on pro-rata basis from the date of such addition or as the case may be, upto the date on which such asset has been sold or discarded.

c) The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each balance sheet date to reflect the expected pattern of consumption of the future benefits embodied in the properties, plant and equipment and in case of any changes, effect of the same is given prospectively.

d) Depreciation of an asset ceases at the earlier of the date that the asset is classified as held for sale (or included in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with Ind AS 105 and the date that the asset is derecognised.

c) Investment properties & Depreciation on investment properties

i) Property (Land or a Building or part of a building or both and related equipments & furniture) that are held for long term rental

yields or for capital appreciation or both, rather than for:

a) Use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes; or

b) Sale in the ordinary course of business.

are recognised as investment property in books of account.

ii) Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Cost of investment properties includes nonrefundable taxes and duties, borrowing cost directly attributable to the qualifying asset and any directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working condition and location and present value of any obligatory decommissioning cost for its intended use.

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised to the asset''s carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with these, will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance costs are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred.

iii) Depreciation on investment properties

a) Depreciation on investment properties is provided on WDV over the useful life of the relevant assets net of residual value whose life is in consonance with the life mentioned in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.

b) In the case of investment property purchased, sold or discarded during the year, depreciation on such investment property is calculated on pro-rata basis from the date of such addition or as the case may be, upto the date on which such investment property has been sold or discarded.

c) The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of investment properties are reviewed at each balance

sheet date to reflect the expected pattern of consumption of the future benefits embodied in the investment properties and in case of any changes, effect of the same is given prospectively.

d) Intangible assets & Amortisation

i) Intangible assets are recognised when the entity controls the asset, it is probable that future economic benefits attributed to the asset will flow to the entity and the cost of the asset can be reliably measured. At initial recognition, intangible assets are recognised at cost. Intangible assets are stated at cost of development and / or consideration paid for acquisition less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

ii) Amortisation of intangible assets is provided on straight line basis over the estimated useful life as tabulated below:

Block	Useful life
Trademark and copyright	10 years*
Software	3 years

* In case where right to use copyright is available for less than 10 years, intangible asset is amortised over the available usage period on straight line basis or any other basis which is appropriate.

iii) The useful lives and methods of amortisation of intangible assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date to reflect the expected pattern of consumption of the future benefits embodied in the intangible assets and in case of any changes, effect of the same is given prospectively.

e) Impairment of non-financial assets

Assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the

recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the estimated recoverable amount of the asset. An impairment loss is reversed in the statement of profit and loss if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortisation or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.

f) Non-Current assets held for sale

The Company classifies non-current assets as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through sale rather than through continuing use and the sale is highly probable. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected within one year from the date of classification. The criteria for held for sale classification is regarded as met only when the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, subject to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets, its sale is highly probable; and it will genuinely be sold, not abandoned. The Company treats sale of the asset to be highly probable when:

i) The appropriate level of management is committed to a plan to sell the asset,

ii) An active programme to locate a buyer and complete the plan has been initiated,

iii) The asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value,

iv) The sale is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification, and

v) Actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

Non-current assets held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less costs to sell. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are presented separately in the balance sheet. Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets once classified as held for sale are not depreciated or amortised. Gains and losses on disposals of such assets held for sale are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amounts, and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

The Deposits associated with assets held for sale are presented separately from other liabilities in the balance sheet.

g) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value.

Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:

i) Raw materials, packing materials, consumables, stores and spares are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost.

The Cost comprises of costs of purchase, duties and taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable) and other costs after deducting discounts and rebates which are incurred in bringing them to their present location and condition. Cost is determined on weighted average basis. Cost also includes the reclassification from OCI of any gains or losses on qualifying cash flow hedges relating to purchases of raw material but excludes borrowing costs.

ii) Work-in-progress / Finished goods are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes direct materials valued on weighted average basis, conversion costs (i.e. costs directly related to the units of production), appropriate proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating

capacity and other costs incurred in bringing them to their present location and condition. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

iii) Stocks in trade (Traded goods) are valued at lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes direct materials valued on weighted average basis, and other costs incurred in bringing them to their present location and condition.

iv) Scraps are valued at estimated net realisable value.

v) Cost of inventories is arrived at after providing for cost of obsolescence wherever considered necessary.

h) Borrowing Cost

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised as part of the cost of the respective asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is an asset which necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest expenses calculated as per effective interest method, exchange difference arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are treated as an adjustment to the borrowing cost.

i) Operating Segments

The operating segments have been identified based on the conditions specified in paragraph 5 to Ind AS 108, i.e. an operating segment is a component of the Group that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the Group''s Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") to make decisions for which discrete financial information is available.

Operating Segments are reported in a manner consistent with internal reporting provided to the

CODM. The Managing Director is the CODM of the Company. The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

j) Financial instruments Initial Recognition

All financial instruments are recognised initially at fair value. Transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset (other than financial assets recorded at fair value through profit or loss) are included in the fair value of the financial assets. Purchase or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trade) are recognised on trade date. While, loans and borrowings and payables are recognised net of directly attributable transaction costs.

Classification of financial assets

Financial assets are classified as ‘equity instrument'' if it is a non-derivative and meets the definition of ‘equity'' for the issuer. All other nonderivative financial assets are ‘debt instrument''.

Subsequent Measurement

The classification of financial instruments depends on the objective of the business model for which it is held. Management determines the classification of its financial instruments at initial recognition.

Non-derivative financial assets:

Financial assets at amortised cost and the effective interest method

Debt instruments shall be measured at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:

i. the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and selling assets;

ii. the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

Debt instruments meeting these criteria are measured initially at fair value plus transaction costs.

They are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method less any impairment, with interest recognised on an effective yield basis in investment income.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receipts (including all fees on points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the debt instrument, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

The Company may irrevocably elect at initial recognition to classify a debt instrument that meets the amortised cost criteria above as at Fair Value through Profit & Loss (FVTPL) if that designation eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch had the financial asset been measured at amortised cost.

Investment in Subsidiaries

Investments in subsidiaries are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses, if any. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of the investment is assessed. Where the carrying amount of an investment is greater than its estimated recoverable amount, it is written down immediately to its recoverable amount and the difference is transferred to the Statement of Profit and Loss. On disposal of investment, the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount is charged or credited to the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Equity instruments

At initial recognition, an irrevocable election is made (on an instrument-by-instrument basis) to designate investments in equity instruments other than held for trading purpose at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI).

A financial asset is held for trading if:

• it has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling it in the near term; or

• on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the group manages together and has evidence of a recent actual pattern of short-term profittaking; or

• it is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument or a financial guarantee.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to the statement of profit and loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity. Equity investments designated as FVTOCI are not subject to impairment assessment.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all fair value changes recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Financial assets at Fair Value Through Profit or Loss (FVTPL)

Financial assets that do not meet the criteria of classifying as amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income described above, or that meet the criteria but the entity has chosen to designate as at FVTPL at initial recognition, are measured at FVTPL.

Investments in equity instruments are classified as at FVTPL, unless the Company designates an investment that is not held for trading at FVTOCI at initial recognition.

Financial assets classified at FVTPL are initially measured at fair value excluding transaction costs.

Financial assets at FVTPL are subsequently measured at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Dividend income on investments in equity instruments at FVTPL is recognised in the statement of profit and loss in investment income when the company''s right to receive the dividends is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity; and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

Impairment of financial assets

On initial recognition of the financial assets, a loss allowance for expected credit loss is recognised for debt instruments at amortised cost and FVTOCI. For debt instruments that are measured at FVTOCI, the loss allowance is recognised in other comprehensive income in the statement of profit and loss and does not reduce the carrying amount of the financial asset in the balance sheet.

Expected credit loss of a financial instrument is measured in a way that reflects:

i) an unbiased and probability-weighted amount that is determined by evaluating a range of possible outcomes;

ii) the time value of money; and

iii) reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort at the reporting date about past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions.

At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition.

When making the assessment, the company compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and consider reasonable and supportable information, that is available without undue cost or effort, that is indicative of significant increases in credit risk since initial recognition.

If, at the reporting date, the credit risk on a financial instrument has not increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company measures the

loss allowance for that financial instrument at an amount equal to 12-month expected credit losses. If, the credit risk on that financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance for a financial instrument at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses.

The amount of expected credit losses (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date is recognised as an impairment gain or loss in the statement of profit and loss.

Derecognition of financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset on trade date only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises a collateralised borrowing for the proceeds received.

On derecognition of a financial asset other than in its entirety (e.g. when the Company retains an option to repurchase part of a transferred asset), the Company allocates the previous carrying amount of the financial asset between the part it continues to recognise under continuing involvement, and the part it no longer recognises on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts on the date of the transfer. The difference between the carrying amounts allocated to the part that is no longer recognised and the sum of the consideration received for the part no longer recognised and any cumulative gain or loss allocated to it that had been recognised in other comprehensive income is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in other comprehensive income is allocated

between the part that continues to be recognised and the part that is no longer recognised on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts.

Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the Company Classification as debt or equity

Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument

Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified as either ‘financial liabilities at FVTPL'' or ‘other financial liabilities''.

Financial liabilities at FVTPL

Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is either held for trading or it is designated as at FVTPL.

A financial liability is classified as held for trading if:

i) it has been acquired or incurred principally for the purpose of repurchasing it in the near term; or

ii) on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Company manages together and for which there is evidence of a recent actual pattern of short-term profit taking; or

iii) It is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument.

A financial liability other than a financial liability held for trading may also be designated as at FVTPL upon initial recognition if:

i) such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise; or

ii) the financial liability forms part of a Company of financial assets or financial liabilities or both, which is managed and its performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with the Company''s documented risk management or investment strategy, and information about the company is provided internally on that basis; or

iii) It forms part of a contract containing one or more embedded derivatives, and Ind-AS 109 ‘Financial Instruments'' permits the entire combined contract to be designated as at FVTPL.

Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except for the amount of change in the fair value of the financial liability that is attributable to changes in the credit risk of that liability which is recognised in other comprehensive income.

The net gain or loss recognised in the statement of profit and loss incorporates any interest paid on the financial liability.

Other financial liabilities

Other financial liabilities, including borrowings, are initially measured at fair value, net of transaction costs.

Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, with interest expense recognised on an effective yield basis.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Financial guarantee contracts

A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a

specified debtor fails to make payments when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument.

Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are initially measured at their fair values and, if not designated as at FVTPL, are subsequently measured at the higher of:

i) the amount of loss allowance determined in accordance with impairment requirements of Ind AS 109; and

ii) the amount initially recognised less, when appropriate, the cumulative amount of income recognised in accordance with the principles of Ind AS 115.

Reclassification of financial assets and liabilities

The Company determines classification of financial assets and liabilities on initial recognition. After initial recognition, no re-classification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments and financial liabilities. For financial assets which are debt instruments, a re-classification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. The Company''s senior management determines change in the business model as a result of external or internal changes which are significant to the Company''s operations. Such changes are evident to external parties. A change in the business model occurs when the Company either begins or ceases to perform an activity that is significant to its operations. If the Company re-classifies financial assets, it applies the re-classification prospectively from the re-classification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in business model. The Company does not re-state any previously recognised gains, losses (including impairment gains or losses) or interest.

Offsetting financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the balance sheet when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to

settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

Derivatives and hedge accounting

Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair value. The method of recognising the resulting gain or loss depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged.

The Company designates certain derivatives as either:

i) hedges of the fair value of recognised assets or liabilities or a firm commitment (fair value hedge);

ii) hedges of a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability or a highly probable forecast transaction (cash flow hedge); or

iii) Hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation (net investment hedge).

The Company documents at the inception of the transaction the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedging transactions. The Company also documents the nature of the risk being hedged and how the Company will assess whether the hedging relationship meets the hedge effectiveness requirements (including its analysis of the sources of hedge ineffectiveness and how it determines the hedge ratio).

The full fair value of a hedging derivative is classified as a non-current financial asset or financial liability when the residual maturity of the derivative is more than 12 months and as a current financial asset or financial liability when the residual maturity of the derivative is less than 12 months.

Fair value hedge

Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in the statement of profit and loss, together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged item that are attributable to the hedged risk.

Hedge accounting is discontinued when the Company revokes the hedging relationship, when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. The fair value adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item arising from the hedged risk is amortised to the statement of profit and loss from that date.

Cash flow hedges

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated under the heading cash flow hedging reserve. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss, and is included in the ‘other gains and losses'' line item.

Amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity are reclassified to the statement of profit and loss in the periods when the hedged item affects the statement of profit and loss, in the same line as the recognised hedged item. However, when the hedged forecast transaction results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or a nonfinancial liability, the gains and losses previously recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity are transferred from equity and included in the initial measurement of the cost of the non-financial asset or non-financial liability.

Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. Any gain or loss recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognised when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognised in the statement of profit and loss. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the gain or loss accumulated in

Fair value measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either in the principal market for the asset or liability or in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The principal market or the most advantageous market must be accessible to the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant''s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole. The fair value hierarchy is described as below:

Level 1 - unadjusted quoted price in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3 - unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of fair value hierarchy.

k) Revenue recognition

The Company earns revenue primarily from sale of knowledge based information in educational and general books, paper stationery and non-paper stationery. The Company also provides job-work services.

Revenue is recognised upon transfer of control of promised products and services to customers, when there are no longer any unfulfilled obligations, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products and services. The performance obligations in our contracts are fulfilled at the time of dispatch, delivery or upon formal customer acceptance depending on customer terms.

• Sale of products

Revenue is recognised at a point in time upon transfer of control of promised products to customers, which coincides with the dispatch coincides with dispatch or delivery of goods as per the relevant terms of the contract, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products. The sale is recorded at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, trade, volume & other discounts / rebate and any taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government such as goods and services tax, etc.

Accumulated experience and judgement are used to estimate and provide for turnover discounts, expected cash discounts, other eligible discounts, expected returns and incentives.

Payment for the sale is made as per the credit terms in the agreements with the customers. The credit period is generally short term, thus there is no significant financing component.

• Sale of services

Revenue from services rendered is recognised at a point in time based on agreements / arrangements with the customers. Revenue for fixed price contracts (including right to use contents) are recognised over the contract period on straight line basis unless there is a more appropriate allocation.

• Income from power generation

Income from power generation is recognised on the basis of electrical units generated & transferred to transmission company (in excess of captive consumption) and is recognised at prescribed rate as per agreement for sale of electricity by the Company. Income from power generation is grouped under ‘Other operating revenue''.

• Other income

0 Interest income in respect of all the debt instruments, financial guarantee''s and deposits which are measured at cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, is recorded using effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortised cost of a financial liability.

0 Dividend income on investment is accounted for in the year in which the right to receive the payment is established.

l) Government grants

Government grants are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attaching to them and that the grants will be received.

Incentives on exports related to operations as provided by government are recognised in books after due consideration of certainty of utilisation / receipt of such incentive.

m) Trade receivables

Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for goods sold or services performed in the ordinary course of business. If the receivable is expected to be collected within a period of 12 months or less from the reporting date (or in the normal operating cycle of the business, if longer), they are classified as current assets, otherwise as non-current assets.

Trade receivables are measured at their transaction price unless it contains a significant financing component or pricing adjustments embedded in the contract.

Loss allowance for expected life time credit loss is recognised on initial recognition.

n) Foreign currency transactions

Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. As at the Balance Sheet date, foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are translated at closing exchange rate. The gains or losses resulting from such translations are included in net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and measured at fair value are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary assets and nonmonetary liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and measured at historical cost are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date of the transaction.

Transaction gains or losses realised upon settlement of foreign currency transactions are included in determining net profit for the period in which the transaction is settled. Revenue, expense and cash flow items denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the relevant functional currencies using the exchange rate in effect on the date of the transaction.

As per Appendix B to Ind AS 21, when an entity has received or paid advance contribution in a foreign currency, transaction rate as on the date of receipt of advance is considered for recognition of related asset, expenses or income.

o) Employee benefits

i) Short term employee benefits

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including non-monetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees'' services up to the end of the reporting and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.

ii) Post-employment benefits

a) Defined contribution plan

The defined contribution plan is postemployment benefit plan under which the Company contributes fixed contribution to a government administered fund and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further contribution. The Company''s defined contribution plan comprises of Provident Fund and Labour Welfare Fund. The Company''s contribution to defined contribution plans are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the employee renders the related services.

b) Defined benefit plan

The Company has defined benefit plans comprising of gratuity. Company''s obligation towards gratuity liability is funded and is managed by Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). The present value of the defined benefit obligations is determined based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. The rate used to discount defined benefit obligation is determined by reference to

market yields at the Balance Sheet date on Indian Government Bonds for the estimated term of obligations.

Re-measurements comprising of (a) actuarial gains and losses, (b) the effect of the asset ceiling (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability) and (c) the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability) are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to statement if profit and loss in subsequent periods.

The return on plan assets is the Company''s expectation of average longterm rate of return on the investment of the fund over the entire life of the related obligation. Plan assets are measured at fair value as at the Balance Sheet date.

The interest cost on defined benefit obligation and return on plan assets is recognised under finance cost.

Gains or losses on the curtailment or settlement of defined benefit plan are recognised when the curtailment or settlement occurs.

iii) Compensated absences

The Company has benefits in the form of compensated absences. The present value of such compensated absences is determined based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. The rate used to discount defined benefit obligation is determined by reference to market yields at the Balance Sheet date on Indian Government Bonds for the estimated term of obligations.

Actuarial gains or losses arising on account of experience adjustment and the effect of changes in actuarial assumptions are

Gains or losses on the curtailment or settlement are recognised when the curtailment or settlement occurs.

p) Leases

The Company had adopted Ind AS 116 ‘Leases''

effective from 1st April, 2019, as notified by the

Ministry of Corporate Affairs in the Companies

(Indian Accounting Standard) Amendment Rules,

2019.

As a Lessee

• The Company''s lease asset classes primarily consist of leases for office premises, warehouses, vehicles and computers.

• At inception of a contract, the Company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

• At commencement or on modification of a contract that contains a lease component, the Company allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease and non-lease component on the basis of their relative standalone prices.

• The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprise of the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date net of lease incentive received, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located.

• The right-of-use assets is subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation, accumulated impairment losses, if any and adjusted for any remeasurement

of the lease liability. The right-of-use asset is depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date over the shorter of lease term of right-of-use asset.

• The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company''s incremental borrowing rate. The lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

• The Company has elected not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases of low-value assets and short-term leases. The Company recognises the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

• The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable period of a lease, together with both periods covered by an option to extend the lease if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option; and periods covered by an option to terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise that option. In assessing whether the Company is reasonably certain to exercise an option to extend a lease, or not to exercise an option to terminate a lease, it considers all relevant facts and circumstances that create an economic incentive for the Company to exercise the option to extend the lease, or not to exercise the option to terminate the lease. The Company revises the lease term if there is a change in the non-cancellable period of a lease.

• Right-of-useassetsandleaseliabilitybalances are adjusted on partial / full termination of lease and corresponding gain / loss on such partial / full termination is charged to other income / other expenses in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

As a Lessor:

Lease income from operating leases where the Company is a lessor is recognised (net of GST) in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The respective leased assets are included in the balance sheet based on their nature.

q) Taxes on income

Tax expenses for the year comprises of current tax, deferred tax charge or credit and adjustments of taxes for earlier years. In respect of amounts adjusted outside profit or loss (i.e. in other comprehensive income or equity), the corresponding tax effect, if any, is also adjusted outside profit or loss.

The current Income Tax expense charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted at the end of the reporting period. Management establishes proper provisions on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Deferred Income Tax is provided in full, using the Balance Sheet Method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. Deferred income tax is determined using the tax rates that have been enacted at the end of the reporting period.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilise those temporary differences and losses.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Current and deferred tax is recognised in the statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in Other

Comprehensive Income or directly in Equity, respectively.

Uncertain Tax position

Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation and considers whether it is probable that a taxation authority will accept an uncertain tax treatment. The Company measures its tax balances either based on the most likely amount or the expected value, depending on which method provides a better prediction of the resolution of the uncertainty.

r) Cash and cash equivalents

For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, other short term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

s) Cash flow statement

Cash Flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

t) Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events but their existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or where any present obligation cannot be measured in terms of future outflow of resources or where a reliable estimate of the obligation cannot be made.

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.

Provisions are measured at the present value of the management''s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as interest expense. Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognised even if the likelihood of an outflow with respect to any one item included in the same class of obligations may be small.

A contingent asset is disclosed, where an inflow of economic benefits is probable. An entity shall not recognise a contingent asset unless the recovery is virtually certain.

u) Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss (after tax) for the year attri

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Mar 31, 2018

a) Presentation and disclosure of financial statements

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current and non-current as per Company’s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in division II of Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013, for a company whose financial statements are made in compliance with the Companies (India Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015. Based on the nature of business and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, 12 months has been considered by the Company for the purpose of current / non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as noncurrent assets and liabilities.

b) Property, plant and equipment & Depreciation

i) All Property, Plant and Equipment are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Cost of property, plant and equipment includes non-refundable taxes and duties, borrowing cost directly attributable to the qualifying asset and any directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

ii) Capital work-in-progress comprises of the cost incurred on property, plant and equipment not yet ready for their intended use at the Balance Sheet date. Advances paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each balance sheet date is classified as capital advances under other non-current assets and the cost of assets not put to use before such date are disclosed under ‘Capital work-in-progress’.

iii) Property, plant and equipment are eliminated from the financial statement, either on disposal or when retired from active use. Losses arising in the case of retirement of property, plant and equipment and gains or losses arising from the disposal of property, plant and equipment are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the year of occurrence.

iv) Subsequent expenditures relating to property, plant and equipment is capitalized only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with these will flow to the company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. Repairs and maintenance costs are recognised in net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred.

v) When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as a separate item (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

vi) Depreciation on property, plant and equipment

a) Depreciation on property, plant and equipment (other than freehold land and capital work in progress) is provided on WDV over the useful life of the relevant assets net of residual value whose life is in consonance with the life mentioned in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013 except the case where individual assets whose cost does not exceed ten thousand rupees has been provided fully in the year of capitalization.

b) In the case of assets purchased, sold or discarded during the year, depreciation on such assets is calculated on pro-rata basis from the date of such addition or as the case may be, up to the date on which such asset has been sold or discarded.

c) The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each balance sheet date and in case of any changes, the effect of the same is given prospectively.

c) Investment properties & Depreciation on investment properties

i) Property (Land or a Building or part of a building or both and related equipment’s & furniture) that are held for long term rental yields or for capital appreciation or both, rather than for:

a) Use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes; or

b) Sale in the ordinary course of business.

are recognised as an investment property in books of account.

ii) Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent expenditure is capitalized to the assets carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance costs are expensed when incurred.

iii) Depreciation on investment properties

a) Depreciation on investment properties is provided on WDV over the useful life of the relevant assets net of residual value whose life is in consonance with the life mentioned in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.

b) In the case of investment property purchased, sold or discarded during the year, depreciation on such investment property is calculated on pro-rata basis from the date of such addition or as the case may be, up to the date on which such investment property has been sold or discarded.

c) The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of investment properties are reviewed at each balance sheet date and in case of any changes, the effect of the same is given prospectively.

d) Intangible assets & Amortisation

i) Intangible assets are recognised when the entity controls the asset, it is probable that future economic benefits attributed to the asset will flow to the entity and the cost of the asset can be reliably measured. At initial recognition, intangible assets are recognised at cost. Intangible assets are stated at cost of development or consideration paid for acquisition less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

ii) Estimated useful life of intangible assets are as tabulated below:

iii) The useful lives and methods of amortisation of intangible assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date and in case of any changes, effect of the same is given prospectively.

e) Impairment of non-financial assets

Assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the estimated recoverable amount of the asset. An impairment loss is reversed in the statement of profit and loss if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years.

f) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value.

Costs incurred in bringing each product to it’s present location and condition are accounted for as follows:

i) Raw Materials, Packing Materials & Stores & Spares & trading goods: The Cost comprises of costs of purchase, duties and taxes (other than those subsequently recoverable), conversion cost and other costs after deducting discounts and rebates which are incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. The cost of inventory is determined on the weighted average basis. Cost also includes the reclassification from equity of any gains or losses on qualifying cash flow hedges relating to purchases of raw material but excludes borrowing costs.

ii) Finished Goods and Work in Progress: Costs comprises direct materials, direct labour, direct expenses and overheads and an appropriate proportion of variable and fixed overhead expenditure, the latter being allocated on the basis of normal operating capacity. Cost of inventories also includes all other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

g) Borrowing Cost

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalized as part of the cost of the respective asset till such time the asset is ready for its intended use or sale. A qualifying asset is an asset which necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest expenses calculated as per effective interest method, exchange difference arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are treated as an adjustment to the borrowing cost.

h) Segment reporting

The segments have been identified taking into account the nature of the products / services, geographical locations, nature of risks and returns, internal organization structure and internal financial reporting system. Operating Segments are reported in a manner consistent with internal reporting provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM). The Managing Director is the CODM of the company.

i) Excise (applicable up to 30^th June, 2017) and custom duty on uncleared goods

i) Excise duty on manufactured goods, wherever applicable, lying in the factory premises as at year end are provided for in the accounts and corresponding amount is included in the valuation of inventories.

ii) Custom duty liability is not provided in respect of material which has not arrived into territorial jurisdiction.

j) Financial instruments Initial Recognition

All financial instruments are recognised initially at fair value. Transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset (other than financial assets recorded at fair value through profit or loss) are included in the fair value of the financial assets. Purchase or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trade) are recognised on trade date. While, loans and borrowings and payables are recognised net of directly attributable transaction costs.

Classification of financial assets

Financial assets are classified as ‘equity instrument’ if it is a non-derivative and meets the definition of ‘equity’ for the issuer. All other non-derivative financial assets are ‘debt instrument’.

Subsequent Measurement

The classification of financial instruments depends on the objective of the business model for which it is held. Management determines the classification of its financial instruments at initial recognition.

i) Non-derivative financial assets: Financial assets at amortised cost and the effective interest method

Debt instruments shall be measured at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:

i. the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and selling assets;

ii. the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

Debt instruments meeting these criteria are measured initially at fair value plus transaction costs.

They are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method less any impairment, with interest recognised on an effective yield basis in investment income.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash receipts (including all fees on points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the debt instrument, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

The Company may irrevocably elect at initial recognition to classify a debt instrument that meets the amortised cost criteria above as at Fair Value Through Profit & Loss (FVTPL) if that designation eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch had the financial asset been measured at amortised cost.

ii) Debt instruments at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI)

Debt instruments shall be measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:

(a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and selling assets; and

(b) the contractual terms of the instrument give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Debt instruments included within FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting period at fair value plus transaction costs. They are subsequently measured at fair value with any gains or losses arising on Remeasurement recognised in other comprehensive income, except for impairment gains or losses and foreign exchange gains or losses. Interest calculated using the effective interest method is recognised in the statement of profit and loss in investment income. When the debt instrument is derecognised the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in other comprehensive income is reclassified to the statement of profit and loss account as a reclassification adjustment.

At initial recognition, an irrevocable election is made (on an instrument-by-instrument basis) to designate investments in equity instruments other than held for trading purpose at FVTOCI.

Equity instruments at FVTOCI

A financial asset is held for trading if:

i) it has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling it in the near term; or

ii) on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Company manages together and has evidence of a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or

iii) it is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument or a financial guarantee.

Investments in equity instruments at FVTOCI are initially measured at fair value plus transaction costs. Subsequently, they are measured at fair value with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value recognised in other comprehensive income. Where the asset is disposed of, the cumulative gain or loss previously accumulated in the other comprehensive income is directly reclassified to retained earnings.

For equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income no impairments are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Dividends on these investments in equity instruments are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in investment income when the Company’s right to receive the dividends is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity; and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

Financial assets at (FVTPL) Fair Value Through Profit and Loss

Financial assets that do not meet the criteria of classifying as amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income described above, or that meet the criteria but the entity has chosen to designate as at FVTPL at initial recognition, are measured at FVTPL.

Investments in equity instruments are classified as at FVTPL, unless the Company designates an investment that is not held for trading at FVTOCI at initial recognition.

Financial assets classified at FVTPL are initially measured at fair value excluding transaction costs.

Financial assets at FVTPL are subsequently measured at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Dividend income on investments in equity instruments at FVTPL is recognised in the statement of profit and loss in investment income when the Company’s right to receive the dividends is established, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the dividend will flow to the entity; and the amount of the dividend can be measured reliably.

Impairment of financial assets

On initial recognition of the financial assets, a loss allowance for expected credit loss is recognised for debt instruments at amortised cost and FVTOCI. For debt instruments that are measured at FVTOCI, the loss allowance is recognised in other comprehensive income in the statement of profit and loss and does not reduce the carrying amount of the financial asset in the balance sheet.

Expected credit loss of a financial instrument is measured in a way that reflects:

i) an unbiased and probability-weighted amount that is determined by evaluating a range of possible outcomes;

ii) the time value of money; and

iii) reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort at the reporting date about past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions.

At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition.

When making the assessment, the Company compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as at the date of initial recognition and consider reasonable and supportable information, that is available without undue cost or effort, that is indicative of significant increases in credit risk since initial recognition.

If, at the reporting date, the credit risk on a financial instrument has not increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance for that financial instrument at an amount equal to 12-month expected credit losses. If, the credit risk on that financial instrument has increased significantly since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance for a financial instrument at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses.

The amount of expected credit losses (or reversal) that is required to adjust the loss allowance at the reporting date is recognised as an impairment gain or loss in the statement of profit and loss.

Derecognition of financial assets

The Company derecognises a financial asset on trade date only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or when it transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset to another entity. If the Company neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership and continues to control the transferred asset, the Company recognises its retained interest in the asset and an associated liability for amounts it may have to pay. If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred financial asset, the Company continues to recognise the financial asset and also recognises a collateralised borrowing for the proceeds received.

On derecognition of a financial asset other than in its entirety (e.g. when the Company retains an option to repurchase part of a transferred asset), the Company allocates the previous carrying amount of the financial asset between the part it continues to recognise under continuing involvement, and the part it no longer recognises on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts on the date of the transfer. The difference between the carrying amounts allocated to the part that is no longer recognised and the sum of the consideration received for the part no longer recognised and any cumulative gain or loss allocated to it that had been recognised in other comprehensive income is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in other comprehensive income is allocated between the part that continues to be recognised and the part that is no longer recognised on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts.

Financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the Company

Classification as debt or equity

Debt and equity instruments are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement.

Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

Compound instruments

The component parts of compound instruments (convertible instruments) issued by the Company are classified separately as financial liabilities and equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement. At the date of issue, the fair value of the liability component is estimated using the prevailing market interest rate for a similar non-convertible instrument. This amount is recorded as a liability on an amortised cost basis using the effective interest method until extinguished upon conversion or at the instrument’s maturity date. The equity component is determined by deducting the amount of the liability component from the fair value of the compound instrument as a whole. This is recognised and included in equity, net of income tax effects, and is not subsequently remeasured.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are classified as either ‘financial liabilities at FVTPL or ‘other financial liabilities’.

Financial liabilities at FVTPL

Financial liabilities are classified as at FVTPL when the financial liability is either held for trading or it is designated as at FVTPL.

A financial liability is classified as held for trading if:

i) it has been acquired or incurred principally for the purpose of repurchasing it in the near term; or

ii) on initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Company manages together and for which there is evidence of a recent actual pattern of short-term profit taking; or

iii) It is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument.

A financial liability other than a financial liability held for trading may also be designated as at FVTPL upon initial recognition if:

i) such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise; or

ii) the financial liability forms part of a Company of financial assets or financial liabilities or both, which is managed and its performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with the Company’s documented risk management or investment strategy, and information about the Companying is provided internally on that basis; or

iii) It forms part of a contract containing one or more embedded derivatives, and Ind-AS 109 Financial Instruments permits the entire combined contract to be designated as at FVTPL.

Financial liabilities at FVTPL are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except for the amount of change in the fair value of the financial liability that is attributable to changes in the credit risk of that liability which is recognised in other comprehensive income.

The net gain or loss recognised in the statement of profit and loss incorporates any interest paid on the financial liability.

Other financial liabilities

Other financial liabilities, including borrowings, are initially measured at fair value, net of transaction costs.

Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, with interest expense recognised on an effective yield basis.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Financial Guarantee contracts

A financial guarantee contract is a contract that requires the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor fails to make payments when due in accordance with the terms of a debt instrument.

Financial guarantee contracts issued by the Company are initially measured at their fair values and, if not designated as at FVTPL, are subsequently measured at the higher of:

i) the amount of loss allowance determined in accordance with impairment requirements of Ind AS 109; and

ii) the amount initially recognised less, when appropriate, the cumulative amount of income recognised in accordance with the principles of Ind AS 18

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the balance sheet when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The legally enforceable right must not be contingent on future events and must be enforceable in the normal course of business and in the event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company or the counterparty.

Derivatives and hedge accounting

Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair value. The method of recognising the resulting gain or loss depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged.

The Company designates certain derivatives as either:

i) hedges of the fair value of recognised assets or liabilities or a firm commitment (fair value hedge);

ii) hedges of a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability or a highly probable forecast transaction (cash flow hedge); or

iii) hedges of a net investment in a foreign operation (net investment hedge).

The Company documents at the inception of the transaction the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedging transactions. The Company also documents the nature of the risk being hedged and how the Company will assess whether the hedging relationship meets the hedge effectiveness requirements (including its analysis of the sources of hedge ineffectiveness and how it determines the hedge ratio).

The full fair value of a hedging derivative is classified as a non-current financial asset or financial liability when the residual maturity of the derivative is more than 12 months and as a current financial asset or financial liability when the residual maturity of the derivative is less than 12 months.

Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in the statement of profit and loss, together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged item that are attributable to the hedged risk.

Hedge accounting is discontinued when the Company revokes the hedging relationship, when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. The fair value adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item arising from the hedged risk is amortised to the statement of profit and loss from that date.

Cash flow hedges

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated under the heading cash flow hedging reserve. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss, and is included in the ‘other gains and losses’ line item.

Amounts previously recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity are reclassified to the statement of profit and loss in the periods when the hedged item affects the statement of profit and loss, in the same line as the recognised hedged item. However, when the hedged forecast transaction results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or a non-financial liability, the gains and losses previously recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity are transferred from equity and included in the initial measurement of the cost of the non-financial asset or non-financial liability.

Hedge accounting is discontinued when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. Any gain or loss recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognised when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognised in the statement of profit and loss. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the gain or loss accumulated in equity is recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either in the principal market for the asset or liability or in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The principal market or the most advantageous market must be accessible to the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole. The fair value hierarchy is described as below:

Level 1 - unadjusted quoted price in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly Level 3 - unobservable inputs for the asset or liability

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization at the end of each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of fair value hierarchy.

k) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Amounts disclosed as revenue are inclusive of excise duty (wherever applicable) and net of VAT, Service Tax and GST. The company recognizes revenue when the amount can be reliably measured, it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity and specific criteria have been met for each of the company’s activities as described below. The company bases its estimates on historical results, taking into consideration the type of customer, the type of transaction and the specifics of each arrangement.

i) Sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer and are recorded at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, trade, volume & other discounts. Accumulated experience is used to estimate and provide for turnover discounts, expected cash discounts and other eligible discounts and incentives. No element of financing is deemed present as the sales are made with normal credit terms.

ii) Power generation income is recognised on the basis of electrical units generated and sold in excess of captive consumption and recognised at prescribed rate as per agreement of sale of electricity by the Company.

iii) Interest income in respect of all the Debt Instruments, financial guarantee’s and deposits which are measured at cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, is recorded using effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortized cost of a financial liability. Interest Income is included in other Income in the statement of profit and loss.

iv) Incentives on exports related to operations as provided by government are recognised in books after due consideration of certainty of utilization / receipt of such incentives.

v) Lease income / rental income is recognised (net of service tax/GST) as per the terms of the relevant agreement.

l) Foreign currency transactions

Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. As at the Balance Sheet date, foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are translated at closing exchange rate. The gains or losses resulting from such translations are included in net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and measured at fair value are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and measured at historical cost are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date of the transaction.

Transaction gains or losses realized upon settlement of foreign currency transactions are included in determining net profit for the period in which the transaction is settled. Revenue, expense and cash flow items denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the relevant functional currencies using the exchange rate in effect on the date of the transaction.

m) Employee benefits

i) Short term employee benefits

Liabilities for wages and salaries, including nonmonetary benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised in respect of employees’ services up to the end of the reporting and are measured at the amounts expected to be paid when the liabilities are settled. The liabilities are presented as current employee benefit obligations in the balance sheet.

ii) Post-employment benefits

a) Defined Contribution Plan

The defined contribution plan is post-employment benefit plan under which the Company contributes fixed contribution to a government administered fund and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further contribution. The Company’s defined contribution plan comprises of Provident Fund, Labour Welfare Fund and Employee State Insurance Scheme. The Company’s contribution to defined contribution plans are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the employee renders the related services.

b) Defined benefit plan

The Company has defined benefit plans comprising of gratuity. Company’s obligation towards gratuity liability is funded and is managed by Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). The present value of the defined benefit obligations is determined based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. The rate used to discount defined benefit obligation is determined by reference to market yields at the Balance Sheet date on Indian Government Bonds for the estimated term of obligations.

Re-measurements comprising of (a) actuarial gains and losses, (b) the effect of the asset ceiling (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability) and (c) the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability) are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to statement if profit and loss in subsequent periods.

The expected return on plan assets is the Company’s expectation of average long-term rate of return on the investment of the fund over the entire life of the related obligation. Plan assets are measured at fair value as at the Balance Sheet date.

The interest cost on defined benefit obligation and expected return on plan assets is recognised under finance cost.

Gains or losses on the curtailment or settlement of defined benefit plan are recognised when the curtailment or settlement occurs.

c) Other long-term benefits

The Company has other long-term benefits in the form of leave benefits. The present value of the other long term employee benefits is determined based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. The rate used to discount defined benefit obligation is determined by reference to market yields at the Balance Sheet date on Indian Government Bonds for the estimated term of obligations.

Actuarial gains or losses arising on account of experience adjustment and the effect of changes in actuarial assumptions are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss as income or expense.

Gains or losses on the curtailment or settlement of other long-term benefits are recognised when the curtailment or settlement occurs.

n) Leases As a Lessee:

Leases of property, plant and equipment where the company, as a lessee, has substantially all the risks and rewards relating to ownership are classified as finance leases at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding rental obligations, net of finance charges, are included in borrowings or other financial liabilities as appropriate. Each Lease Payment is allocated between the liability and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to the Profit and Loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period. Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are not transferred to the company as lessee are classified as operating leases. Payments made under the operating leases are charged to profit & loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease unless the payments are structured to increase in line with the expected inflationary increase.

As a Lessor:

Lease income from operating leases where the company is a lessor is recognised in income on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the receipts are structured to increase in line with the expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases. The respective leased assets are included in the balance sheet based on their nature.

o) Taxes on income

Tax expenses for the year comprises of current tax, deferred tax charge or credit and adjustments of taxes for earlier years. In respect of amounts adjusted outside profit or loss (i.e. in other comprehensive income or equity), the corresponding tax effect, if any, is also adjusted outside profit or loss.

The current Income Tax expense charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted at the end of the reporting period. Management establishes proper provisions on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.

Deferred Income Tax is provided in full, using the Balance Sheet Method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. Deferred income tax is determined using the tax rates that have been enacted at the end of the reporting period.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses only if it is probable that future taxable amounts will be available to utilize those temporary differences and losses.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities. Current tax assets and tax liabilities are offset where the entity has a legally enforceable right to offset and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Current and deferred tax is recognised in the statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in Other Comprehensive Income or directly in Equity, respectively.

p) Cash and cash equivalents

For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, other short term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

q) Cash flow statement

Cash Flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

r) Provisions and contingent liabilities

Contingent Liabilities are disclosed in respect of possible obligations that arise from past events but their existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or nonoccurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company or where any present obligation cannot be measured in terms of future outflow of resources or where a reliable estimate of the obligation cannot be made.

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.

Provisions are measured at the present value of management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as interest expense. Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognised even if the likelihood of an outflow with respect to any one item included in the same class of obligations may be small. A contingent asset is disclosed, where an inflow of economic benefits is probable. An entity shall not recognise a contingent asset unless the recovery is virtually certain.

s) Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss (after tax) for the year attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year. The weighted average numbers of shares also includes fixed number of equity shares that are issuable on conversion of compulsorily convertible instruments and it is included from the date consideration is receivable (generally the date of their issue) of such instruments

Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss (after tax) for the year attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

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Mar 31, 2017

1. Company overview, nature of entity’s operations and its principal activities

Navneet Education Limited (‘the Company'') is a public limited Company incorporated and domiciled in India and has its registered office at Navneet Bhavan, Near Shardasharam Society, Bhavani Shankar Road, Dadar, Mumbai - 400028, Maharashtra, India. The Company is listed on Bombay Stock Exchange and also National Stock Exchange.

The Company is a leading manufacturer of Maharashtra and Gujarat State Board Publication books and also Stationery Products. The Publishing segment consists of supplementary books such as workbooks, guides, and question banks which are based on the latest prescribed syllabus by state education boards under the brand name of ‘Vikas'' and ‘Gala''. The Stationery Business consists of Paper based and non-paper based stationery under the brand names ‘Navneet'', ‘Boss'' and ‘Youva''.

The financial statements of the Company for the year ended 31^st March 2017 were approved and adopted by board of directors of the Company in their meeting dated 26^th May, 2017.

2. Basis of preparation

2.1. Statement of Compliance

The financial statements (on standalone basis) of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended by the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2016.

For all periods up to and including the year ended 31^st March 2016, the Company had prepared its financial statements in accordance with the Accounting Standards notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read together with the Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014 (referred as “Indian GAAP”). For the year ended 31^st March, 2017, the Company has prepared financial statements in accordance with Ind AS notified by Ministry of Corporate Affairs (‘MCA'').

The Company has consistently applied the accounting policies used in the preparation of its opening Ind AS Balance Sheet as at 1^st April, 2015 throughout all periods presented, as if these policies had always been in effect and are covered by Ind AS 101 ‘''First-time adoption of Indian Accounting Standards''''. The transition was carried out from Indian GAAP which is considered as the previous GAAP, as defined in Ind AS 101. The reconciliation of effects of the transition from Indian GAAP on the equity as at 1^st April, 2015 and 31^st March, 2016 and on the net profit or loss and cash flows for the year ended 31^st March, 2016 is disclosed in Note no 49 to these financial statements.

2.2. Functional and presentation of currency

The financial statements are prepared in Indian Rupees which is also the Company''s functional currency. All amounts are rounded to the nearest lakhs.

2.3. Basis of measurement

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for the following:

i) Certain financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments)

ii) Defined benefit plans measured at fair value

2.4. Use of significant accounting estimates, judgments and assumptions

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported balances of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities as on the date of financial statements and reported amounts of income and expenses during the period. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation of uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next Financial Year, are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

i) Property, plant & equipment and Intangible assets

The Company has estimated the useful life, residual value and method of depreciation / amortization of property, plant & equipment and intangible assets based on its internal technical assessment.

ii) Contingencies

Management judgment is required for estimating the possible outflow of resources, if any, in respect of contingencies / claim / litigations against the Company as it is not possible to predict the outcome of pending matters with accuracy.

iii) Obligations linked with operating results

Provisions for expenses which are payable upon achievement of specified criteria are made based on the management estimates as regards probability for achievement of the specified criteria. Estimated amounts may vary with actual amounts and consequently may affect the provision for the said expenses.

iv) Measurement of defined benefit plan & other long term benefits

The cost of the defined benefit gratuity plan / other long term benefits and the present value of the gratuity obligation / other long term benefits are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases and mortality rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation / other long term benefits is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date.

3. Significant Accounting Policies

3.1. Presentation and disclosure of financial statements

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current and non-current as per Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the division II of Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013, for a Company whose financial statements are made in compliance with the Companies (India Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

Based on the nature of business and their realization in cash and cash equivalents, 12 months has been considered by the Company for the purpose of current / non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

3.2. Property, plant and equipment

i) Under the previous GAAP, property, plant and equipment were carried at historical cost less depreciation and impairment losses, if any. On transition to Ind AS, the Company has availed the optional exemption under Ind AS 101 and accordingly it has used the carrying value as at the date of transition i.e. 1^st April 2015 as the deemed cost of the property, plant & equipment under Ind AS.

ii) Subsequent to transition date, property, plant and equipment are stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Cost of property, plant and equipment includes non-refundable taxes and duties, borrowing cost directly attributable to the qualifying asset and any directly attributable costs of bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

iii) Capital work-in-progress comprises of cost incurred on property, plant and equipment not yet ready for their intended use at the Balance Sheet date. Advances paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each balance sheet date is classified as capital advances under other non-current assets and the cost of assets not put to use before such date are disclosed under ‘Capital work-in-progress''.

iv) Property, plant and equipment are eliminated from financial statement, either on disposal or when retired from active use. Losses arising in the case of retirement of property, plant and equipment and gains or losses arising from disposal of property, plant and equipment are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the year of occurrence.

v) Subsequent expenditures relating to property, plant and equipment is capitalized only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with these will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. Repairs and maintenance costs are recognized in net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss when incurred.

vi) When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as a separate item (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

vii) Depreciation on property, plant and equipment

a) Depreciation on property, plant and equipment (other than freehold land and capital work in progress) is provided on WDV over the useful life of the relevant assets net of residual value whose life is in consonance with the life mentioned in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013, except the case where individual assets whose cost does not exceed ten thousand rupees has been provided fully in the year of capitalization.

b) In the case of assets purchased, sold or discarded during the year, depreciation on such assets is calculated on pro-rata basis from the date of such addition or as the case may be, up to the date on which such asset has been sold or discarded.

c) The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each balance sheet date and in case of any changes, effect of the same is given prospectively.

3.3. Investment properties

i) Under the previous GAAP, property, plant and equipment were carried at historical cost less depreciation and impairment losses, if any. On transition to Ind AS, the Company has availed the optional exemption under Ind AS 101 and accordingly it has used the carrying value as at the date of transition i.e. 1^st April 2015 as the deemed cost of the property, plant & equipment under Ind AS

ii) Investment properties are measured initially at cost, including transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, investment properties are stated at cost less depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any.

iii) Depreciation on investment properties

The Company depreciates the investment properties over the useful lives which are as prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013, except the case where individual assets whose cost does not exceed ten thousand rupees has been provided fully in the year of capitalization.

3.4. Intangible assets

i) Under the previous GAAP, intangible Assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses if any. On transition to Ind AS, the Company has availed the optional exemption under Ind AS 101 and accordingly it has used carrying value as at the date of transition i.e. 1^st April 2015 as the deemed cost of intangible assets under Ind AS.

ii) Subsequent to transition date, Intangible Assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Following initial recognition intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses if any. Intangible assets are recognized only if it is probable that the future economic benefits attributable to the asset will flow to the enterprise and the cost of asset can be measured reliably.

iii) Estimated useful life of intangible assets are as tabulated below :

iv) The useful lives and methods of amortization of intangible assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date and in case of any changes, effect of the same is given prospectively.

3.5. Impairment of non-financial assets

i) Non-financial assets

Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. For the purpose of impairment testing, the recoverable amount (i.e. the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value-in-use) is determined on an individual asset basis unless the asset does not generate cash flows that are largely independent of those from other assets. In such cases, the recoverable amount is determined for the CGU to which the asset belongs. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the estimated recoverable amount of the asset. An impairment loss is reversed in the statement of profit and loss if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of the asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years.

3.6. Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value.

Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:

i) Raw Materials, Packing Materials & Stores & Spares: Costs include cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Costs is determined based on weighted average basis.

ii) Finished Goods and Work in Progress: Costs include cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. Costs is determined based on weighted average basis.

3.7. Excise and custom duty on uncleared goods

i) Excise duty on manufactured goods, wherever applicable, lying in the factory premises as at year end are provided for in the accounts and corresponding amount is included in the valuation of inventories.

ii) Custom duty liability is not provided in respect of material which has not arrived into territorial jurisdiction.

3.8. Financial instruments Initial Recognition

All financial instruments are recognized initially at fair value. Transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset (other than financial assets recorded at fair value through profit or loss) are included in the fair value of the financial assets. Purchase or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trade) are recognized on trade date. While, loans and borrowings and payables are recognized net of directly attributable transaction costs.

Subsequent Measurement

The classification of financial instruments depends on the objective of the business model for which it is held. Management determines the classification of its financial instruments at initial recognition.

a) Non-derivative financial assets

(i) Financial assets at amortized cost

A financial asset shall be measured at amortized cost if both of the following conditions are met:

(a) the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows and

(b) the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

They are presented as current assets, except for those maturing later than 12 months after the reporting date which are presented as non-current assets. Financial assets are measured initially at fair value plus transaction costs and subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment loss.

Amortized cost are represented by trade receivables, security deposits, cash and cash equivalents, employee and other advances and eligible current and non-current assets.

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and in banks and demand deposits with banks which can be withdrawn at any time without prior notice or penalty on the principal.

For the purposes of the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, in banks and demand deposits with banks, net of outstanding bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand, book overdraft and are considered part of the Company''s cash management system.

(ii) Debt instruments at FVTOCI

A debt instrument shall be measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if both of the following conditions are met:

(a) the objective of the business model is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and

(b) the asset''s contractual cash flow represent SPPI

Debt instruments included within FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting period at fair value plus transaction costs. Fair value movements are recognized in other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses & reversals and foreign exchange gain loss in statement of profit and loss. On de-recognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified from equity to profit and loss. Interest earned is recognized under the effective interest rate (EIR) model.

(iii) Equity instruments at FVTOCI

All equity instruments are measured at fair value. Equity instruments held for trading is classified as FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present subsequent changes in the fair value in OCI. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividend are recognized in OCI which is not subsequently recycled to statement of profit and loss.

(iv) Financial assets at FVTPL

FVTPL is a residual category for financial assets. Any financial asset which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as FVTPL.

In addition the Company may elect to designate the financial asset, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVOCI criteria, as FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency. The Company has not designated any financial asset as FVTPL.

Financial assets included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair values with all changes in the statement of profit and loss.

b) Non-derivative financial liabilities

(i) Financial liabilities at amortized cost

Financial liabilities at amortized cost represented by borrowings, trade and other payables are initially recognized at fair value, and subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method.

(ii) Financial liabilities at FVTPL

Financial liabilities at FVTPL represented by contingent consideration are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

c) Derivative financial instruments

The Company holds derivative financial instruments such as foreign exchange forward contracts to mitigate the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates on foreign currency assets or liabilities and forecasted cash flows denominated in foreign currencies. The counterparty for these contracts is generally a bank.

Derivatives are recognized and measured at fair value. Attributable transaction costs are recognized in statement of profit and loss.

(i) Cash flow hedges: Changes in the fair value of the derivative hedging instrument designated as a cash flow hedge are recognized in other comprehensive income and presented within equity in the cash flow hedging reserve to the extent that the hedge is effective. To the extent that the hedge is ineffective, changes in fair value are recognized in the statement of profit and loss. If the hedging instrument no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. The cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in the cash flow hedging reserve is transferred to the statement of profit and loss upon the occurrence of the related forecasted transaction.

(ii) Others: Changes in fair value of foreign currency derivative instruments not designated as cash flow hedges and the ineffective portion of cash flow hedges are recognized in the statement of profit and loss and reported within foreign exchange gains/(losses)

3.9. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured.

- Sale of goods is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer and are recorded at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns and allowances, trade and volume discounts.

- Power Generation income is recognized on basis of power utilized by the Consumer and appropriately recorded.

- Interest income in respect to all the Debt Instruments, financial guarantee''s and deposits which are measured at cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income, is recorded using effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset or to the amortized cost of a financial liability. Interest Income is included in Other Income in the statement of profit and loss.

- Incentives on exports related to operations as provided by government are recognized in books after due consideration of certainty of utilization / receipt of such incentives

-Rental income on assets given under operating lease arrangements is not recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term of respective lease arrangement, as escalation rate for all lease transactions are in line with the normal inflationary rate. Rent incomes are recorded net of service tax.

3.10. Foreign currency transactions

Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the date of the transaction. As at the Balance Sheet date, foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are translated at closing exchange rate. The gains or losses resulting from such translations are included in net profit in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and measured at fair value are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and measured at historical cost are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date of the transaction.

Transaction gains or losses realized upon settlement of foreign currency transactions are included in determining net profit for the period in which the transaction is settled. Revenue, expense and cash flow items denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the relevant functional currencies using the exchange rate in effect on the date of the transaction.

3.11. Retirement and other employee benefits

i) Short term employee benefit

All employee benefits falling due wholly within twelve months after the end of the reporting period are classified as short term employee benefits and they are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the employee renders the related service.

ii) Post-employment benefits

a. Defined Contribution Plan

The defined contribution plan is post-employment benefit plan under which the Company contributes fixed contribution to a government administered fund and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further contribution. The Company''s defined contribution plan comprises of Provident Fund, Labour Welfare Fund and Employee State Insurance Scheme. The Company''s contribution to defined contribution plans are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the employee renders the related services.

b. Defined benefit plan

The Company has defined benefit plans comprising of gratuity. Company''s obligation towards gratuity liability is funded and is managed by Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). The present value of the defined benefit obligations is determined based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. The rate used to discount defined benefit obligation is determined by reference to market yields at the Balance Sheet date on Indian Government Bonds for the estimated term of obligations.

Re-measurements comprising of (a) actuarial gains and losses, (b) the effect of the asset ceiling (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability) and (c) the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability) are recognized immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to statement if profit and loss in subsequent periods.

The expected return on plan assets is the Company''s expectation of average long-term rate of return on the investment of the fund over the entire life of the related obligation. Plan assets are measured at fair value as at the Balance Sheet date.

The interest cost on defined benefit obligation and expected return on plan assets is recognized under finance cost.

Gains or losses on the curtailment or settlement of defined benefit plan are recognized when the curtailment or settlement occurs.

c. Other long-term benefits

The Company has other long-term benefits in the form of leave benefits. The present value of the other long term employee benefits is determined based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. The rate used to discount defined benefit obligation is determined by reference to market yields at the Balance Sheet date on Indian Government Bonds for the estimated term of obligations.

Actuarial gains or losses arising on account of experience adjustment and the effect of changes in actuarial assumptions are recognized immediately in the statement of profit and loss as income or expense.

Gains or losses on the curtailment or settlement of other long-term benefits are recognized when the curtailment or settlement occurs.

3.12. Borrowing costs

Borrowing Costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of the Asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that the Company incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs also include exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

3.13. Leases

A Lease is classified at the inception date as a finance lease or an operating lease.

i) Lease arrangements where substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership to the Company is classified as finance lease.

ii) Lease arrangements where risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset substantially vest with the lessor are classified as operating lease.

iii) Lease expenses / License fees income received on assets obtained / given under operating lease arrangements are recognized on a straight-line basis as an expense / income in the statement of profit and loss over the lease term of the respective lease arrangement. Straight line basis is not used when payments are structured so as to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the expected inflationary cost increases.

3.14. Taxes on income

Tax expenses for the year comprises of current tax, deferred tax charge or credit and adjustments of taxes for earlier years. In respect of amounts adjusted outside profit or loss (i.e. in other comprehensive income or equity), the corresponding tax effect, if any, is also adjusted outside profit or loss.

Provision for current tax is made as per the provisions of Income Tax Act, 1961.

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, and deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward tax losses and allowances to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences, carry forward tax losses and allowances can be utilized.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset, if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxation authority.

3.15. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, bank balances, deposits with banks (other than on lien) and all short term and highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalent as calculated above also includes outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Company''s cash management.

3.16. Cash flow statement

Cash Flows are reported using the indirect method, whereby net profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing cash flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

3.17. Provisions and contingent liabilities

A provision is recognized when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made.

A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or a present obligation that may, but probably will not require an outflow of resources.

3.18. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per equity share is computed by dividing the net profit (after tax) for the year attributable to the equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

Diluted earnings per equity share is computed by dividing the net profit (after tax) for the year attributable to the equity shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per equity share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

The dilutive potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the equity shares been actually issued at fair value (i.e. the average market value of the outstanding equity shares). Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later date. Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented.

The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for any share splits and bonus shares issues including for changes effected prior to the approval of the financial statements by the Board of Directors.

3.19. Segment reporting

The segments have been identified taking into account the nature of the products / services, geographical locations, nature of risks and returns, internal organization structure and internal financial reporting system. The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

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Mar 31, 2016

(A) Accounting Convention

The financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) under the historical cost convention, on an accrual basis and in accordance with the applicable accounting standards as prescribed under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (''the Act'') read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, the provisions of the Act and guidelines issues by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). The accounting policies have been consistently applied and are consistent with those used in the previous year.

(B) Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the management to make estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Difference between the actual results and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known/materialised.

(C) Revenue Recognition

Revenue is primarily derived from publishing of educational & general books & manufacturing of stationery. Other Income includes Income from Power generation & Pre-School Income. Sales are recognised on transfer of significant risks and rewards in connection with the ownership at the time of dispatch of goods. Sales are recorded net of trade discounts and volume discounts. Dividend income is recognised when right to receive is established.

(D) Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss if any. Cost comprises of the purchase price and all other attributable costs for bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Capital work-in-progress comprises the cost of fixed asset that are not yet ready for their intended use at the reporting date and the same are allocated to the respective fixed assets on the completion of construction. Intangible assets are recorded at the consideration paid for acquisition of such assets and are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and impairement.

(E) Depreciation

(i) Depreciation on Fixed Assets other than intangible assets is provided on Written Down Value Method on the basis of useful life of the assets prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013. Individual assets acquired for less Rs 10,000 are depreciated entirely in the year of acquisition.

(ii) Depreciation on fixed assets added/disposed off during the year has been provided on pro-rata basis.

(iii) Lease Premium and related costs are amortised over the lease period.

(iv) Cost of registration of Trade Marks and for acquiring Copy Rights are amortised over a period of 10 years in equal installments.

(v) Cost of Intangibles assets other than Trade Mark and Copy Rights are amortised over a period of 36 months.

(F) Impairment of Assets

The Management periodically assesses, using external and internal sources, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. Assets are treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets exceeds their recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the assets are identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting period is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount.

(G) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. The diluted potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the shares been actually issued at fair value which is the average market value of the outstanding shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later date. Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented. The number of shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for any share splits and bonus shares issues, including for changes effected prior to the approval of financial statements by the Board of Directors.

(H) Foreign Currency Transactions & Financial Instruments

(i) Monetary assets and liabilities related to foreign currency transactions remaining unsettled at the end of the year, are restated at the closing rate as applicable.

(ii) The gains or losses resulting from such translation of monetary assets and liabilities are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(iii) The Company has started hedging its risk of foreign currency fluctuations relating to receivables of highly probable forecast transactions pertaining to export sales income by entering into forward contracts. As per the ICAI Announcement, accounting for forward contracts which are entered into for mitigating risk of highly probable forecast transactions, are marked to market on portfolio basis, and the net loss after considering the offsetting effect on the underlying hedge item is charged to the profit and loss account. Net gains are ignored.

(iv) Non-monetary items are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency using the exchange rate at the date of the transactions.

(v) Exchange difference arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of an enterprise''s net investments in a non-integral foreign operation are accumulated in a foreign currency translation reserve.

(vi) The Foreign exchange difference on translation of long term foreign currency monetary items at rates different from those at which they were reported in previous financial statements, in so far as it relates to acquisition of depreciable assets are capitalised.

(I) Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and estimated net realisable value after providing for obsolescence.

(a) Cost of Raw materials, packing materials, stores and spares are determined on weighted average basis.

(b) Cost of Finished goods and Work-In-Process includes cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

(J) Retirement Benefits

(i) Contributions to the provident fund, which is a defined contribution scheme, are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the liability is incurred.

(ii) Provision for gratuity, which is a defined benefit plan, is made on the basis of an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary at the balance sheet date and funded through scheme administered by the Life Insurance Corporation of India (''LIC''). The actuarial valuation is done using the ''Project Unit Credit Method'' and spread over the period during which the benefit is expected to be derived from employees services.

(iii) Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date based on an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary.

(K) Investments

Long-term Investments are carried at cost after deducting provision, if any, for other than temporary diminution in the value of investments. Current Investments are carried at the lower of cost and market/fair value of each investment individually.

(L) Borrowing Costs

The Company capitalises the borrowing costs which are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets till the said asset is put to use or ready to be put to use. All other borrowing costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they are incurred.

(M) Leased Assets

Operating Lease : Rentals are expensed with reference to lease terms and other considerations.

(N) Provision for Tax

Tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred tax. Provision for current tax is determined on the basis of taxable income for the period as per the provisions of Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred tax is recognized, subject to consideration of prudence, on timing differences between book profits and tax profits using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized and carried forward only when there is a reasonable certainty that the assets will be realized in future.

(O) Contingent Liabilities and Provisions

A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past event, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date.

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Mar 31, 2015

(A) Accounting Convention

The financial statements are prepared in accordance with Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) under the historical cost convention, on an accrual basis and in accordance with the applicable accounting standards as prescribed under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (''the Act'') read with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, the provisions of the Act and guidelines issue by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). The accounting policies have been consistently applied and are consistent with those used in the previous year.

(B) Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the management to make estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Difference between the actual results and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known / materialised.

(C) Revenue Recognition

Revenue is primarily derived from publishing of educational & general books & manufacturing of stationery. Other Income includes Income from Power generation & Pre-School Income. Sales are recognised on transfer of significant risks and rewards in connection with the ownership at the time of dispatch of goods. Sales are recorded net of trade discounts. Dividend Income is recognised when right to receive is established.

(D) Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss, if any. Cost comprises of the purchase price and all other attributable costs for bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use. Capital work-in-progress comprises the cost of fi xed asset that are not yet ready for their intended use at the reporting date and the same are allocated to the respective fi xed assets on the completion of construction. Intangible assets are recorded at the consideration paid for acquisition of such assets and are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment.

(E) Depreciation

(i) Depreciation on Fixed Assets other than intangible assets is provided on Written Down Value Method on the basis of useful life of the assets prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013.

Individual assets acquired for less Rs 10,000 are depreciated entirely in the year of acquisition.

(ii) Depreciation on fi xed assets added/disposed off during the year has been provided on pro-rata basis.

(iii) Lease Premium and related costs are amortised over the lease period.

(iv) Cost of registration of Trade Marks and for acquiring Copy Rights are amortised over a period of 10 years in equal instalments.

(v) Cost of Intangibles assets other than Trade Mark and Copy Rights are amortised over a period of 36 months.

(F) Impairment of Assets

The Management periodically assesses, using external and internal sources, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. Assets are treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets exceeds their recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the assets are identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting period is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount.

(G) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and also the weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. The diluted potential equity shares are adjusted for the proceeds receivable had the shares been actually issued at fair value which is the average market value of the outstanding shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the period, unless issued at a later date. Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each period presented. The number of shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted retrospectively for all periods presented for any share splits and bonus shares issues, including for changes effected prior to the approval of financial statements by the Board of Directors.

(H) Foreign Currency Transactions & Financial Instruments

(i) Monetary assets and liabilities related to foreign currency transactions remaining unsettled at the end of the year, are restated at the closing rate as applicable.

(ii) The gains or losses resulting from such translation of monetary assets and liabilities are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(iii) The Company has started hedging its risk of foreign currency fluctuations relating to receivables of highly probable forecast transactions pertaining to export sales income by entering into forward contracts. As per the ICAI Announcement, accounting for forward contracts which are entered into for mitigating risk of highly probable forecast transactions, are marked to market on portfolio basis, and the net loss after considering the offsetting effect on the underlying hedge item is charged to the profi t and loss account. Net gains are ignored.

(iv) Non-monetary items are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency using the exchange rate at the date of the transactions.

(v) Exchange difference arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of an enterprise''s net investments in a non-integral foreign operation are accumulated in a foreign currency translation reserve.

(vi) The Foreign exchange difference on translation of long term foreign currency monetary items at rates different from those at which they were reported in previous financiastatements, in so far as it relates to acquisition of depreciable assets are capitalised.

(I) Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and estimated net realisable value after providing for obsolescence.

a) Cost of Raw materials, packing materials, stores and spares are determined on weighted average basis."

b) Cost of Finished goods and Work-In-Process includes cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

(J) Retirement Benefits

(i) Contributions to the provident fund, which is a defined contribution scheme, are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the liability is incurred.

(ii) Provision for gratuity, which is a defined benefit plan, is made on the basis of an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary at the balance sheet date and funded through scheme administered by the Life Insurance Corporation of India (''LIC''). The actuarial valuation is done using the ''Project Unit Credit Method'' and spread over the period during which the benefit is expected to be derived from employees services.

(iii) Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date based on an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary.

(K) Investments

Long-term Investments are carried at cost after deducting provision, if any, for other than temporory diminution in the value of investments. Current Investments are carried at the lower of cost and market/fair value of each investment individually.

(L) Borrowing Costs

The Company capitalises the borrowing costs which are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets till the said asset is put to use or ready to be put to use. All other borrowing costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which they are incurred.

(M) Leased Assets

Operating Lease : Rentals are expensed with reference to lease terms and other considerations.

(N) Provision for Tax

Tax expense comprises of current tax and deferred tax. Provision for current tax is determined on the basis of taxable income for the period as per the provisions of Income Tax Act, 1961. Deferred tax is recognized, subject to consideration of prudence, on timing differences between book profits and tax profits using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized and carried forward only when there is a reasonable certainty that the assets will be realized in future.

(O) Contingent Liabilities and Provisions

A disclosure for a contingent liability is made when there is a possible obligation or present obligation that may, but probably will not, require an outflow of resources. Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past event, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date.

(b) Terms / Rights Attached to Preference Shares

(i) Redemption - To be redeemed at par at the end of 18 months from the date of allotment.

(ii) Coupon Rate - 6% per annum non cumulative.

(iii) Call Option - The Company has an option to redeem the Preference Shares at any time after the end of 1 year from the date of allotment. If the Company exercises its call option, it will pay the amount of the face value of the Preference Shares along with dividend declared, if any, up to the date on which it exercise the call option. In case the Company exercises the call option, its liability to the Preference Shareholders shall stand extinguished from the date of dispatch of the cheques / pay order for the redemption amount, along with dividend, if any.

(iv) Each holder of 6% RNCPS is entitled to one vote per RNCPS only on resolution placed before the Company which directly affect the rights attached to RNCPS.

(v) In the event of winding up of the company, before redemption of RNCPS, the holders of RNCPS will have priority over equity shareholders in the payment of dividend and repayment of capital.

* Provision for Diminution of Investments made previous year of Rs. 326 Lac has been reversed.

* Includes write off of Investment of Rs. 374 (Previous year Rs. NIL)

* Net impact in profit and loss on account of investment is Rs. 48 Lac.

For the year ended 31st March, 2015

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Mar 31, 2014

(A) Accounting Convention

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention, on an accrual basis and in accordance with the applicable accounting standards notified by the Company (Accounting Standard Rule 2006) as amended & relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, read with General Circular 15 / 2013 dated September 13, 2013 issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, in respect of Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013. The accounting policies have been consistently applied and are consistent with those used in the previous year.

(B) Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Difference between the actual results and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known / materialised.

(C) Revenue Recognition

Sales are recognised on transfer of significant risks and rewards in connection with the ownership at the time of dispatch of goods. Sales are recorded net of trade discounts. Dividend Income is recognised when right to receive is established.

(D) Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss if any. Cost comprises of the purchase price and all other attributable costs for bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use.

(E) Depreciation

(i) Depreciation on Fixed Assets other than intangible assets is provided on Written Down Value Method in accordance with the rates, prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Individual assets acquired for less than Rs. 5000/- are entirely depreciated in the year of acquisition.

(ii) Depreciation on fixed assets added / disposed off during the year has been provided on pro-rata basis.

(iii) Lease Premium and related costs are amortised over the lease period.

(iv) Cost of registration of Trade Marks and for acquiring Copy Rights are amortised over a period of 10 years in equal installments.

(v) Cost of Intangibles assets other than Trade Mark and Copy Rights are amortised over a period of 36 months.

(F) Impairment of Assets

Assets are treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets exceeds their recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the assets are identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting period is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount.

(G) Expenditure during construction period

Expenditure during construction period are included under capital work- in-progress and the same are allocated to the respective fixed assets on the completion of construction.

(H) Foreign Currency Transactions & Financial Instruments

(i) Monetary assets and liabilities related to foreign currency transactions remaining unsettled at the end of the year, are restated at the closing rate as applicable.

(ii) The differences in translation of monetary assets and liabilities and realised gains and losses on foreign exchange transactions are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(iii) In respect of forward foreign exchange contract, represented by monetary assets / liabilities and are meant for hedging purposes, the premium or discount arising at the inception of such forwards contract is amortised as expense or income over the life of contract. Exchange differences on such a contract is recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the reporting period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such a forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense for the period.

(iv) Non - monetary items are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency using the exchange rate at the date of the transactions.

(v) Exchange difference arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of an enterprise''s net investments in a non-integral foreign operation are accumulated in a foreign currency translation reserve.

(vi) The Foreign exchange difference on translation of long term foreign currency monetary items at rates different from those at which they were reported in previous financial statements, in so far as it relates to acquisition of depreciable assets are capitalised.

(I) Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and estimated net realisable value.

i) Cost of Raw materials, packing materials, stores and spares are determined on weighted average basis.

ii) Cost of Finished goods and Work-In-Process includes cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

(J) Retirement Benefits

(i) Contributions to the provident fund, which is a defined contribution scheme, are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the liability is incurred.

(ii) Provision for gratuity, which is a defined benefit plan, is made on the basis of an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary at the balance sheet date and funded through scheme administered by the Life Insurance Corporation of India (''LIC'').

The actuarial valuation is done using the ''Project Unit Credit Method''.

(iii) Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date based on an acturial valuation carried out by an independent actuary.

(K) Investments

Long-term Investments are stated at cost after deducting provision,if any, for other than temporary diminution in the value of investments. Current Investments are stated at lower of cost and market / fair value.

(L) Borrowing Costs

The Company capitalises the borrowing costs which are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets till the said assets is put to use or ready to be put to use. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they are incurred.

(M) Leased Assets

Operating Lease : Rentals are expensed with reference to lease terms and other considerations.

(N) Provision for Tax

Tax expense comprises of current, and deferred tax.

Provision for current tax is determined on the basis of taxable income for the period as per the provisions of Income Tax Act, 1961.

Deferred tax is recognized, subject to consideration of prudence, on timing differences between book profits and tax profits using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized and carried forward only when there is a reasonable certainty that the assets will be realized in future.

(O) Contingent Liabilities and Provisions

Contingent Liabilities are possible but not probable obligations as on Balance Sheet date, based on the available evidence. Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past event, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date.

---

Mar 31, 2013

(A) Accounting Convention

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention, on an accrual basis and in accordance with the applicable accounting standards notified by the Company (Accounting Standard Rule 2006) as amended & relevant provisions of the Companies Act.

(B) Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Difference between the actual results and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known/materialised.

(C) Revenue Recognition

Sales are recognised on transfer of significant risks and rewards in connection with the ownership at the time of dispatch of goods. Sales are recorded net of trade discounts. Dividend Income is recognised when right to receive is established.

(D) Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss if any. Cost comprises of the purchase price and all other attributable costs for bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

(E) Depreciation

(i) Depreciation on Fixed Assets other than intangible assets is provided on Written Down Value Method in accordance with the rates, prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Individual assets acquired for less than Rs. 5000/- are entirely depreciated in the year of acquisition.

(ii) Depreciation on fixed assets added/disposed off during the year has been provided on pro-rata basis.

(iii) Lease Premium and related costs are amortised over the lease period.

(iv)Cost of registration of Trade Marks and for acquiring Copy Rights are amortised over a period of 10 years in equal installments.

(v) Cost of Intangibles assets are amortised over a period of 36 months.

(F) Impairment of Assets

Assets are treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets exceeds their recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which the assets are identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting period is reversed if there has been as change in the estimate of recoverable amount.

(G) Expenditure during construction period

Expenditure during construction period are included under capital work- in-progress and the same are allocated to the respective fixed assets on the completion of construction.

(H) Foreign Currency Transactions & Financial Instruments

(i) Monetary assets and liabilities related to foreign currency transactions remaining unsettled at the end of the year, are restated at the closing rate as applicable.

(ii) The differences in translation of monetary assets and liabilities and realised gains and losses on foreign exchange transactions are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

(iii) In respect of forward foreign exchange contract, represented by monetary assets/liabilities and are meant for hedging purposes, the premium or discount arising at the inception of such forwards contract is amortised as expense or income over the life of contract. Exchange differences on such a contract is recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the reporting period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such a forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense for the period.

(iv) Non-monetary items are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency using the exchange rate at the date of the transactions.

(v) Exchange difference arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of an enterprise''s net investments in a non-integral foreign operation are accumulated in a foreign currency translation reserve.

(vi) The Foreign exchange difference on translation of long term foreign currency monetary items at rates different from those at which they were reported in previous financial statements, in so far as it relates to acquisition of depreciable assets are capitalised.

(I) Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and estimated net realisable value.

i) Cost of Raw materials, packing materials, stores and spares are determined on weighted average basis.

ii) Cost of Finished goods and Work-In-Process includes cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

(J) Retirement Benefits

(i) Contributions to the provident fund, which is a defined contribution scheme, are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the liability is incurred.

(ii) Provision for gratuity, which is a defined benefit plan, is made on the basis of an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary at the balance sheet date and funded through scheme administered by the Life Insurance Corporation of India (''LIC'').

The actuarial valuation is done using the ''Project Unit Credit Method''.

(iii) Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date based on an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary.

(K) Investments

Long-term Investments are stated at cost after deducting provision, if any, for other than temporary diminution in the value of investments. Current Investments are stated at lower of cost and market/fair value.

(L) Borrowing Costs

The Company capitalises the borrowing costs which are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets till the said asset is put to use or ready to be put to use. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period they incurred.

(M) Leased Assets

Operating Lease : Rentals are expensed with reference to lease terms and other considerations.

(N) Provision for Tax

Tax expense comprises of current, and deferred tax.

Provision for current tax is determined on the basis of taxable income for the period as per the provisions of Income Tax Act, 1961.

Deferred tax is recognized, subject to consideration of prudence, on timing differences between book profits and tax profits using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized and carried forward only when there is a reasonable certainty that the assets will be realized in future.

(O) Contingent Liabilities and Provisions

Contingent Liabilities are possible but not probable obligations as on Balance Sheet date, based on the available evidence.

Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation as a result of past event,and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be require to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date.

---

Mar 31, 2012

(A) Accounting Convention

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention, on an accrual basis and in accordance with the applicable accounting standards notified by the Company (Accounting Standards Rule, 2006) as amended and relevent Provisions of the Companies Act.

(B) Use of Estimates

The Preparation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Difference between the actual results and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known / materialised.

(C) Revenue Recognition

Sales are recognised on transfer of significant risks and rewards in connection with the ownership at the time of dispatch of goods. Sales are recorded net of trade discounts. Dividend income is recognised when right to receive is established.

(D) Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss if any. Cost comprises of the purchase price and all other attributable costs for bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

(E) Depreciation

(i) Depreciation on Fixed Assets other than intangible assets is provided on Written Down Value Method in accordance with the rates, prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act,1956. Individual assets acquired for less than Rs. 5000/- are entirely depreciated in the year of acquisition.

(ii) Depreciation on fixed assets added/disposed off during the year has been provided on pro-rata basis.

(iii) Lease Premium and related costs are amortised over the lease period.

(iv) Cost of registration of Trade Marks and for acquiring Copy Rights are amortised over a period of 10 years in equal installments.

(v) Cost of Intangible assets are amortised over a period of 36 months.

(F) Impairment of Assets

Assets are treated as impaired when the carrying cost of assets exceeds their recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the Profit and Loss Account in the year in which an assets are identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting period is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount.

(G) Expenditure during construction period

Expenditure during construction period are included under capital work-in-progress and the same are allocated to the respective fixed assets on the completion of construction. (H) Foreign Currency Transactions & Financial Instruments (i) Monetary assets and liabilities related to foreign currency transactions remaining unsettled at the end of the year, are restated at the closing rate as applicable.

(ii) The differences in translation of monetary assets and liabilities and realised gains and losses on foreign exchange transactions are recognised in the statement of Profit and Loss.

(iii) In respect of forward foreign exchange contract, represented by monetary assets/liabilities and are meant for hedging purposes, the premium or discount arising at the inception of such forwards contract is amortised as expense or income over the life of contract. Exchange differences on such a contract is recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the reporting period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such a forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense for the period.

(iv) Non - monetary items are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency using the exchange rate at the date of the transactions.

(v) Exchange difference arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of an enterprise's net investments in a non-integral foreign operation are accumulated in a foreign currency translation reserve.

(vi) The Foreign exchange difference on translation of long term foreign currency monetary items at rate different from those at which they were reported in previous financial statements, in so far as it relates to acquisition of depreciable assets are capitalised. (I) Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and estimated net realisable value.

a) Cost of Raw materials, packing materials, stores and spares are determined on weighted average basis.

b) The Cost of Finished goods and Work-In-Process includes cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

(J) Retirement Benefits

(i) Contribution to the provident fund, which is a defined contribution scheme, are charged to the statement of Profit and Loss in the period in which the liability is incurred. (ii) Provision for gratuity, which is a defined benefit plan, is made on the basis of an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary at the balance sheet date and funded through scheme administered by the Life Insurance Corporation of India ('LIC'). The actuarial valuation is done using the 'Project Unit Credit Method'. (iii) Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date based on an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary. (K) Investments

Long-term Investments are stated at cost after deducting provision, if any, for other than temporary diminution in the value of Investment. Current Investments are stated at lower of cost and market / fair value. (L) Borrowing Costs

The Company capitalises the borrowing costs which are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets till the said asset is put to use or ready to be put to use. All other borrowing cost are expensed in the period they incurred.

(M) Leased Assets

Operating Lease : Rentals are expensed with reference to lease terms and other considerations.

(N) Provision for Tax

Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Provision for current tax is determined on the basis of taxable income for the period as per the provisions of Income Tax Act,1961.

Deferred tax is recognized, subject to consideration of prudence, on timing differences between book profits and tax profits using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized and carried forward only when there is a reasonable certainty that the assets will be realized in future.

(O) Contingent Liabilities and Provision

Contingent Liabilities are possible but not probable obligations as on Balance Sheet date, based on the available evidence. Provisions are recongnized when there is a present obligation as a result of past event, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date.

---

Mar 31, 2011

(A) Accounting Convention

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention, on an accrual basis and in accordance with the applicable accounting standards notified by the Company (Accounting Standards Rule, 2006) as amended and relevent Provision of the Companies Act.

(B) Use of Estimates

The Preparation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Difference between the actual results and estimates are recognised in the period in which the results are known / materialised.

(C) Revenue Recognition

Sales are recognised on transfer of significant risks and rewards in connection with the ownership at the time of dispatch of goods. Sales are recorded net of trade discounts. Dividend income is recognised when right to receive is established.

(D) Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss if any. Cost comprises of the purchase price and all other attributable costs for bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

(E) Depreciation

(i) Depreciation on Fixed Assets other than intangible assets is provided on Written Down Value Method in accordance with the rates, prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act,1956. Individual assets acquired for less than Rs.5000/- are entirely depreciated in the year of acquisition.

(ii) Depreciation on fixed assets added/disposed off during the year has been provided on pro-rata basis.

(iii) Lease Premium and related costs are amortised over the lease period.

(iv) Cost of registration of Trade Marks and for acquiring Copy Rights are amortised over a period of 10 years in equal installments.

(v) Cost of Intangible assets other trademark are amortised over a period of 36 months.

(F) Impairment of Assets Assets are treated as impaired when the carrying cost of asset exceeds their recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the Profit and Loss Account in the year in which an assets are identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting period is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount.

(G) Expenditure during construction period Expenditure during construction period are included under capital work-in-progress and the same are allocated to the respective fixed assets on the completion of construction.

(H) Foreign Currency Transactions & Financial Instruments (i) Monetary assets and liabilities related to foreign currency transactions remaining unsettled at the end of the year, are restated at the closing rate as applicable.

(ii) The differences in translation of monetary assets and liabilities and realised gains and losses on foreign exchange transactions are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

(iii) In respect of forward foreign exchange contract, represented by monetary assets/liabilities and are meant for hedging purposes, the premium or discount arising at the inception of such forwards contract is amortised as expense or income over the life of contract. Exchange differences on such a contract is recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the reporting period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such a forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense for the period.

(iv) Non - monetary items are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency using the exchange rate at the date of the transactions.

(v) Exchange difference arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of an enterprise's net investments in a non-integral foreign operation are accumulated in a foreign currency translation reserve.

(I) Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and estimated net realisable value.

a) Cost of Raw materials, packing materials, stores and spares are determined on weighted average basis.

b) The Cost of Finished goods and Work-In-Process includes cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

(J) Retirement Benefits

(i) Contribution to the provident fund, which is a defined contribution scheme, are charged to the Profit and Loss Account in the period in which the liability is incurred.

(ii) Provision for gratuity, which is a defined benefit plan, is made on the basis of an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary at the balance sheet date and funded through scheme administered by the Life Insurance Corporation of India ('LIC'). The actuarial valuation is done using the 'Project Unit Credit Method'.

(iii) Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date based on an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary.

(K) Investments

Long-term Investments are stated at cost after deducting provision,if any, for other than temperory diminution in the value of Investment. Current Investments are stated at lower of cost and market / fair value.

(L) Borrowing Costs

The Company capitalises the borrowing costs which are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets till the said asset is put to use or ready to be put to use. All other borrowing cost are expensed in the period they incurred.

(M) Leased Assets

Operating Lease : Rentals are expensed with reference to lease terms and other considerations.

(N) Provision for Tax

Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Provision for current tax is determined on the basis of taxable income for the period as per the provisions of Income Tax Act,1961.

Deferred tax is recognized, subject to consideration of prudence, on timing differences between book profits and tax profits using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized and carried forward only when there is a reasonable certainty that the assets will be realized in future.

(O) Contingent Liabilities and Provision

Contingent Liabilities are possible but not probable obligations as on Balance Sheet date, based on the available evidence. Provisions are recongnized when there is a present obligation as a result of past event, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are determined based on the best estimate required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date.

---

Mar 31, 2010

(A) Accounting Convention

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention, on an accrual basis and in accordance with the applicable accounting standards notified by the Company (Accounting Standards Rule, 2006) as amended and relevent Provision of the Companies Act.

(B) Use of Estimates

The Preparation of financial statements requires estimates and assumptions to be made that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Difference between the actual results and estimates are recognised in the perid in which the results are known / materialised.

(C) Revenue Recognition

Sales are recognised on transfer of significant risks and rewards in connection with the ownership at the time of dispatch of goods. Sales are recorded net of trade discounts and rebates.

(D) Fixed Assets

Fixed Assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loss if any. Cost comprises of the purchase price and all other attributable costs for bringing the asset to its working condition for its intended use.

(E) Depreciation

(i) Depreciation on Fixed Assets other than intangible assets is provided on Written Down Value Method in accordance with the rates, prescribed in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act,1956. Individual assets acquired for less than Rs.5000/- are entirely depreciated in the year of acquisition.

(ii) Depreciation on fixed assets added/disposed off during the year has been provided on pro-rata basis.

(iii) Lease Premium and related costs are amortised over the lease period.

(iv) Cost of registration of Trade Marks and for acquiring Copy Rights are amortised over a period of 10 years in equal instalments.

(v) Cost of SAP is amortised over a period of three years in equal instalments.

(vi) Cost of Softwares is amortised in the year of acquisition.

(F) Impairment of Assets

An Asset is treated as impaired when the carrying cost of asset exceeds its recoverable value. An impairment loss is charged to the Profit and Loss Account in the year in which an asset is identified as impaired. The impairment loss recognised in prior accounting period is reversed if there has been a change in the estimate of recoverable amount.

(G) Expenditure during construction period

Expenditure during construction period are included under capital work-in-progress and the same are allocated to the respective fixed assets on the completion of construction.

(H) Foreign Currency Transactions & Financial Instruments

(i) Monetary assets and liabilities related to foreign currency transactions remaining unsettled at the end of the year, are restated at the closing rate / forward rate as applicable.

(ii) The differences in translation of monetary assets and liabilities and realised gains and losses on foreign exchange transactions other than those relating to fixed assets are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account. Exchange differences in respect of liabilities incurred to acquire fixed assets are adjusted to the carrying amount of such fixed assets.

(iii) In respect of forward foreign exchange contract, represented by monetary assets/liabilities and are meant for hedging purposes, the premium or discount arising at the inception of such forwards contract is amortised as expense or income over the life of contract. Exchange differences on such a contract is recognized in the statement of profit and loss in the reporting period in which the exchange rates change. Any profit or loss arising on cancellation or renewal of such a forward exchange contract is recognised as income or as expense for the period.

(iv) In respect of foreign exchange contract, not represented by monetary assets/liabilities and are not meant for hedging purposes, gain or loss on such forward exchange contracts is computed by multiplying the foreign currency amount of the forward exchange contract by the difference between the forward rate available at the reporting date for the remaining maturity of the contract and the contracted forward rate. The premium or discount on the forward exchange contract is not recognised separately. Financial derivatives are accounted on the basis of their settlement and the resultant realized gain/loss on settlement is recognized in the profit and loss account.

(v) Non - monetary items are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency using the exchange rate at the date of the transactions.

(vi) Exchange difference arising on a monetary item that, in substance, forms part of an enterprises net investments in a non-integral foreign operation are accumulated in a foreign currency translation reserve. (I) Inventories

Inventories are valued at lower of cost and estimated net realisable value.

a) Raw materials, packing materials, stores and spares are valued at weighted average cost method.

b) The Cost of Finished goods and Work-In-Process includes cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

(J) Retirement Benefits

(i) Contribution to the provident fund, which is a defined contribution scheme, are charged to the Profit and Loss Account in the period in which the liability is incurred.

(ii) Provision for gratuity, which is a defined benefit plan, is made on the basis of an actuarial valuation carried out by an independent actuary at the balance sheet date and funded through scheme administered by the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC).

The actuarial valuation is done using the Project Unit Credit Method.

(iii) Compensated absences which are not expected to occur within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employee renders the related services are recognised as a liability at the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the balance sheet date based on an actuarial valuation carried out by an indepedent actuary.

(K) Investments

Long-term Investments are stated at cost after deducting provision,if any, for other than temperory diminution in the value of Investment. Current Investments are stated at lower of cost and market / fair value.

(L) Borrowing Costs

The Company capitalises the borrowing costs which are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets till the said asset is put to use or ready to be put to use. All other borrowing cost are expensed in the period they incurred.

(M) Leased Assets

Operating Lease: Rentals are expensed with reference to lease terms and other considerations.

(N) Provision for Tax

Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Provision for current tax is determined on the basis of taxable income for the period as per the provisions of Income Tax Act, 1961.

Deferred tax is recognized, subject to consideration of prudence, on timing differences between book profits and tax profits using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized and carried forward only when there is a reasonable certainty that the assets will be realized in future.