Accounting Policies of Goldkart Jewels Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2024

Significant Accounting Policies

Corporate Information

Company is engaged is manufacturing and trading business. It manufactures gold and ornaments from gold bullions. It also purchase gold ornaments, silver ornaments, silver utensils, diamond jewellery, platinum and sale them. It is situated at 7, Millenium Plaza, Swaminarayan Mandir, Mansi Cross Road, Vastrapur, Ahmedabad

1 Basis of Preparation, Measurement and Significant Accounting Policies

1.1 Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements

"The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended).

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"The Financial Statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for certain financial instruments (including derivative instruments) which are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as explained in the accounting policies below.

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"Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly-issued accounting standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change in accounting policy hitherto in use.

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1.2 Significant accounting estimates and assumptions

The preparation of the Company''s financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

Estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Company based on its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

The significant estimates and judgments are listed below:

(i) Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates.

(ii) Judgments by actuaries in respect of discount rates, future salary increments, mortality rates and inflation rate used for computation of defined benefit liability.

(iii) Significant judgment is required in assessing at each reporting date whether there is indication that a financial asset may be impaired.

(iv) The impairment provision for financial assets are based on the assumptions about risk of default and expected loss rates. The company uses judgments in making the assumptions and selecting the inputs to the impairment calculations, based on the company''s past history, existing market conditions as well as forward looking estimates at the end of each reporting period.

(v) Significant judgment is required in assessing at each reporting date whether there is indication that a non-financial asset may be impaired.

(vi) Significant judgment is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognised, based upon the likely timing and level of future taxable profits together with future tax planning strategies.

(Vii) In estimating the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, the Company uses market observable data to the extent available. Where such Level 1 inputs are not available, the Company establishes appropriate valuation techniques and inputs to the model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgment is required in establishing fair values. Judgments include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.

(Viii) Significant judgment has been exercised by management in recognition of MAT credit and estimating the period of its utilization.

1.3 Summary of significant accounting policies

a) Current versus non-current classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the balance sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset is treated as current when it is:

- Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed in normal operating cycle.

- Held primarily for the purpose of trading.

- Expected to be realized within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

A liability is current when:

- It is expected to be settled in normal operating cycle.

- It is held primarily for the purpose of trading.

- It is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or

- There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

The Company classifies all other liabilities as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities.

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle.

b) Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (on weighted average basis) and the net realisable value after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary value after providing for obsolescence and other losses, where considered necessary. Cost includes all charges in bringing the goods to the point of sale, including other levies and receiving charges.

c) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet comprises cash at banks and on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the company''s cash management.

d) Property, plant and equipment (PPE)

Property, plant and equipment (including capital work in progress) is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. The cost comprises the purchase price, directly and indirectly attributable costs arising directly from the development of the asset / project to its working condition for the intended use. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repair and maintenance costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Borrowing cost relating to acquisition / construction of property, plant & equipment which take substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use are also included to the extent they relate to the period till such assets are ready to be put to use.

Depreciation is calculated on a straight line basis over the useful lives of the assets prescribed in the Companies Act, 2013.

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the income statement when the asset is derecognized.

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

e) Revenue recognition

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment and excluding taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government.

Sale of products and services

"Revenue from contracts with customers is recognised when control of the goods or services are transferred to the customer at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company has generally concluded that it is the principal in its revenue arrangements, since it is the primary obligor in all of its revenue arrangement, as it has pricing latitude and is exposed to inventory and credit risks. Revenue is stated net of goods and service tax and net of returns, chargebacks, rebates and other similar allowances. These are calculated on the basis of historical experience and the specific terms in the individual contracts.

In determining the transaction price, the Company considers the effects of variable consideration, the existence of significant financing components, noncash consideration, and consideration payable to the customer (if any). The Company estimates variable consideration at contract inception until it is highly probable that a significant revenue reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognised will not occur when the associated uncertainty with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved."

Sales Returns

The Company accounts for sales returns accrual by recording an allowance for sales returns concurrent with the recognition of revenue at the time of a product sale. This allowance is based on the Company''s estimate of expected sales returns. With respect to established products, the Company considers its historical experience of sales returns, levels of inventory in the distribution channel, estimated shelf life, product discontinuances, price changes of competitive products, and the introduction of competitive new products, to the extent each of these factors impact the Company''s business and markets. With respect to new products introduced by the Company, such products have historically been either extensions of an existing line of product where the Company has historical experience or in therapeutic categories where established products exist and are sold either by the Company or the Company''s competitors.

Interest income

Interest income from a financial asset is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset''s net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Government Grants

The Company recognises government grants only when there is reasonable assurance that the conditions attached to them will be complied with, and the grants will be received. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the related costs, for which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, the Company deducts such grant amount from the carrying amount of the asset.

Foreign Currency

On initial recognition, transactions in currencies other than the Company''s functional currency (foreign currencies) are translated at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate at that date. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates different from those at which they were translated on initial recognition during the period or in previous period are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they arise except for:

"- exchange differences on transactions entered into in order to hedge certain foreign currency risks - exchange differences on foreign currency borrowings relating to assets under construction for future productive use, which are included in the cost of those assets when they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on those foreign currency borrowings, if any"

Retirement and other employee benefits

All employee benefits payable wholly within 12 months rendering services are classified as short term employee benefits. Benefits such as salaries, wages, short term compensated absences, performance incentives etc. and the expected cost of bonus, ex-gratia are recognised during the period in which the employee renders related service.

Provident fund

Retirement benefit in the form of provident fund is a defined contribution scheme. The company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The company has not recognizes contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expense. Company has not deducted any Provided fund from empolyee.

Gratuity fund

No Provision for retirement benefits for employees has been made since the Gratuity Act. Provident Fund Act not applicable to the company. And the company has adopted PAY-AS-YOU- GO method for the Payment of other retirement benefits if any payable to the employees.

Compensated absences

Provision for compensated absence is determined using the projected unit credit method with actuarial valuation being carried out at each balance sheet date. Accumulated leave, which is expected to be utilised within the next twelve months, is treated as short term employee benefits. The company treats accumulated leave expected to be carried forward beyond twelve months as long term compensated absence. The company measures the expected cost of such absence as the additional amount that is expected to pay as a result of the unused estimate that has accumulated at the reporting date.

Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

Segment reporting

The Chief Operational Decision Maker monitors the operating results of its business segments separately for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluated based on profit or loss and is measured consistently with profit or loss in the financial statements.

In accordance with the Ind-As 108 -" Operating Segments" , the Company has determined its business segment of Gold and Silver Ornaments and Bullion products. Since there are no other business segments in which the Company operates, there are no other primary reportable segments. Therefore, the segment revenue, results, segment assets, segment liabilities, total cost incurred to acquire segment assets, depreciation charge are all as is reflected in the financial statement.

Related party transactions

Disclosure of transactions with Related Parties, as required by Ind-AS 24 "Related Party Disclosures" has been set out in a separate note. Related parties as defined under Ind-AS 24 have been identified on the basis of representations made by key managerial personnel and information available with the Company.

Earnings per share

The Basic EPS has been computed by dividing the income available to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the accounting year. For the purpose of calculating diluted earning per share, the profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

Taxes

Provision for Incoem tax is made in accordance with Provision of income tax Act 1961 Current income tax

Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-Tax Act, 1961 enacted in India. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantially enacted, at the reporting date.

Current income tax relating to items recognized outside the statement of profit and loss is recognized outside the statement of profit and loss (either in OCI or in equity). Current tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the balance sheet approach on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, except

> When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized, except:

> When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

"The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient future taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date

and are recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.”

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

Deferred tax relating to items recognized outside profit or loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to the statement of profit and loss as current tax.

The company recognizes MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the company will pay normal income tax during the specified period, i.e., the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. Deferred tax include MAT Credit Entitlement. The Company reviews the such tax credit asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent The Company does not have sufficient taxable temporary difference /convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period. Deferred tax includes MAT tax credit.

Impairment of non-financial assets

The company assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, The Company estimates the asset''s recoverable amount. An asset''s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s or cashgenerating unit''s (CGU) fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or group of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pretax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

"The company bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for each of the company''s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover a period of five years. For longer periods, a long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year.”

Impairment losses of continuing operations, including impairment on inventories, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss, except for properties previously revalued with the revaluation surplus taken to OCI. For such properties, the impairment is recognised in OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation surplus.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually as at year end at the CGU level, as appropriate, and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired.

Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets

General

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

Contingent liabilities and contingent assets

Contingent liabilities is disclosed in the case of :

a present obligation arising from past events, when it is not probable that an outflow of resources

embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation.

a present obligation arising from past events, when no reliable estimate can be made.

a possible obligation arising from past events, unless the probability of outflow of resources is remote.

Commitments includes the amount of purchase order (net of advances) issued to parties for completion of

assets.

Provisions, contingent liabilities, contingent assets and commitments are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

Expenditure

Expenditures are accounted net of taxes recoverable, wherever applicable.

Fair value measurement

The Company measures financial instruments, such as, derivatives at fair value at each balance sheet date. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

> In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

> In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

> Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities .

> Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

> Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

The Company''s management determines the policies and procedures for both recurring fair value measurement, such as derivative instruments and unquoted financial assets measured at fair value.

External valuer are involved for valuation of unquoted financial assets and financial liabilities, such as contingent consideration. Involvement of external valuer is decided upon annually by the management. Selection criteria includes market knowledge, reputation, independence and whether professional standards are maintained. The management decides, after discussions with the company''s external valuer, which valuation techniques and inputs to use for each case.

At each reporting date, the company analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are required to be remeasured or re-assessed as per the company''s accounting policies. For this analysis, the Company verifies the major inputs applied in the latest valuation by agreeing the information in the valuation computation to contracts and other relevant documents.

The Company , in conjunction with the Company''s external valuers, also compares the change in the fair value of each asset and liability with relevant external sources to determine whether the change is reasonable on a yearly basis.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Company has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained above.

This note summarises accounting policy for fair value. Other fair value related disclosures are given in the relevant notes.

Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. The Company recognizes financial assets and financial liabilities when it becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. It is broadly classified in financial assets, financial liabilities, derivatives & equity.

Financial assets

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial assets, except investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are recognised initially at fair value.

Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories:

> Debt instruments at amortised cost.

> Debt instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI).

> Debt instruments, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).

> Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI).

Debt instruments at amortised cost

A ''debt instrument'' is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

(a) The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

(b) Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

This category is the most relevant to the Company. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance income in the profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the profit or loss. This category generally applies to trade and other receivables.

Debt instrument at FVTOCI

A debt instrument is subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. The Company has not classified any financial asset into this category.

Debt instrument at FVTPL

FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for categorization as at amortized cost or as FVTOCI, is classified as at FVTPL.

In addition, the Company may elect to designate a debt instrument, which otherwise meets amortized cost or FVTOCI criteria, as at FVTPL. However, such election is allowed only if doing so reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as ''accounting mismatch''). The Company has not designated any debt instrument as at FVTPL.

Debt instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the P&L.

Equity instruments

All equity instruments in scope of Ind AS 109 are measured at fair value. Equity instruments which are held for trading and contingent consideration recognised by an acquirer in a business combination are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to P&L, even on sale of investment. However, The Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognized in the P&L.

Derecognition

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised (i.e. removed from the Company''s balance sheet) when:

> The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

> The Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ''pass-through'' arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership.

When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company''s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

Impairment of financial assets

The Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on the following financial assets and credit risk exposure;

a) Financial assets that are debt instruments, and are measured at amortised cost e.g. loans, debt securities, deposits, trade receivables and bank balances.

b) Financial assets that are debt instruments and are measured as at other comprehensive income (FVTOCI).

c) Trade receivables or any contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset that result from transactions that are within the scope of Ind AS 11 and Ind AS 18.

The Company follows ''simplified approach'' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on:

> Trade receivables or contract revenue receivables; and

> All lease receivables resulting from transactions within the scope of Ind AS 17.

Under the simplified approach the Company does not track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition. For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines that whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk said initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12 month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used.

ECL is the difference between all contracted cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at the original EIR. ECL impairment loss allowance ( or reversal) recognised during the period is recognised as (expense) / income in the statement of profit and loss (P&L). This amount is reflected under the head " Other Expense" in the P&L.

Financial liabilities

Initial recognition and measurement

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The Company''s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts.

Subsequent Measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss. Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term.

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the profit or loss.

Loans and borrowings

This is the category most relevant to the Company. After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit and loss.

Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

Reclassification of financial instruments

After initial recognition, no reclassification is made for financial assets which are equity instruments. For financial assets, which are debt instruments, a reclassification is made only if there is a change in the business model for managing those assets. Changes to the business model are expected to be infrequent. If the Company reclassifies the financial assets, it applies the reclassification prospectively from the reclassification date which is the first day of the immediately next reporting period following the change in the business model.

Offsetting financial assets and financial liabilities

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

Leases

The Company has applied Ind AS 116 ''Leases'' for the first time for annual reporting period commencing from April 01, 2019. Set out below are the new accounting policies of the Company upon adoption of Ind AS 116:

Right-of-use assets

The Company recognises right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Unless the Company is reasonably certain to obtain ownership of the leased asset at the end of the lease term, the recognised right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of its estimated useful life and the lease term. Right-of-use assets are subject to impairment.

Lease liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Company and payments of penalties for terminating a lease, if the lease term reflects the Company exercising the option to terminate. The variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as expense in the period on which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses the incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date if the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the in-substance fixed lease payments or a change in the assessment to purchase the underlying asset.

Lease liabilities

The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases of property, plant and equipment (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases of office equipment that are considered of low value. Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognised as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

"Significant judgement in determining the lease term of contracts with renewal options

The Company determines the lease term as the non-cancellable term of the lease, together with any periods covered by an option to extend the lease if it is reasonably certain to be exercised, or any periods covered by an option to terminate the lease, if it is reasonably certain not to be exercised."