Accounting Policies of Davangere Sugar Company Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2025

Note: -1 Significant accounting policies:

1.0 Corporate Information

DAVANGERE SUGAR COMPANY LTD is a Limited Company, incorporated under the provisions
of Companies Act, 1956 and having CIN: L37100KA1970PLC001949. The Company is engaged
in the business of Sugar Manufacturing (By-product Molasses) from Sugarcane and Co¬
generation of Electricity Power. The Registered office of the company is situated at 73/1,
POST BOX NO.312, SHAMANUR ROAD, DAVANGERE- 577004 (KARNATAKA STATE).

1.1 Basis of preparation of financial statements

a. Accounting Convention: -

The Financial Statements of the Company comprises the Balance Sheet as at 31 March, 2025,
and the Statement of Profit and Loss (including Other Comprehensive Income), the Statement
of Cash Flows and the Statement of Changes in Equity for the year then ended and a summary
of material accounting policies and other explanatory information (together referred to as the
"Financial Statements").

These Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the provision of the
Companies Act, 2013 (the ''Act'') to the extent notified. The Indian Accounting standards ("Ind
AS") are prescribed under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 3 of the
Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and relevant amendment rules issued
thereafter.

The financial statements have been prepared and presented under the historical cost
convention, on accrual and going concern basis except for certain financial assets and
financial liabilities that are measured at fair values at the end of each reporting period, as
explained in the accounting policies below. Historical cost is generally based on fair value of
the consideration given in exchange of goods and services.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an
orderly transition between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of
whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In
estimating the fair value for an asset or liability, the Company tables into account the
characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics
into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Fair value for
measurement and/or disclosure purposes in the financial statements is determined on such a
basis except for leasing transactions that arc within the scope of Ind AS 116 and
measurements that have some similarities to fair value but are not fair value, such as value in
use in IND AS 36.

When measuring the fair value of a financial asset or a financial liability, the Company uses
observable market data as far as possible. Fair values are categorised into different levels in a
fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:

Level 1: inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or
liabilities that the Company can access at the measurement date;

Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset
or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and

Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data
(unobservable inputs). Fair values are determined in whole or part using a valuation model
based on assumptions that are neither supported by prices from observable current
market transactions in the same instrument nor are they based on available market data.

If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of
the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorised in its entirety in the
same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire
measurement.

The Company recognises transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the
reporting period during which the change has occurred.

Accounting policies have been consistently applied except where a newly issued accounting
standard is initially adopted or a revision to an existing accounting standard requires a change
in accounting policy hitherto in use.

The financial statements of the Company for the year ended 31 March 2025 were approved
for issue in accordance with the Resolution passed by the Board of Directors their meeting
held on 14th May 2025 .

b. Functional and Presentation Currency

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes are rounded off to lakhs the
nearest INR rupee in compliance with Schedule III of the Act, unless otherwise stated.

The functional and presentation currency of the company is Indian rupees. This financial
statement is presented in Indian rupees. Due to rounding off, the numbers presented
throughout the document may not add up precisely to the totals and percentages may not
precisely reflect the absolute figures.

c. Compliance with Ind AS

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Ind AS notified under the
Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015.

d. Use of Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of the Ind AS financial statements in conformity with the generally accepted
accounting principles in India requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities as of the Balance Sheet date, reported
amount of revenue and expenses for the year and disclosure of contingent liabilities and
contingent assets as of the date of Balance Sheet. The estimates and assumptions used in
these Ind AS financial statements are based on management''s evaluation of the relevant facts
and circumstances as of the date of the Ind AS financial statements. The actual amounts may
differ from the estimates used in the preparation of the Ind AS financial statements and the
difference between actual results and the estimates are recognized in the period in which the
results are known/materialize.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed at each balance sheet date. Revisions to
accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised and in
future periods affected.

Particular, information about significant areas of estimation uncertainty and critical judgments
in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts
recognized in the financial Statement are as below:

1. Evaluation of recoverability of deferred tax assets/Liabilities;

2. Useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets;

3. Provisions and Contingencies;

4. Provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid/recovered for
uncertain tax positions;

5. Recognition of Deferred Tax Assets/Liabilities

6. Valuation of Financial Instruments;

e. Current versus Non-Current Classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the Balance Sheet based on current/ non¬
current classification.

An asset / liability is treated as current when it is:- .

i. Expected to be realized or intended to be sold or consumed or settled in norma!

operating cycle. -

ii. Held primarily for the purpose of trading.

iii. Expected to be realized / settled within twelve months after the reporting period,
or.

iv. Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a
liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

v. There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at ler.st
twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets and liabilities are classified as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities
respectively.

NS*

1.2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

(A) Property, Plant and Equipment

All items of property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation.
Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items.

Cost includes purchase price, non-recoverable taxes and duties, labour cost and direct
overheads for self-constructed assets and other direct costs incurred up to the date the asset is
ready for its intended use.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset,
as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item
will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying
amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognized when replaced. All
other repairs and maintenance are charged to profit or loss during the reporting period in
which they are incurred.

Depreciation is provided on the Written Down Value method (W.D.V.) over the estimated useful
lives of the assets considering the nature, estimated usage, operating conditions, past history of
replacement, anticipated technological changes, manufacturers'' warranties and maintenance
support. The Company provides pro-rata depreciation from the day the asset is put to use and
for any asset sold, till the date of sale.

Projects under commissioning and other Capital work-in-progress are carried at cost comprising
of direct and indirect costs, related incidental expenses and attributable interest. Depreciation
is not recorded on capital work-in-progress until construction and installation are complete and
the asset is ready for its intended use.

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized on disposal. Any gain or loss arising
from de-recognition of an item of property, plant and equipment is included in profit or loss.

(B) Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition net of recoverable taxes, accumulated
amortization, and impairment losses, if any. Such costs include purchase prica, borrowing cost,
and any cost directly attributable to bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended
use, net charges on foreign exchange contracts and adjustments arising from exchange rate
variations attributable to the intangible assets.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset,
as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item
will flow to the entity and cost can be measured reliably.

The amortization period for intangible assets with finite useful lives is reviewed at each year-
end. Changes in expected useful lives are treated as changes in accounting estimates.

Internally generated intangible asset Research costs are charged to the statement of Profit and
Loss in the year in which they are incurred.

The cost of an internally generated intangible asset is the sum of directly attributable
expenditure incurred from the date when the intangible asset first meets the recognition
criteria to the completion of its development.

Product development expenditure is measured at cost less accumulated amortization and
impairment, if any. Amortization is not recorded on product in progress until development is
complete.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an Intangible Asset are measured as the difference
between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in
the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

(C) Impairment of assets .

Goodwill and intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortization
and are tested annually for impairment, or more frequently if events or changes in
circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. Other assets are tested for impairment
whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be
recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the asset''s carrying
amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s fair
value less costs of disposal and value in use.

The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any indication that an asset
may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount
of the asset. If such recoverable amount of the asset or the recoverable amount of the cash¬
generating unit to which the asset belongs is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount
is reduced to its recoverable amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is
recognized in the statement of profit and loss. If at the balance sheet date there is an indication
that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is
reassessed and the asset is reflected at the recoverable amount subject to a maximum of

depreciable historical cost.

-

(D) Leases
As a lessee

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is,
if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in
exchange for consideration.

The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for
short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Group recognizes lease liabilities to make
lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.

Right of use assets

The Company recognizes right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the
date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any
accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease
liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognized,
initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date
less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis
over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets.

Lease Liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognizes lease liabilities measured at
the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments
include fixed payments (including in substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives
receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected
to be paid under residual value guarantees.

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing
rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not
readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is
increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In
addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a
change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments
resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change
in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset.

As Lessor:

At the inception of a lease, the lease arrangement is classified as either a finance lease or an
operating lease, based on contractual terms & substance of the lease arrangement. Whenever
the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee,
the contract is classified as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recognised as receivables at the amount of
the Company''s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting
periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the Company''s net investment
outstanding in respect of the leases.

M .vtO \Si

Rental income from operating leases is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the
relevant lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are
added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised on a straight-line basis over
the lease term.

(E) Segment Reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided
to Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM).

The Company has identified its Managing Director as CODM who is responsible for allocating
resources and assessing performance of the operating segments and makes strategic decisions.

The Company is operating in various business segments, such as Sugar, Co-Generation, Aviation,
and Distillery, Hence Segment reporting is applicable and appropriate disclosures have been
made in significant notes to accounting policies.

(F) Statement of Cashflow

Cash Flows of the Group are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit before tax is
adjusted for the effects of transactions of a noncash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or
future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with
investing or financing Cash Flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing
activities of the Company are segregated.

(G) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprises cash on hand, demand deposits and highly liquid
investments with an original maturity of up to three month that are readily convertible into
cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

(H) Inventories

Inventories includes raw material, semi-finished goods, stock -in -trade, finished goods, stores &
spares, consumables, packing materials, goods for resale and material in transit are valued at
lower of cost and net

Raw Material and Components - Cost include cost of purchases and other costs incurred in
bringing the inventories to their present location and condition, value Cost is determined on
First-In-First-Out basis.

Finished/Semi-Finished Goods - Cost includes cost of direct material, labor, other direct cost
(Including variable costs) and a proportion of fixed manufacturing overheads allocated based on
the normal operating capacity but excluding borrowing costs. Cost is determined on First-ln-

First-Out basis.

Stock-in-trade - Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the
inventories to their present location and conditions. Cost is determined on First-In-First-Out
basis.

Stores, Spare Parts, Consumables, Packing Materials etc. - Cost is determined on First-In-First-
Out basis.

Goods for Resale-valuation Cost is determined on First-In-First-Out basis.

Realizable Net realizable value represents the estimated selling price for inventories less all
estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale. Adequate allowance is
made for obsolete and slow-moving items.

(I) Foreign Currency Transactions

i) Initial Recognition

On initial recognition, all foreign currency transactions are recorded by applying to the
foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the functional currency and the
foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

ii) Subsequent Recognition

As at the reporting date, non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost
denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the
transaction. All non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar
valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that
existed when the values were determined.

All monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency are restated at the end of accounting
period. Exchange differences on restatement of all other monetary items are recognized in
the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Any subsequent events occurring after the Balance Sheet date up to the date of the
approval of the financial statement of the Company by the board of directors on 14^th May,
2025 have been considered, disclosed and adjusted, if changes or event are material in
nature wherever applicable, as per the requirement of Ind AS .

(J) Income Taxes

The tax expense for the period comprises of current tax and deferred income tax. Tax is
recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items
recognized in the Other Comprehensive Income or in Equity. In which case, the tax is also
recognized in Other Comprehensive Income or Equity.

I. Current tax: -

Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in
accordance with the taxation laws prevailing in the respective jurisdictions. Current tax
assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set
off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability
on a net basis.

II. Deferred tax:-

Deferred tax is recognized using the balance sheet approach. Deferred tax assets and
liabilities are recognized for deductible and taxable temporary differences arising
between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in financial
statements.

Deferred tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be
available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. The carrying amount of deferred
tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer
probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income
tax asset to be utilized.

---

Mar 31, 2024

Note: - 1 Significant accounting policies:

1.0 Corporate Information

DAVANGERE SUGAR COMPANY LTD is a Limited Company, incorporated under the provisions of Companies Act, 1956 and having CIN: L37100KA1970PLC001949. The Company is engaged in the business of Sugar Manufacturing (By-product Molasses) from Sugarcane and Cogeneration of Electricity Power. The Registered office of the company is situated at 73/1, POST BOX NO.312, SHAMANUR ROAD, DAVANGERE- 577004 (KARNATAKA STATE).

1.1 Basis of preparation of financial statements

a. Accounting Convention: -

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, i.e. Indian Accounting Standards (''Ind AS'') notified under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015. The Ind AS Financial Statements are prepared on historical cost convention, except in case of certain financial instruments which are recognized at fair value.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Part I of Schedule ll to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents.

b. Functional and Presentation Currency

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes are rounded off to lakhs the nearest INR rupee in compliance with Schedule III of the Act, unless otherwise stated.

The functional and presentation currency of the company is Indian rupees. This financial statement is presented in Indian rupees. Due to rounding off, the numbers presented throughout the document may not add up precisely to the totals and percentages may not precisely reflect the absolute figures.

c. Compliance with Ind AS

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Ind AS notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015.

d. Use of Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of the Ind AS financial statements in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles in India requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities as of the Balance Sheet date, reported amount of revenue and expenses for the year and disclosure of contingent labilities and contingent assets as of the date of Balance Sheet. The estimates and assumptions used in these Ind AS financial statements are based on management''s evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as of the date of the Ind AS financial statements. The actual amounts may differ from the estimates used in the preparation of the Ind AS financial statements and the difference between actual results and the estimates are recognized in the period in which the results are known/materialize.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed at each balance sheet date. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised and in future periods affected.

Particular, information about significant areas of estimation uncertainty and critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial Statement are as below:

1. Evaluation of recoverability of deferred tax assets/Liabilities;

2. Useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets;

3. Provisions and Contingencies;

4. Provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid/recovered for uncertain tax positions;

5. Recognition of Deferred Tax Assets/Liabilities

6. Valuation of Financial Instruments;

e. Current versus Non-Current Classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the Balance Sheet based on current/ noncurrent classification.

An asset / liability is treated as current when it is:-

i. Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed or settled in normal operating cycle.

ii. Held primarily for the purpose of trading.

iii. Expected to be realised / settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or.

iv. Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

v. There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets and liabilities are classified as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities respectively.

1.2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

(A) Property, Plant and Equipment

All items of property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items.

Cost includes purchase price, non-recoverable taxes and duties, labour cost and direct overheads for self-constructed assets and other direct costs incurred up to the date the asset is ready for its intended use.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognized when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to profit or loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

Depreciation is provided on the Written Down Value method (W.D.V.) over the estimated useful lives of the assets considering the nature, estimated usage, operating conditions, past history of replacement, anticipated technological changes, manufacturers'' warranties and maintenance support. The Company provides pro-rata depreciation from the day the asset is put to use and for any asset sold, till the date of sale.

Projects under commissioning and other Capital work-in-progress are carried at cost comprising of direct and indirect costs, related incidental expenses and attributable interest. Depreciation is not recorded on capital work-in-progress until construction and installation are complete and the asset is ready for its intended use.

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized on disposal. Any gain or loss arising from derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment is included in profit or loss.

(B) Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition net of recoverable taxes, accumulated amortization, and impairment losses, if any. Such costs include purchase price, borrowing cost, and any cost directly attributable to bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use, net charges on foreign exchange contracts and adjustments arising from exchange rate variations attributable to the intangible assets.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and cost can be measured reliably.

The amortisation period for intangible assets with finite useful lives is reviewed at each year-end. Changes in expected useful lives are treated as changes in accounting estimates.

Internally generated intangible asset Research costs are charged to the statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they are incurred.

The cost of an internally generated intangible asset is the sum of directly attributable expenditure incurred from the date when the intangible asset first meets the recognition criteria to the completion of its development.

Product development expenditure is measured at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment, if any. Amortization is not recorded on product in progress until development is complete.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an Intangible Asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

(C) Impairment of assets

Goodwill and intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortization and are tested annually for impairment, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. Other assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the asset''s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use.

The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any indication that an asset may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. If such recoverable amount of the asset or the recoverable amount of the cashgenerating unit to which the asset belongs is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognized in the statement of profit and loss. If at the balance sheet date there is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is reflected at the recoverable amount subject to a maximum of depreciable historical cost.

(D) Leases

As a lessee

The Company has applied IND AS 116 using the partial retrospective approach.

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Group recognizes lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.

Right of use assets

The Company recognizes right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the

date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognized, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets.

Lease Liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognizes lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees.

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset.

As Lessor:

At the inception of a lease, the lease arrangement is classified as either a finance lease or an operating lease, based on contractual terms & substance of the lease arrangement. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recognised as receivables at the amount of the Company''s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the Company''s net investment outstanding in respect of the leases.

Rental income from operating leases is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

(E) Segment Reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM).

The Company has identified its Managing Director as CODM who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments and makes strategic decisions.

The Company is operating in various business segments, such as Sugar, Co-Generation, Aviation, and Others, Hence Segment reporting is applicable and appropriate disclosures have been

made in significant notes to accounting policies.

(F) Statement of Cash flow

Cash Flows of the Group are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a noncash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing Cash Flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

(G) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprises cash on hand, demand deposits and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of up to three month that are readily convertible into cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

(H) Inventories

Inventories includes raw material, semi-finished goods, stock -in -trade, finished goods, stores & spares, consumables, packing materials, goods for resale and material in transit are valued at lower of cost and net

Raw Material and Components - Cost include cost of purchases and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. value Cost is determined on First-In-First-Out basis.

Finished/Semi-Finished Goods - Cost includes cost of direct material, labor, other direct cost (Including variable costs) and a proportion of fixed manufacturing overheads allocated based on the normal operating capacity but excluding borrowing costs. Cost is determined on First-InFirst-Out basis.

Stock-in-trade - Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and conditions. Cost is determined on First-In-First-Out basis.

Stores, Spare Parts, Consumables, Packing Materials etc. - Cost is determined on on First-InFirst-Out basis.

Goods for Resale - valuation Cost is determined on First-In-First-Out basis.

Realizable Net realizable value represents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale. Adequate allowance is made for obsolete and slow-moving items.

(I) Foreign Currency Transactions

i) Initial Recognition

On initial recognition, all foreign currency transactions are recorded by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

ii) Subsequent Recognition

As at the reporting date, non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. All non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.

All monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency are restated at the end of accounting period. Exchange differences on restatement of all other monetary items are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Any subsequent events occurring after the Balance Sheet date up to the date of the approval of the financial statement of the Company by the board of directors on 30^th May, 2023 have been considered, disclosed and adjusted, if changes or event are material in nature wherever applicable, as per the requirement of Ind AS .

(J) Income Taxes

The tax expense for the period comprises of current tax and deferred income tax. Tax is recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in the Other Comprehensive Income or in Equity. In which case, the tax is also recognized in Other Comprehensive Income or Equity.

I. Current tax: -

Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the taxation laws prevailing in the respective jurisdictions. Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.

II. Deferred tax:-

Deferred tax is recognized using the balance sheet approach. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for deductible and taxable temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in financial statements.

Deferred tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilized.

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Mar 31, 2023

Significant Accounting Policies1.0 Corporate Information

DAVANGERE SUGAR COMPANY LTD. is a Li mited Company, incorporated under the provisions of Companies Act, 1956 and having CIN: L37100KA1970PLC001949. The Company is engaged in the business of Sugar Manufacturing (By-product Molasses) from Sugarcane and Co-generation of Electricity Power. The Registered office of the company is situated at 73/1, POST BOX NO.312, SHAMANUR ROAD, DAVANGERE- 577004 (KARNATAKA STATE).

1.1 Basis of preparation of financial statementsa. Accounting Convention: -

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, i.e. Indian Accounting Standards (''Ind AS'') notified under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules 2015. The Ind AS Financial Statements are prepared on historical cost convention, except in case of certain financial instruments which are recognized at fair value.

All assets and liabilities have been classified as current or non-current as per the Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in the Part I of Schedule ll to the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization in cash and cash equivalents.

b. Functional and Presentation Currency

All amounts disclosed in the financial statements and notes are rounded off to lakhs the nearest INR rupee in compliance with Schedule III of the Act, unless otherwise stated.

The functional and presentation currency of the company is Indian rupees. This financial statement is presented in Indian rupees. Due to rounding off, the numbers presented throughout the document may not add up precisely to the totals and percentages may not precisely reflect the absolute figures.

c. Compliance with Ind AS

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Ind AS notified under the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015.

d. Use of Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of the Ind AS financial statements in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles in India requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities as of the Balance Sheet date, reported amount of revenue and expenses for the year and disclosure of contingent liabilities and contingent assets as of the date of Balance Sheet. The estimates and assumptions used in these Ind AS financial statements are based on management''s evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as of the date of the Ind AS financial statements. The actual amounts may differ from the estimates used in the preparation of the Ind AS financial statements and the difference between actual results and the estimates are recognized in the period in which the results are known/materialize.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed at each balance sheet date. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised and in future periods affected.

Particular, information about significant areas of estimation uncertainty and critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial Statement are as below:

1. Evaluation of recoverability of deferred tax assets/Liabilities;

2. Useful lives of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets;

3. Provisions and Contingencies;

4. Provision for income taxes, including amount expected to be paid/recovered for uncertain tax positions;

5. Recognition of Deferred Tax Assets/Liabilities

6. Valuation of Financial Instruments;

e. Current versus Non-Current Classification

The Company presents assets and liabilities in the Balance Sheet based on current/ non-current classification. An asset / liability is treated as current when it is:-

i. Expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed or settled in normal operating cycle.

ii. Held primarily for the purpose of trading.

iii. Expected to be realised / settled within twelve months after the reporting period, or.

iv. Cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

v. There is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.

All other assets and liabilities are classified as non-current.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current assets and liabilities respectively.

1.2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES:(A) Property, Plant and Equipment

All items of property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items.

Cost includes purchase price, non-recoverable taxes and duties, labour cost and direct overheads for self-constructed assets and other direct costs incurred up to the date the asset is ready for its intended use.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of any component accounted for as a separate asset is derecognized when replaced. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to profit or loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

Depreciation is provided on the Written Down Value method (W.D.V.) over the estimated useful lives of the assets considering the nature, estimated usage, operating conditions, past history of replacement, anticipated technological changes, manufacturers'' warranties and maintenance support. The Company provides pro-rata depreciation from the day the asset is put to use and for any asset sold, till the date of sale.

Projects under commissioning and other Capital work-in-progress are carried at cost comprising of direct and indirect costs, related incidental expenses and attributable interest. Depreciation is not recorded on capital work-in-progress until construction and installation are complete and the asset is ready for its intended use.

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized on disposal. Any gain or loss arising from derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment is included in profit or loss.

(B) Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost of acquisition net of recoverable taxes, accumulated amortization, and impairment losses, if any. Such costs include purchase price, borrowing cost, and any cost directly attributable to bringing the asset to its working condition for the intended use, net charges on foreign exchange contracts and adjustments arising from exchange rate variations attributable to the intangible assets.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity and cost can be measured reliably.

The amortisation period for intangible assets with finite useful lives is reviewed at each year-end. Changes in expected useful lives are treated as changes in accounting estimates.

Internally generated intangible asset Research costs are charged to the statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they are incurred.

The cost of an internally generated intangible asset is the sum of directly attributable expenditure incurred from the date when the intangible asset first meets the recognition criteria to the completion of its development.

Product development expenditure is measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment, if any. Amortisation is not recorded on product in progress until development is complete.

Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an Intangible Asset are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

(C) Impairment of assets

Goodwill and intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortization and are tested annually for impairment, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. Other assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the asset''s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset''s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use.

The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is any indication that an asset may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the asset. If such recoverable amount of the asset or the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs is less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to its recoverable amount. The reduction is treated as an impairment loss and is recognized in the statement of profit and loss. If at the balance sheet date there is an indication that a previously assessed impairment loss no longer exists, the recoverable amount is reassessed and the asset is reflected at the recoverable amount subject to a maximum of depreciable historical cost.

(D) Leases As a lessee

The Company has applied IND AS 116 using the partial retrospective approach.

The Company assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

The Company applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Group recognizes lease liabilities to make lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.

Right of use assets

The Company recognizes right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and adjusted for any re-measurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognized, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets

are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and the estimated useful lives of the assets.

Lease Liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Company recognizes lease liabilities measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments (including in substance fixed payments) less any lease incentives receivable, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees.

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date because the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced for the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset.

As Lessor:

At the inception of a lease, the lease arrangement is classified as either a finance lease or an operating lease, based on contractual terms & substance of the lease arrangement. Whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recognised as receivables at the amount of the Company''s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the Company''s net investment outstanding in respect of the leases.

Rental income from operating leases is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

(E) Segment Reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM).

The Company has identified its Managing Director as CODM who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments and makes strategic decisions.

The Company is operating in various business segments, such as Sugar, Co-Generation, Aviation, and Others, Hence Segment reporting is applicable and appropriate disclosures have been made in significant notes to accounting policies.

(F) Statement of Cashflow

Cash Flows of the Group are reported using the indirect method, whereby profit before tax is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a noncash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments and item of income or expenses associated with investing or financing Cash Flows. The cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities of the Company are segregated.

(G) Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprises cash on hand, demand deposits and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of up to three month that are readily convertible into cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

(H) Inventories

Inventories includes raw material, semi-finished goods, stock -in -trade, finished goods, stores & spares, consumables, packing materials, goods for resale and material in transit are valued at lower of cost and net

Raw Material and Components - Cost include cost of purchases and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. value Cost is determined on First-In-First-Out basis.

Finished/Semi-Finished Goods - Cost includes cost of direct material, labor, other direct cost (Including variable costs) and a proportion of fixed manufacturing overheads allocated based on the normal operating capacity but excluding borrowing costs. Cost is determined on First-In-First-Out basis.

Stock-in-trade - Cost includes cost of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and conditions. Cost is determined on First-In-First-Out basis.

Stores, Spare Parts, Consumables, Packing Materials etc. - Cost is determined on on First-In-First-Out basis. Goods for Resale - valuation Cost is determined on First-In-First-Out basis.

Realizable Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale. Adequate allowance is made for obsolete and slow-moving items.

(I) Foreign Currency Transactionsi) Initial Recognition

On initial recognition, all foreign currency transactions are recorded by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction.

ii) Subsequent Recognition

As at the reporting date, non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. All non-monetary items which are carried at fair value or other similar valuation denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rates that existed when the values were determined.

All monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency are restated at the end of accounting period. Exchange differences on restatement of all other monetary items are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Any subsequent events occurring after the Balance Sheet date up to the date of the approval of the financial statement of the Company by the board of directors on 30th May, 2023 have been considered, disclosed and adjusted, if changes or event are material in nature wherever applicable, as per the requirement of Ind AS.

(J) Income Taxes

The tax expense for the period comprises of current tax and deferred income tax. Tax is recognized in Statement of Profit and Loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in the Other Comprehensive Income or in Equity. In which case, the tax is also recognized in Other Comprehensive Income or Equity.

I. Current tax: -

Current tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the taxation laws prevailing in the respective jurisdictions. Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.

II. Deferred tax:-

Deferred tax is recognized using the balance sheet approach. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for deductible and taxable temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in financial statements.

Deferred tax asset is recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each

reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilized.

(K) Provisions and Contingencies Provisions:

Provisions are recognised when there is a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and there is a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation. Provisions are measured at the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the Balance sheet date and are discounted to its present value as appropriate.

Contingent Liabilities:

Contingent liabilities are disclosed when there is a possible obligation arising from past events, the existence of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or nonoccurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the company or a present obligation that arises from past events where it is either not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle or a reliable estimate of the amount cannot be made, is termed as a contingent liability.

(L) Revenue recognition

Revenue is measured at fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Revenue is recognized when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring a promised good or service (i.e. an asset) to a customer. An asset is transferred when (or as) the customer obtains control of that asset.

When (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied, the Company recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price (excluding estimates of variable consideration) that is allocated to that performance obligation.

The Company applies the five-step approach for recognition of revenue:

i. Identification of contract(s) with customers;

ii. Identification of the separate performance obligations in the contract;

iii. Determination of transaction price;

iv. Allocation of transaction price to the separate performance obligations; and

v. Recognition of revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied.

(M) Other income:

Interest: Interest income is calculated on effective interest rate, but recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable.

Dividend: Dividend income is recognised when the right to receive dividend is established.

(N) Finance Cost

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of qualifying assets are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets. A qualifying asset is one that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. Based on borrowings incurred specifically for financing the asset or the weighted average rate of all other borrowings, if no specific borrowings have been incurred for the asset.

Interest income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation.

Borrowing costs include exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent they are regarded as an adjustment to the interest cost.

All other borrowing costs are charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the period for which they are incurred.

(O) Earnings per share (EPS):

Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. For the purpose of calculating diluted EPS, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of additional equity shares that would have been outstanding are considered assuming the conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Earnings considered in ascertaining the EPS is the net profit for the period and any attributable tax thereto for the period.

(P) Employee benefits

i. Provident Fund

Retirement benefit in the form of Provident Fund is a defined contribution scheme. The Company has no obligation, other than the contribution payable to the provident fund. The Company recognises contribution payable to the provident fund scheme as an expense when an employee renders the related service.

ii. Gratuity

Gratuity is in the nature of a defined benefit plan. Provision for gratuity is calculated on the basis of actuarial valuations carried out at balance sheet date and is charged to the statement of profit and loss. The actuarial valuation is performed using the projected unit credit method. Remeasurement, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability and the return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest on the net defined benefit liability), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.

(Q) Fair Value Measurement:

The Company measures financial instruments such as investments in quoted share, certain other investments etc. at fair value at each Balance Sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability at the measurement date. All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole.

Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

(R) Financial Instruments:

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial assets:

Initial recognition

Financial assets are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. Financial assets other than trade receivables and other specific assets are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs for all financial assets not carried at fair value through profit or loss. Financial assets carried at fair value through profit or loss are initially recognised at fair value, and transaction costs are expensed in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Subsequent measurement

Financial assets, other than equity instruments, are subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income or fair value through profit or loss on the basis of both:

i. The entity''s business model for managing the financial assets and

ii. The contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset.

De-recognition

The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers rights to receive cash flows from an asset, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company''s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

Financial Liabilities:

Initial Recognition and Subsequent Measurement

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and in case of borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable cost. Financial liabilities are subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method. For trade and other payables maturing within one year from the Balance Sheet date, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments. Changes in the amortised value of liability are recorded as finance cost.

De-recognition

A financial liability is de-recognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.