Accounting Policies of Ambuja Cements Ltd. Company

Mar 31, 2025

3. Summary of Material accounting policies

A. Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at their
cost of acquisition / installation / construction net
of accumulated depreciation, and accumulated
impairment losses, if any, except freehold non-mining
land which is carried at cost less accumulated
impairment losses. The cost of acquisition is the cash
price equivalent paid at the recognition date which
is equivalent to the fair value of an asset acquired.

Subsequent expenditures are included in the asset''s
carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset,
as appropriate, only when it is probable that future
economic benefits associated with the item will
flow to the Company and the cost of the item can
be measured reliably.

When significant parts of plant and equipment are
required to be replaced at intervals, the Company
depreciates them separately based on their specific
useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is
performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying
amount of the property, plant and equipment as a
replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied.
All other repairs and maintenance are charged to
the statement of profit and loss during the reporting
period in which they are incurred.

The present value of the expected cost for the
decommissioning of an asset after its use is included
in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition
criteria for provisions are met.

Spares which meet the definition of property, plant
and equipment are capitalised as on the date of
acquisition. The corresponding old spares are
derecognised on such date with consequent impact
in the statement of profit and loss.

Property, plant and equipment which are not ready
for their intended use as on the balance sheet
date are disclosed as "Capital work-in-progress".
Directly attributable expenditure related to and
incurred during implementation of Capital projects
to get the assets ready for intended use and for a
qualifying assets is included under "Capital work-in¬
progress (including related inventories)”. The same
is allocated to the respective items of Property
Plant and Equipment on completion of construction
(development of projects). Capital work-in-progress
is stated at cost, net of accumulated impairment loss,
if any. Such items are classified to the appropriate
category of property, plant and equipment when
completed and ready for their intended use.
Advances given towards acquisition / construction of
property, plant and equipment outstanding at each
balance sheet date are disclosed as Capital Advances
under "Other non-current assets".

Capital expenses incurred by the Company on
construction/development of certain assets which
are essential for production, supply of goods or for
the access to any existing Assets of the Company
are recognised as enabling Assets under Property,
plant and equipment.

Depreciation on property, plant, and equipment

The Company, based on technical assessment made
by technical expert and management estimate,
depreciates certain items of building, plant and
equipment over estimated useful lives which are
different from the useful life prescribed in Schedule
II to the Companies Act, 2013. The management
believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic
and reflect fair approximation of the period over
which the assets are likely to be used. Depreciation is
calculated using "Written down value method” for
assets related to Captive Power Plant and using
"Straight-line method” for other assets.

The Company identifies and depreciates cost of
each component / part of the asset separately, if the
component / part have a cost, which is significant to
the total cost of the asset and has a useful life that is
materially different from that of the remaining asset.

Depreciation on additions to property, plant and
equipment is provided on a pro-rata basis from the
date of acquisition, or installation, or construction,
when the asset is ready for intended use.

Depreciation on an item of property, plant and
equipment sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped,
is provided up to the date on which the said asset is
sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped.

Capitalised spares are depreciated over their own
estimated useful life or the estimated useful life of
the parent asset whichever is lower.

The Company reviews the residual value, useful lives
and depreciation method on each reporting date and,
if expectations differ from previous estimates, the
change is accounted for as a change in accounting
estimate on a prospective basis. The residual values,
useful lives and methods of depreciation of property,
plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial
year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

I n respect of an asset for which impairment loss,
if any, is recognised, depreciation is provided on
the revised carrying amount of the asset over its
remaining useful life.

Property, plant, and equipment, constructed by the
Company, but ownership of which vests with the
Government / Local authorities:

i. Expenditure on Power lines is depreciated over
the period as permitted in the Electricity Supply
Act, 1948 / 2003 as applicable.

ii. Expenditure on Marine structures is depreciated
over the period of the agreement.

iii. Expenditure on roads constructed is depreciated
for the period ranging from 10 to 30 years.

a) it is probable that the future economic
benefit associated with the stripping activity
will be realised.

b) the component of the limestone body for which
access has been improved can be identified; and

c) the costs relating to the stripping activity
associated with the improved access can be
reliably measured.

Derecognition of intangible assets

An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or
when no future economic benefits are expected
from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from
derecognition of an intangible asset, if any, are
measured as the difference between the net disposal
proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and
are recognised in the statement of profit and loss
when the asset is derecognised.

Contract based Intangibles

The Company recognises contract-based intangible
asset when the economic benefit under the

contract starts flowing to the entity and control
over the intangible asset is established. Till the
time such economic benefits start flowing to entity,
it is disclosed under Other Non-current assets as
"Payment under Long-term supply arrangement”.
The Company reclassifies such balance to intangible
assets once the economic benefit start accruing
to the Company.

Contract based intangibles are initially recognised
at cost. Subsequent to initial recognition,
contract-based intangibles are carried at cost
less accumulated amortisation and accumulated
impairment losses, if any.

The useful life of the contract-based intangibles
for purpose of its amortisation is considered to be
shorter of the period of contractual rights or period
over which entity expects to obtain economic
benefits from the asset. Further, at every reporting
date, the contract-based intangibles are also tested
for impairment in case of an indication that the
contract-based intangibles might be impaired.

Derecognition of property plant and equipment

An item of Property, Plant and Equipment and any
significant part initially recognised is derecognised
upon disposal or when no future economic benefits
are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss
arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as
the difference between the net disposal proceeds
and the carrying amount of the asset) is recognised
in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset
is derecognised.

B. Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured
on initial recognition at cost. Cost comprises the
purchase price (net of tax / duty credits availed
wherever applicable) and any directly attributable
cost of bringing the assets to its working condition
for its intended use. The cost of intangible assets
acquired in a business combination is their fair
value at the date of acquisition. Following initial
recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost
less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated
impairment losses, if any.

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as
either finite or indefinite.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over
the useful economic life and assessed for impairment
whenever there is an indication that the intangible
asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and
the amortisation method for an intangible asset
with a finite useful life are reviewed during each
reporting period. Changes in the expected useful
life or the expected pattern of consumption of
future economic benefits embodied in the asset
are considered to modify the amortisation period or
method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in
accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on
intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in the
statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure
forms part of carrying value of another asset.

Stripping Cost - Stripping costs are allocated and
included as a component of the mine asset when they
represent significantly improved access to limestone,
provided all the following conditions are met:

C. Impairment of non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of other non-financial assets,
other than inventories and deferred tax assets are
reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any
indication of impairment based on internal / external
factors. An impairment loss, if any, is recognised
in the statement of profit and loss wherever the
carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable
amount. The recoverable amount is the higher
of the asset''s fair value less cost of disposal and
value in use. Recoverable amount is determined
for an individual asset, unless the asset does not

generate cash inflows that are largely independent
of those from other assets of or Group of assets.
In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash
flows are discounted to their present value using a
pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market
assessments of the time value of money and risks
specific to the assets. In determining fair value less
costs of disposal, recent market transactions are
taken into account. If no such transactions can be
identified, an appropriate valuation model is used.
A previously recognised impairment loss, if any, is
reversed when there is an indication of reversal,

however, the carrying value after reversal is not
increased beyond the carrying value that would
have prevailed by charging usual depreciation /
amortisation if there was no impairment.

D. Inventories

I nventories are valued at the lower of cost and net
realisable value. Costs incurred in bringing each
product to its present location and condition are
accounted for as follows:

I. Raw materials, stores and spare parts, fuel
and packing material:

Cost incl ud es purchase price, other costs
incurred in bringing the inventories to their
present location and condition, and includes
non-refundable taxes. Materials and other items
held for use in the production of inventories are
not written down below cost if the finished
products in which they will be incorporated are
expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is
determined on a moving weighted average basis.

The Company conducts regular reviews
of stores and spares inventory ageing to
identify slow-moving and non-moving items.
Inventories with limited movement and low
anticipated future utility are appropriately
provided. The Company applies established
provisioning norms to write down the value of
such inventories, based on the ageing analysis.

II. Work-in-progress, finished goods and stock-in¬
trade:

Cost includes direct materials and labour and a
proportion of manufacturing overheads based
on normal operating capacity but excluding
borrowing costs. Cost of Stock-in-trade includes
cost of purchase and other cost incurred in
bringing the inventories to the present location
and condition. Cost is determined on a moving
weighted average basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling
price in the ordinary course of business, less
estimated costs of completion and estimated
costs necessary to make the sale.

E. Investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint
ventures

I nvestments in subsidiaries, associates and joint
ventures are accounted for at cost, net of impairment,
if any. Cost includes transaction cost which is
directly attributable to the cost of acquisition of
the investments.

F. Fair value measurement

The Company measures its financial instruments,
such as derivatives, government securities and
mutual funds at fair value at each balance sheet date.

The fair value measurement is based on the
presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or
transfer the liability takes place either:

a) In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

b) In the absence of a principal market, in the most
advantageous market for the asset or liability.

The principal or the most advantageous market must
be accessible by the Company.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell
an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly
transaction between market participants at the
measurement date. The Company uses valuation
techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances
and for which sufficient data are available to measure
fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable
inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is
measured or disclosed in the financial statements
are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, based
on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair
value measurement as a whole.

External valuers are involved for valuation of
significant assets, such as unquoted financial assets
and financial liabilities and derivatives.

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the
financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company
determines whether transfers have occurred between
levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorisation
(based on the lowest level input that is significant to
the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of
each reporting period.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is
measured as disclosed in the financial statements
are categorised within the fair value hierarchy
described in Note 54.

G. Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially
measured at fair value with the exception of trade
receivables that do not contain a significant financing
component or for which the Company has applied the
practical expedient, the Company initially measures
a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case
of a financial asset not at fair value through profit
or loss, transaction costs Transaction costs that are
directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of
financial assets and financial liabilities (other than
financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value
through the statement of profit and loss) are added
to or deducted from the fair value of the financial
assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial
recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable
to the acquisition of financial assets or financial
liabilities at fair value through the statement of profit
and loss are recognised immediately in the statement
of profit and loss.

I. Financial assets

a) Initial recognition and measurement of
financial assets

The Company recognises a financial asset in
its balance sheet when it becomes party to
the contractual provisions of the instrument.
All financial assets are recognised initially at
fair value, plus in the case of financial assets
not recorded at fair value through profit or loss,
transaction costs that are attributable to the
acquisition of the financial asset. All regular
way purchases or sales of financial assets are
recognised and derecognised on a trade date
basis, i.e., the date that the Company commits
to purchase or sell the asset. Regular way
purchases or sales are purchases or sales of
financial assets that require delivery of assets
within the time frame established by regulation
or convention in the marketplace.

The classification of financial assets at initial
recognition depends on the financial asset''s

contractual cash flow characteristics and the
Company''s business model for managing them.

Trade receivables that do not contain a
significant financing component or for
which the Company has applied the practical
expedient are measured at the transaction
price determined under Ind AS 115. Refer to the
accounting policies in Section (I) Revenue from
contracts with customers.

b) Subsequent measurement of financial assets

All recognised financial assets are subsequently
measured in their entirety at either amortised
cost or fair value, depending on the classification
of the financial assets.

Classification and measurement of
Financial assets

For purposes of subsequent measurement,
financial assets are classified in the
following categories:

Financial assets measured at amortised cost

Financial assets that meet the following
conditions are subsequently measured at
amortised cost using effective interest method
("EIR") (except for debt instruments that are
designated as at fair value through profit or loss
on initial recognition):

¦ the asset is held within a business model
whose objective is to hold assets in order to
collect contractual cash flows; and

¦ Contractual terms of the asset give rise on
specified dates to cash flows that are solely
payments of principal and interest (SPPI)
on the principal amount outstanding.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking
into account any discount or premium on
acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral
part of the EIR.

Financial Assets at Fair Value through Other
Comprehensive Income (FVTOCI)

Financial assets that meet the criteria for initial
recognition at FVTOCI are remeasured at fair
value at the end of each reporting date through
other comprehensive income (OCI).

Financial assets at fair value through profit
or loss (FVTPL)

Financial assets that do not meet the
amortised cost criteria or FVTOCI criteria are
measured at FVTPL.

c) Derecognition of financial assets

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of
a financial asset or part of a Company of similar
financial assets) is primarily derecognised when:

i. The rights to receive cash flows from the
asset have expired, or

ii. The Company has transferred its contractual
rights to receive cash flows from the
asset or has assumed an obligation to pay
the received cash flows in full without
material delay to a third party under a
''pass-through'' arrangement and either (a)
the Company has transferred substantially
all the risks and rewards of the asset, or
(b) the Company has neither transferred
nor retained substantially all the risks and
rewards of the asset, but has transferred
control of the asset.

On derecognition of a financial asset in
its entirety, the difference between the
asset''s carrying amount and the sum of the
consideration received and receivable and
the cumulative gain or loss that had been
recognised in other comprehensive income
and accumulated in equity is recognised
in the statement of profit and loss if such
gain or loss would have otherwise been
recognised in the statement of profit and
loss on disposal of that financial asset.

d) Impairment of financial assets

The Company applies the expected credit
loss model for recognising impairment loss on
financial assets measured at amortised cost,
trade receivables and other contractual rights
to receive cash or other financial asset.

The Company measures the loss allowance for
a Trade Receivables and Contract Assets by
following ''simplified approach'' at an amount
equal to the lifetime expected credit losses.

In case of other financial assets 12-month
ECL is used to provide for impairment loss and
where credit risk has increased significantly,
lifetime ECL is used.

The Company considers a financial asset in
default when contractual payments are 90
days past due. However, in certain cases, the
Company may also consider a financial asset
to be in default when internal or external
information indicates that the Company is
unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual
amounts in full before taking into account any
credit enhancements held by the Company.
A financial asset is written off when there is
no reasonable expectation of recovering the
contractual cash flows.

II. Financial liabilities and equity instruments
a) Financial liabilities

i. Initial recognition and measurement

The Company recognises a financial liability
in its balance sheet when it becomes
party to the contractual provisions of
the instrument.The Company''s financial
liabilities majorly includes trade payables
and payable towards purchase of Property,
Plant and Equipment.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially
at fair value and, in the case of payables, net
of directly attributable transaction costs.

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial
recognition, as financial liabilities at fair
value through profit or loss or at amortised
cost as appropriate.

ii. Subsequent measurement of financial
liabilities at amortised cost

Financial liabilities that are not held-for-
trading and are not designated as at
FVTPL are measured at amortised cost
at the end of subsequent reporting
periods. The carrying amounts of financial
liabilities that are subsequently measured
at amortised cost are determined based on
the effective interest rate method.

iii. Subsequent measurement of financial
liabilities at fair value through profit
or loss (FVTPL)

Financial liabilities at fair value through
profit or loss include financial liabilities
held for trading and financial liabilities
designated upon initial recognition as at
fair value through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities are classified as held
for trading if they are incurred for the
purpose of repurchasing in the near term.
This category also includes derivative
financial instruments entered into by the
Company that are not designated as hedging
instruments in hedge relationships as
defined by Ind AS 109. Separated embedded
derivatives are also classified as held for
trading unless they are designated as
effective hedging instruments.

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading
are recognised in the statement of profit
and loss account.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial
recognition at fair value through profit or
loss are designated as such at the initial
date of recognition, and only if the criteria
in Ind AS 109 are satisfied.

iv. Derecognition of financial liabilities

A financial liability is derecognised when the
obligation under the liability is discharged
or cancelled or expired. When an existing
financial liability is replaced by another
from the same lender on substantially
different terms, or the terms of an existing
liability are substantially modified, such
an exchange or modification is treated as
the derecognition of the original liability
and the recognition of a new liability.
The difference in the respective carrying
amounts is recognised in the statement of
profit and loss.

III. Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are

offset, and the net amount is reported in the

balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable

legal right to offset the recognised amounts and
there is an intention to settle on a net basis,
to realise the assets and settle the liabilities
simultaneously.

---

Mar 31, 2024

1. Corporate information

Ambuja Cements Limited (''the Company or "ACL”) is a public limited company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Its shares are listed on National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in India and its GDRs are listed under the EURO Multilateral Trading Facility (MTF) Platform of Luxembourg Stock Exchange. During the previous year, the Company has changed its registered office to Adani Corporate House, Shantigram, SG. Highway, Khodiyar, Ahmedabad -382421, Gujarat from Ambujanagar, Taluka Kodinar, Dist. Gir Somnath, Gujarat.

The Company''s CIN: L26942GJ1981PLC004717.

The Company, currently has multiple cement projects located at various locations with a combined installed and commissioned cement capacity of 31.45 MTPA as at March 31, 2024.

The Company''s principal activity is to manufacture and market cement and cement related products.

These financial statements were approved for issue in accordance with the resolution of the Board of Directors on May 1, 2024.

2. Statement of compliance and basis of preparation

A. Basis of preparation

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as the ''Ind AS'') as notified the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (as amended from time to time) and presentation requirements of Division II of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, (Ind AS compliant Schedule III)

The financial statements have been prepared on going concern basis using historical cost, except for the following assets and liabilities which have been measured at fair value:

1) Derivative financial instruments, and

2) Certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments).

Historical cost is the amount of cash or cash equivalents paid or the fair value of the consideration given to acquire assets at the time of their acquisition, or the amount of proceeds received in exchange for the obligation, or at the amount of cash or cash equivalents expected to be paid to satisfy the liability in the normal course of business.

Financial statements are presented in '' which is the functional currency, and all values are rounded to the nearest crore as per the requirement of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, except where otherwise indicated. The Company has prepared the financial statements on the basis that it will continue to operate as a going concern.

The standalone financial statements provide comparative information in respect of the previous period. The accounting policies are applied consistently to all the periods presented in the standalone financial statements.

3. Material accounting policies

A. Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at their cost of acquisition / installation / construction net of accumulated depreciation, and accumulated impairment losses, if any, except freehold nonmining land which is carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

Subsequent expenditures are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the property, plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the statement of profit and loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred.

The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included

The useful life as estimated above is as per the prescribed useful life specified under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 except for the following case:

Estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:
Assets	Useful lives
Land (freehold)	No depreciation except on land with mineral reserves. Cost of mineral reserves embedded in the cost of freehold mining land is depreciated in proportion of actual quantity of minerals extracted to the estimated quantity of extractable mineral reserves
Leasehold mining land	Amortised over the period of lease on a straight line basis
Buildings, roads and water works	3 - 60 years
Plant and equipment	8 - 30 years
Railway sidings and locomotives	8 - 15 years
Furniture, office equipment and tools	3 - 10 years
Vehicles	6 - 10 years
Ships	25 years

Particulars	Useful Life estimated by the management	Useful Life as per Schedule II
Plant and Equipment related to Captive Power Plant	20 to 40 years	40 years

in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for provisions are met.

Spares which meet the definition of property, plant and equipment are capitalised as on the date of acquisition. The corresponding old spares are derecognized on such date with consequent impact in the statement of profit and loss.

Property, plant and equipment which are not ready for their intended use as on the balance sheet date are disclosed as "Capital work-in-progress”. Capital work in progress is stated at cost, net of accumulated impairment loss, if any. Such items are classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment when completed and ready for their intended use. Capital work in progress is stated at cost, net of accumulated impairment loss, if any. Advances given towards acquisition / construction of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each balance sheet date are disclosed as Capital Advances under "Other non-current assets”.

Capital Expenses incurred by the company on construction/development of certain assets which are essential for production, supply of goods or for the access to any existing Assets of the company are recognised as Enabling Assets under Property, Plant and Equipment.

Depreciation on property, plant, and equipment

The Company, based on technical assessment made by technical expert and management estimate, depreciates certain items of building, plant and equipment over estimated useful lives which are different from the useful life prescribed in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013. The management believes that these estimated useful lives are realistic and reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used. Depreciation is calculated using "Written down value method” for assets related to Captive Power Plant and using "Straight line method” for other assets.

The Company identifies and depreciates cost of each component / part of the asset separately, if the component / part have a cost, which is significant to the total cost of the asset and has a useful life that is materially different from that of the remaining asset.

Depreciation on additions to property, plant and equipment is provided on a pro-rata basis from the date of acquisition, or installation, or construction, when the asset is ready for intended use.

Depreciation on an item of property, plant and equipment sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped, is provided upto the date on which the said asset is sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped.

Capitalised spares are depreciated over their own estimated useful life or the estimated useful life of the parent asset whichever is lower.

The Company reviews the residual value, useful lives and depreciation method on each reporting date and, if expectations differ from previous estimates, the change is accounted for as a change in accounting estimate on a prospective basis. The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

I n respect of an asset for which impairment loss, if any, is recognised, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

Property, plant, and equipment, constructed by the Company, but ownership of which vests with the Government / Local authorities:

i. Expenditure on Power lines is depreciated over the period as permitted in the Electricity Supply Act, 1948 / 2003 as applicable.

ii. Expenditure on Marine structures is depreciated over the period of the agreement.

The Management believes that the useful lives as given above reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

II. Derecognition of property plant and equipment

An item of Property, Plant and Equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

B. Intangible assets

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Cost comprises the purchase price (net of tax / duty credits availed wherever applicable) and any directly attributable cost of bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. Following initial

recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.

I ntangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed during each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in the statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.

Stripping Cost - Stripping costs are allocated and included as a component of the mine asset when they represent significantly improved access to limestone, provided all the following conditions are met:

Amortisation of intangible assets A summary of the policies applied to the Company''s intangible assets are, as follows:
Intangible assets	Useful life	Amortisation method used
Water drawing rights	Finite (10-30 years)	Amortised on a straight-line basis over the useful life
Computer software	Finite (upto 5 years)	Amortised on a straight-line basis over the useful life
Mining rights	Finite (upto 90 years)	Over the period of the respective mining agreement on a straight-line basis
Sponsorship Rights	Finite (upto 5 years)	Amortised based on occurrence of event

a. it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with the stripping activity will be realised.

b. the component of the limestone body for which access has been improved can be identified; and

c. the costs relating to the stripping activity associated with the improved access can be reliably measured.

Derecognition of intangible assets

An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, if any, are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

Contract based Intangibles

The Company recognizes contract-based intangible asset when the economic benefit under the

C. Impairment of non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of other non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal / external factors. An impairment loss, if any, is recognised in the statement of profit and loss wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the asset''s fair value less cost of disposal and value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent

contract starts flowing to the entity and control over the intangible asset is established. Till the time such economic benefits start flowing to entity, it is disclosed under Other Non-current assets as "Payment under Long term supply arrangement”. The Company reclassifies such balance to intangible assets once the economic benefit start accruing to the Company.

Contract based intangibles are initially recognized at cost. Subsequent to initial recognition, contract-based intangibles are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

The useful life of the contract-based intangibles for purpose of its amortization is considered to be shorter of the period of contractual rights or period over which entity expects to obtain economic benefits from the asset. Further, at every reporting date, the contract-based intangibles are also tested for impairment in case of an indication that the contract-based intangibles might be impaired.

of those from other assets of or Group of assets. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the assets. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. A previously recognised impairment loss, if any, is reversed when there is an indication of reversal, however, the carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would

have prevailed by charging usual depreciation / amortisation if there was no impairment.

D. Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:

I. Raw materials, stores and spare parts, fuel and packing material:

Cost includes purchase price, other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition, and includes non-refundable taxes. Materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

II. Work-in-progress, finished goods and stock in trade:

Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of Stock-in-trade includes cost of purchase and other cost incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

E. Investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

I nvestments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are accounted for at cost, net of impairment, if any.

F. Fair value measurement

The Company measures its financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date.

The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

a. In the principal market for the asset or liability, or

b. In the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Company.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole.

External valuers are involved for valuation of significant assets, such as unquoted financial assets and financial liabilities and derivatives.

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements on a recurring basis, the Company determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by reassessing categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured as disclosed in the financial statements

are categorised within the fair value hierarchy described in Note 54.

G. Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through the statement of profit and loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through the statement of profit and loss are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

I. Financial assets

a. Initial recognition and measurement of financial assets

The Company recognises a financial asset in its balance sheet when it becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value, plus in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognised and derecognised on a trade date basis, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or convention in the marketplace.

The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset''s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Company''s business model for managing them. With the

exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Company has applied the practical expedient, the Company initially measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Company has applied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under Ind AS 115. Refer to the accounting policies in section (I) Revenue from contracts with customers.

b. Subsequent measurement of financial assets

All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortised cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets.

Classification of Financial assets

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in the following categories:

Financial assets measured at amortised cost

Financial assets that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at amortised cost using effective interest method ("EIR”) (except for debt instruments that are designated as at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition):

¦ the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets in order to collect contractual cash flows; and

¦ Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal

and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Financial assets that do not meet the amortised cost criteria or FVTOCI criteria are measured at FVTPL.

c. Derecognition of financial assets

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised when:

i. The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

ii. The Company has transferred its contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ''pass-through'' arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the asset''s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity is recognised in the statement of profit and loss if such gain or loss would have otherwise been

recognised in the statement of profit and loss on disposal of that financial asset.

d. Impairment of financial assets

The Company applies the expected credit loss model for recognising impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortised cost, trade receivables and other contractual rights to receive cash or other financial asset.

The Company measures the loss allowance for a Trade Receivables and Contract Assets by following ''simplified approach'' at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses. In case of other financial assets 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss and where credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used.

The Company considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 90 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Company may also consider a financial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Company is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Company. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering the contractual cash flows.

II. Financial liabilities and equity instruments a. Financial liabilities

i. Initial recognition and measurement

The Company recognises a financial liability in its balance sheet when it becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. The Company''s financial liabilities majorly includes trade and other payables.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of

payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss or at amortised cost as appropriate.

ii. Subsequent measurement of financial liabilities at amortised cost

Financial liabilities that are not held-for-trading and are not designated as at FVTPL are measured at amortised cost at the end of subsequent reporting periods. The carrying amounts of financial liabilities that are subsequently measured at amortised cost are determined based on the effective interest rate method.

iii. Subsequent measurement of financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.

Gains or l osses on l iabilities hel d for trading are recognised in the statement of profit and loss account.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such

at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied.

iv. Derecognition of financial liabilities

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expired. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

III. Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset, and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

H. Provisions and contingencies I. Provisions

Mines reclamation

The Company provides for the costs of restoring a mine where a legal or constructive obligation exists. The estimated future costs for known restoration requirements are determined on a mine-by-mine basis and are calculated based on the present value of estimated future cash out flows.

The restoration provision before exploitation of the raw materials has commenced is included in Property, Plant and Equipment and depreciated over the life of the related asset.

The effect of any adjustments to the provision due to further environmental damage as a result of exploitation activities is recorded through the Statement of Profit and Loss over the life of the related asset, in order to reflect the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation at the end of the reporting period.

Changes in the measurement of a provision that result from changes in the estimated timing or amount of cash outflows, or a change in the discount rate, are added to or deducted from the cost of the related asset to the extent that they relate to the asset''s installation, construction or acquisition.

Provisions are discounted to their present value. The unwinding of the discount is recognised as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

Other provisions:

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.

II. Contingent liability

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from the past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or nonoccurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that arises from past events and that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources

embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

I. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised on the basis of approved contracts regarding the transfer of goods or services to a customer for an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange of those goods or services.

I. Sale of goods

Revenue from the sale of the goods is recognised when delivery has taken place and control of the goods has been transferred to the customer according to the specific delivery term that have been agreed with the customer and when there are no longer any unfulfilled obligations.

Revenue is measured after deduction of any discounts, price concessions, volume rebates and any taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government such as goods and services tax, etc. The Company accrues for such discounts, price concessions and rebates based on historical experience and specific contractual terms with the customer.

The disclosure of significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions relating to revenue from contracts with customers are provided in Note 3.1 (VI).

No element of financing is deemed present as the sales are made with credit terms largely ranging between 30 days and 60 days depending on the specific terms agreed with customers.

II. Rendering of services

I ncome from services rendered is recognised at a point in time based on agreements / arrangements with the customers when the services are performed and there are no unfulfilled obligations.

III. Contract assets, Trade receivables and Contract liabilities:

Contract asset:

A contract asset is the right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to the customer. If the Company performs by transferring goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, a contract asset is recognised for the earned consideration that is conditional. Contract assets are subject to impairment assessment.

Trade receivables

A receivable represents the Company''s right to an amount of consideration that is unconditional i.e., only the passage of time is required before payment of consideration is due and the amount is billable.

Contract liabilities

A contract liability is the obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration from the customer. Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the Company performs obligations under the contract.

IV. Interest income

Interest income from a financial asset is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset''s net carrying amount on initial recognition.

V. Dividends

Dividend income is recognised when right to receive is established (provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably).

J. Retirement and other employee benefits

I. Defined contribution plan

Employee benefits in the form of contribution to Superannuation Fund, Provident Fund managed by government authorities, Employees State Insurance Corporation and Labour Welfare Fund are considered as defined contribution plans and the same are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the year in which the employee renders the related service.

II. Defined benefit plan

The Company''s gratuity fund scheme, additional gratuity scheme and post-employment benefit scheme are considered as defined benefit plans. The Company''s liability is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method as at the balance sheet date.

Employee benefit, in the form of contribution to provident fund managed by a trust set up by the Company, is charged to statement of profit and loss for the year in which the employee renders the related service. The Company has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the investment of the trust and interest rate notified by the Government of India. Such shortfall is recognised in the statement of profit and loss based on actuarial valuation.

Past service costs are recognised in the statement of profit and loss on the earlier of:

a. The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and

b. The date that the Company recognises related restructuring costs

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss:

a. Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements; and

b. Net interest expense or income

c. Re-measurements, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling (if any), and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to the statement of profit and loss in subsequent periods.

III. Short term employee benefits

Short term employee benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the statement of profit and loss of the year in which the related service is rendered.

IV. Other long-term employee benefits

Compensated absences are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, as at the date of the balance sheet. Actuarial gains / losses, if any, are immediately recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Compensated absences, which are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service, are treated as short term employee benefits. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

Long service awards and accumulated compensated absences which are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are treated as other long term employee benefits for measurement purposes.

V. Termination benefits

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Company before the normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Company recognises termination benefits at the earlier of the following:

a. when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits;

b. when the Company recognises costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of Ind AS 37 and involves the payment of termination benefits.

I n the case of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the offer. Benefits falling due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are discounted to present value.

VI. Presentation and disclosure

For the purpose of presentation of defined benefit plans, the allocation between the short term and long-term provisions have been made as determined by an actuary. Obligations under other long-term benefits are classified as shortterm provision, if the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer the settlement of the obligation beyond 12 months from the reporting date. The Company presents the entire compensated absences as short-term provisions since employee has an unconditional right to avail the leave at any time during the year.

K. Taxation

Tax expense comprises cu rrent income tax and deferred income tax and includes any adjustments related to past periods in current and / or deferred tax adjustments that may become necessary due to certain developments or reviews during the relevant period.

I. Current income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates taxable income.

Current income tax relating to items recognised outside the statement of profit and loss is recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and recognise expense where appropriate.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.

II. Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except:

¦ When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss and does not give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences

¦ In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised, except:

¦ When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

¦ In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the

temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such writedown is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured based on the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside the statement of profit and loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equit y.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority.

The Company applies significant judgment in identifying uncertainties over income tax treatments. Uncertain tax positions are reflected in the overall measurement of the Company''s tax expense and are based on the most likely amount or expected value that is to be disallowed by the taxing authorities whichever better predict the resolution of uncertainty. Uncertain tax balances are monitored and updated as and when new information becomes available, typically upon examination or action by the taxing authorities or through statute expiration.

Ta x benefi ts a cq u ired as part of a bu siness combination, but not satisfying the criteria for separate recognition at that date, are recognised subsequently if new information about facts and circumstances change. Acquired deferred tax benefits recognised within the measurement period reduce goodwill related to that acquisition if they result from new information obtained about facts and circumstances existing at the acquisition date. If the carrying amount of goodwill is zero, any remaining deferred tax benefits are recognised in OCI/ capital reserve depending on the principle explained for bargain purchase gains. All other acquired tax benefits realised are recognised in profit or loss.

I n the situations where one or more units of the Company are entitled to a tax holiday under the tax law, no deferred tax (asset or liability) is recognised in respect of temporary differences which reverse during the tax holiday period, to the extent the concerned unit''s gross total income is subject to the deduction during the tax holiday period. Deferred tax in respect of temporary differences which reverse after the tax holiday period is recognised in the year in which the temporary differences originate. However, the Company restricts recognition of deferred tax assets to the extent it is probable that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized. For recognition of deferred taxes, the temporary differences which originate first are considered to reverse first.

L. Leases

The Company assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease, at inception of a contract. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

I. Company as a lessee:

Right-of-use assets

At the date of commencement of the lease, the Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability for all lease

arrangements in which it is a lessee, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets.

The right-of-use assets are initially recognised at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or prior to the commencement date of the lease plus any initial direct costs less any lease incentives. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Right-of-use assets are depreciated from the commencement date on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term and useful life of the underlying asset:

Right of use assets	Terms (in years)
Buildings	2-30
Leasehold land	5-99
Ships and tugs	2-13

The right of use assets is also subject to impairment. Right of use assets are evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable.

Lease liabilities

Lease l iability is initiall y measu red at the present value of the future lease payments. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, using the incremental borrowing rates. The Company uses the incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability include fixed payments, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate known at the commencement date; and extension option payments or purchase options payments which the Company is reasonably certain to exercise.

Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or rate are not included in the measurement the lease liability and the ROU asset. The related payments are recognised as an expense in the period in which the event or

condition that triggers those payments occurs and are included in the line "Other expenses” in the Statement of Profit or Loss.

The lease term comprises the non-cancellable lease term together with the period covered by extension options, if assessed as reasonably certain to be exercised, and termination options, if assessed as reasonably certain not to be exercised. For lease arrangement in respect of ships, the non-lease components are not separated from lease components and instead account for each lease component, and any associated non-lease component as a single lease component.

The lease liability is subsequently remeasured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liabilities, reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made.

ROU asset and lease liabilities have been separately presented in the Balance Sheet and lease payments have been classified as financing cash flows.

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Company applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to its short-term leases (i.e., those leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date). It also applies the lease of low-value assets recognition exemption to leases that are considered of low value (range different for different class of assets). Lease payments on short-term leases and leases of low-value assets are recognised as expense on a straightline basis over the lease term. The related cash flows are classified as Operating activities in the Statement of Cash Flows.

M. Government grants and subsidies

Government grants are recognised when there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received, and all attaching conditions will be complied with.

Where the grants relate to an item of expense, they are recognised as income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate.

Where the grant relates to an asset, it is recognised as income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset.

When the Company receives grants of non-monetary assets, the asset and the grant are recorded at fair value amounts and released to the statement of profit and loss over the expected useful life in a pattern of consumption of the benefit of the underlying asset.

When loans or similar assistance are provided by governments or related institutions, with an interest rate below the current applicable market rate, the effect of this favourable interest is regarded as a government grant. The loan or assistance is initially recognised and measured at fair value and the government grant is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan and the proceeds received. The loan is subsequently measured as per the accounting policy applicable to financial liabilities.

N. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss attributable to equity holders of parent company by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

Diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing the profit after tax as adjusted for dividend, interest and other charges to expense or income (net of any attributable taxes) relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

O. Foreign currencies translations

The Company''s standalone financial statements are presented in (''), which is also the Company''s functional currency.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date. Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in profit and loss in the period in which they arise.

Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

P. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet and for the purpose of standalone statement of cash flows comprise cash at banks and on hand, shortterm deposits with an original maturity of three months or less and investment in liquid mutual funds that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

Q. Dividend

The Company recognises a liability to pay dividend to equity holders of the parent when the distribution is authorised, and the distribution is no longer at the discretion of the Company. As per the corporate laws in India, a distribution is authorised when it is approved by the shareholders. A corresponding amount is recognised directly in equity.

R. Classification of current and non-current assets and liabilities

The operating cycle is the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation in cash and cash equivalents. The Company has identified twelve months as its operating cycle for determining current and noncurrent classification of assets and liabilities in the Balance sheet.

3.1 Use of estimates and judgments

The preparation of the Company''s financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and

the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future period, if the revision affects current and future period. Revisions in estimates are reflected in the financial statements in the period in which changes are made and, if material, their effects are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

I. Classification of legal matters and tax litigations (Refer Note 47)

The litigations and claims to which the Company is exposed to are assessed by management with assistance of the legal department and in certain cases with the support of external specialised lawyers. Determination of the outcome of these matters into "Probable, Possible and Remote” require judgement and estimation on case to case basis.

II. Defined benefit obligations (Refer Note 50)

The cost of defined benefit gratuity plans, and post-retirement medical benefit is determined using actuarial valuations. The actuarial valuation involves making assumptions about discount rates, future salary i

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Mar 31, 2023

1. Corporate information

Ambuja Cements Limited (''the Company'') is a public limited company domiciled in India and is

incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Its shares are listed on National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in India and its GDRs are listed under the EURO Multilateral Trading Facility (MTF) Platform of Luxembourg Stock Exchange. During the year, the Company has changed its registered office to Adani Corporate House, Shantigram, SG. Highway, Khodiyar, Ahmedabad - 382421, Gujarat from Ambujanagar, Taluka Kodinar, Dist. Gir Somnath, Gujarat.

The Company''s principal activity is to manufacture and market cement and cement related products.

2. Statement of compliance and basis of preparation

A. Statement of compliance

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Indian Accounting Standards (hereinafter referred to as the ''Ind AS'') as notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 (''the Act'') read with the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 as amended from time to time and other relevant provisions of the Act.

B. Basis of preparation

The financial statements have been prepared on going concern basis using historical cost, except for certain items for which accounting policies has been mentioned in Note 3 below.

Historical cost is the amount of cash or cash equivalents paid or the fair value of the consideration given to acquire assets at the time of their acquisition, or the amount of proceeds received in exchange for the obligation, or at the amount of cash or cash equivalents expected to be paid to satisfy the liability in the normal course of business.

The accounting policies are applied consistently to all the periods presented in the financial statements.

Financial statements are presented in Rs which is the functional currency, and all values are rounded to the nearest crore as per the requirement of Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013, except where otherwise indicated.

These financial statements were approved for issue in accordance with the resolution of the Board of Directors on May 2, 2023.

3. Significant accounting policies

A. Property, plant and equipments

I. Measurement and Recognition

a. Property, plant and equipments are stated at their cost of acquisition / installation / construction net of accumulated depreciation, and impairment losses, if any, except freehold non-mining land which is carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Subsequent expenditures are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. When significant parts of plant and equipments are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the property, plant and equipments as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the statement of profit and loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for provisions are met.

b. Spares which meet the definition of property, plant and equipments are capitalised as on the date of acquisition. The corresponding old spares are derecognized on such date with consequent impact in the statement of profit and loss.

c. Property, plant and equipments not ready for their intended use as on the balance sheet date are disclosed as "Capital work-inprogress”. Such items are classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipments when completed and ready for their intended use. Advances given towards acquisition / construction of property, plant and equipments outstanding at each balance sheet date are disclosed as Capital Advances under "Other non-current assets”.

II. Depreciation on property, plant, and equipments

a. Depreciation is provided as per the useful life of assets which are determined based on technical parameters / assessment. Depreciation is calculated using "Written down value method” for assets related to Captive Power Plant and using "Straight line method” for other assets.

b. The Company identifies and depreciates cost of each component / part of the asset separately, if the component / part have a cost, which is significant to the total cost of the asset and has a useful life that is materially different from that of the remaining asset.

c. Depreciation on additions to property, plant and equipments is provided on a prorata basis from the date of acquisition, or installation, or construction, when the asset is ready for intended use.

d. Depreciation on an item of property, plant and equipments sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped, is provided upto the date on which the said asset is sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped.

e. Capitalised spares are depreciated over their own estimated useful life or the estimated useful life of the parent asset whichever is lower.

f. The Company reviews the residual value, useful lives and depreciation method on each reporting date and, if expectations differ from previous estimates, the change is accounted for as a change in accounting estimate on a prospective basis.

g. In respect of an asset for which impairment loss, if any, is recognised, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

h . Property, p lan t, an d eq u i pmen ts,

constructed by the Company, but ownership of which vests with the Government / Local authorities:

i. Expenditure on Power lines is depreciated over the period as permitted in the Electricity Supply Act, 1948 / 2003 as applicable.

ii. Expenditure on Marine structures is depreciated over the period of the agreement.

i. Estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:
Assets		Useful lives
Land (freehold)		No depreciation except on land with mineral reserves. Cost of mineral reserves embedded in the cost of freehold mining land is depreciated in proportion of actual quantity of minerals extracted to the estimated quantity of extractable mineral reserves
Leasehold mining land		Amortised over the period of lease on a straight line basis
Buildings, roads and water works		3 - 60 years
Plant and equipments		8 - 30 years
Railway sidings and locomotives		8 - 15 years
Furniture, office equipments and tools		3 - 10 years
Vehicles		6 - 10 years
Ships		25 years
a. The useful life as estimated above is as per the prescribed useful life specified under Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013 except for the following case:
Particulars	Useful Life estimated by the management		Useful Life as per Schedule II
Plant and Equipments related to Captive Power Plant	20 years		40 years

The Management believes that the useful lives as given above reflect fair approximation of the period over which the assets are likely to be used.

III. Derecognition of property plant and equipments

An item of Property, Plant and Equipments and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

B. Intangible assets

I. Recognition and Measurement

a. Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. Cost comprises the purchase price (net of tax / duty credits availed wherever applicable) and any directly attributable cost of bringing the assets to its working condition for its intended use. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

b. The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.

c. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed during each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in the statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.

d. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and Goodwill are not amortised, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

e. Stripping Cost - Stripping costs are allocated and included as a component of the mine asset when they represent significantly

improved access to limestone, provided all the following conditions are met:

a. it is probable that the future economic benefit associated with the stripping activity will be realised.

b. the component of the limestone body for which access has been improved can be identified; and

c. the costs relating to the stripping activity associated with the improved access can be reliably measured.

II. Derecognition of intangible assets

An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, if any, are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

III. Contract based Intangibles

The Company recognizes contract-based intangible asset when the economic benefit under the contract starts flowing to the entity and control over the intangible asset is established. Till the time such economic benefits start flowing to entity, it is disclosed under Other Non-current assets as "Payment under Long term supply arrangement”. The Company reclassifies such balance to intangible assets once the economic benefit start accruing to the Company.

Contract based intangibles are initially recognized initially at cost. Subsequent to initial recognition, contract-based intangibles are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

The useful life of the contract-based intangibles for purpose of its amortization is considered to be shorter of the period of contractual rights or period over which entity expects to obtain economic benefits from the asset. Further, at every reporting date, the contract-based intangibles are also tested for impairment in case of an indication that the contract-based intangibles might be impaired.

IV. Amortisation of intangible assets A summary of the policies applied to the Company''s intangible assets are, as follows:
Intangible assets	Useful life	Amortisation method used
Water drawing rights	Finite (10-30 years)	Amortised on a straight-line basis over the useful life
Computer software	Finite (upto 5 years)	Amortised on a straight-line basis over the useful life
Mining rights	Finite (upto 90 years)	Over the period of the respective mining agreement on a straight-line basis
Sponsorship Rights	Finite (upto 5 years)	Amortised based on occurrence of event

C. Impairment of non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of other non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal / external factors. An impairment loss, if any, is recognised in the statement of profit and loss wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the asset''s fair value less cost of disposal and value in use. Recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets of or Group of assets. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the assets. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. A previously recognised impairment loss, if any, is reversed when there is an indication of reversal, however, the carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation / amortisation if there was no impairment.

D. Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value, as follows:

I. Raw materials, stores and spare parts, fuel and packing material:

Cost includes purchase price, other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition, and includes non-refundable taxes. Materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

II. Work-in-progress, finished goods and stock in trade:

Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity but excluding borrowing costs. Cost of Stock-in-trade includes cost of purchase and other cost incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

E. Business combination

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration transferred in a business combination is measured at fair value, which is calculated as the sum of acquisition date fair values of the assets transferred, liabilities incurred to the former owner of the acquiree and the equity interests issued in exchange of control of the acquiree.

At the acquisition date, the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed are recognised at their acquisition date fair values. For this purpose, the liabilities assumed include contingent liabilities representing present obligation and they are measured at their acquisition fair values irrespective of the fact that outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is not probable. However, the following assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination are measured on the basis indicated below:

I. Deferred tax assets or liabilities, and the assets or liabilities related to employee benefit arrangements are recognised and measured in accordance with Ind AS 12 "Income Tax” and Ind AS 19 "Employee Benefits” respectively.

II. Liabilities or equity instruments related to share-based payment arrangements of the acquiree or share - based payments arrangements of the

Company entered into to replace share-based payment arrangements of the acquiree are measured in accordance with Ind AS 102 "Share-based Payments” at the acquisition date.

IN. Assets (or disposal Groups) that are classified as held for sale in accordance with Ind AS 105 "Noncurrent Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations” are measured in accordance with that standard.

When the Company acquires a business, it assesses the financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate classification and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions as at the acquisition date. This includes the separation of embedded derivatives in host contracts by the acquiree.

Goodwill is initially measured at cost, being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and fair value of any previously held interest in acquiree, over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. If the fair value of the net assets acquired is in excess of the aggregate consideration transferred (bargain purchase), the Company re-assesses whether it has correctly identified all of the assets acquired and all of the liabilities assumed and reviews the procedures used to measure the amounts to be recognised at the acquisition date. If the reassessment still results in an excess of the fair value of net assets acquired over the aggregate consideration transferred, then the gain is recognised in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) and accumulated in equity as capital reserve. However, if there is no clear evidence of bargain purchase, the entity recognises the gain directly in equity as capital reserve, without routing the same through OCI.

When a business combination is achieved in stages, the Company''s previously held equity interest in the acquiree is re-measured to its acquisition-date fair value and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. Amounts arising from interests in the acquiree prior to the acquisition date that have previously been recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to the statement of profit and loss where such treatment would be appropriate if that interest were disposed of.

If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, the Company reports provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is incomplete. Those provisional amounts are adjusted through goodwill during

the measurement period, or additional assets or liabilities are recognised, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognised at that date. These adjustments are called as measurement period adjustments. The measurement period does not exceed one year from the acquisition date.

Business combination of entities under common control

Business combinations involving entities that are controlled by the company or ultimately controlled by the same party or parties both before and after the business combination, and that control is not transitory, are accounted for using the pooling of interest''s method as follows:

I. The assets and liabilities of the combining entities are reflected at their carrying amounts.

II. No adjustments are made to reflect fair values, or recognise any new assets or liabilities. Adjustments are only made to harmonise accounting policies.

III. The financial information in the financial statements in respect of prior periods is restated as if the business combination had occurred from the beginning of the preceding period in the financial statements, irrespective of the actual date of the combination, however, where the business combination had occurred after that date, the prior period information is restated only from that date.

IV. The balance of the retained earnings appearing in the financial statements of the transferor is aggregated with the corresponding balance appearing in the financial statements of the transferee.

V. The identity of the reserves are preserved and the reserves of the transferor become the reserves of the transferee.

The difference, if any, between the amounts recorded as share capital issued plus any additional consideration in the form of cash or other assets and the amount of share capital of the transferor is transferred to capital reserve and is presented separately from other capital reserves.

F. Goodwill

Goodwill arising on an acquisition of a business is carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses, if any.

For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the Company''s

cash generating units that are expected to benefit from the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the acquiree are assigned to those units.

Cash generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro rata based on the carrying amount of each asset in the unit. The recoverable amount is the higher of the assets fair value less cost of disposal and value in use. Any impairment loss for goodwill is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed in subsequent periods.

G. Investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

Investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures are measured at cost less impairment as per Ind AS 27 - ''Separate Financial Statements''.

H. Fair value measurement

The Company measures some of its financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured as disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy described in Note 56.

I. Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through the statement of profit and loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through the statement of profit

and loss are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

I. Financial assets

a. Initial recognition and measurement of financial assets

The Company recognises a financial asset in its balance sheet when it becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value, plus in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognised and derecognised on a trade date basis, i.e., the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or convention in the marketplace.

b. Subsequent measurement of financial assets

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in the following categories:

i. Financial assets at amortised cost

A financial asset is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

• The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

• Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. The EIR amortisation is included in other income in the statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment if any are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

ii. Debt instrument at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

A debt instrument is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are

met:

• The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

• The asset''s contractual cash flows represent SPPI.

Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognised in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the Company recognises interest income, impairment losses and reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the statement of profit and loss. On derecognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from equity to the statement of profit and loss. Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method.

iii. Debt instruments at fair value through the statement of profit and loss (FVTPL)

Debt instrument at FVTPL

FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for classification as at amortised cost or as fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI), is classified as FVTPL.

Debt instruments that meet the amortised cost criteria or debt instruments that meet the FVTOCI criteria, may be designated as at FVTPL as at initial recognition if such designation reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as ''accounting mismatch''). The Company has not designated any debt instrument at FVTPL.

Debt instruments at FVTPL are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any gains and losses arising on re-measurement are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Equity instruments

All equity investments in scope of Ind AS

109 "Financial Instruments” are measured

at FVTPL with all changes in fair value recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

iv. Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

For all investments in equity instruments other than held for trading, at initial recognition, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument-byinstrument basis.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognised in the OCI. There

is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to statement of profit and loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.

The Company has not designated investments in any equity instruments as FVTOCI.

c. Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts to hedge its foreign currency risk. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Any changes therein are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss unless the derivative is designated and effective as a hedging instrument, in which event the timing of the recognition in the Statement of Profit and Loss depends on the nature of the hedging relationship and the nature of the hedged item. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

The Company does not hold derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

d. Derecognition of financial assets

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised when:

i. The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

ii. The Company has transferred its contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ''pass-through'' arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the asset''s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity is recognised in the statement of profit and loss if such gain or loss would have otherwise been recognised in the statement of profit and loss on disposal of that financial asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company''s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

On derecognition of a financial asset other than in its entirety (e.g., when the Company retains an option to repurchase part of a transferred asset), the Company allocates the previous carrying amount of the financial asset between the part it continues to recognise under continuing involvement, and the part it no longer recognises on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts on the date of the transfer. The difference between the carrying amount allocated to the part that

is no longer recognised and the sum of the consideration received for the part no longer recognised and any cumulative gain or loss allocated to it that had been recognised in other comprehensive income is recognised in the statement of profit and loss if such gain or loss would have otherwise been recognised in the statement of profit and loss on disposal of that financial asset.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

e. Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on financial assets which are measured at amortised cost.

The Company follows ''simplified approach'' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables resulting from transactions within the scope of Ind-AS 115 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, if they do not contain a significant financing component.

The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from initial recognition.

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from

default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e., all cash shortfalls) discounted at the original EIR. ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognised during the period is recognised as income / expense in the statement of profit and loss.

For financial assets measured as at amortised cost, ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e., as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.

II. Financial liabilities and equity instruments Classification as debt or equity

Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

a. Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

Repurchase of the Company''s own equity instruments is recognised and deducted directly in equity. No gain or loss is recognised in the statement of profit and loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company''s own equity instruments.

b. Financial liabilities

i. Initial recognition and measurement

The Company recognises a financial liability in its balance sheet when it becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss or at amortised cost as appropriate.

ii. Subsequent measurement of financial

liabilities at amortised cost

Financial liabilities that are not held-for-trading and are not designated as at FVTPL are measured at amortised cost at the end of subsequent reporting periods. The carrying amounts of financial liabilities that

are subsequently measured at amortised

cost are determined based on the effective interest rate method.

iii. Subsequent measurement of financial

liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term. This category also includes derivative financial instruments entered into by the Company that are not designated as hedging instruments in hedge relationships as defined by Ind AS 109. Separated embedded derivatives are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments.

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the profit or loss.

Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated as such at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in Ind AS 109 are satisfied. The Company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit or loss.

iv. Derecognition of financial liabilities

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expired. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

v. Embedded derivatives

I f the hybrid contract contains a host that is a financial asset within the scope of Ind AS 109, the Company does not separate embedded derivatives. Rather, it applies the classification requirements contained in Ind AS 109 "Financial Instruments” to the entire hybrid contract. Derivatives embedded in all other host contracts are accounted for as separate derivatives and recorded at fair value if their economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to those of the host contracts and the host contracts are not held for trading or designated at fair value through profit or loss. These embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cash flows.

III. Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset, and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

J. Effective interest method

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial asset or financial liability and of allocating interest income/ interest expenses over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts/ payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

K. Provisions and contingencies

I. Provisions

A provision is recognised for a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of past events if it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. The amounts recognised as provisions are determined based

on best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These estimates are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

If the effect of the time value of money is material,

provisions are discounted using a current pretax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

Restructuring provisions are recognised only when the Company has a constructive obligation, which is when: (i) a detailed formal plan identifies the business or part of the business concerned, the location and number of employees affected, a detailed estimate of the associated costs, and the timeline; and (ii) the employees affected have been notified of the plan''s main features.

Mines reclamation

The Company provides for the costs of restoring a mine where a legal or constructive obligation exists. The estimated future costs for known restoration requirements are determined on a mine-by-mine basis and are calculated based on the present value of estimated future cash out flows.

The restoration provision before exploitation of the raw materials has commenced is included in Property, Plant and Equipments and depreciated over the life of the related asset.

The effect of any adjustments to the provision due to further environmental damage as a result of exploitation activities is recorded through the Statement of Profit and Loss over the life of the related asset, in order to reflect the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation at the end of the reporting period. Changes in the measurement of a provision that result from changes in the estimated timing or amount of cash outflows, or a change in the discount rate, are added to or deducted from the cost of the related asset to the extent that they relate to the asset''s installation, construction or acquisition.

Provisions are discounted to their present value. The unwinding of the discount is recognised as a finance cost in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

II. Contingent liability

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from the past events whose existence

will be confirmed by the occurrence or nonoccurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

L. Foreign exchange gains and losses

Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transaction. Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate and the exchange difference are recognized in the profit and loss. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or expense in the year in which they arise.

M. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised on the basis of approved contracts regarding the transfer of goods or services to a customer for an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange of those goods or services.

I. Sale of goods

Revenue from the sale of the goods is recognised when delivery has taken place and control of the goods has been transferred to the customer according to the specific delivery term that have been agreed with the customer and when there are no longer any unfulfilled obligations. Revenue is measured after deduction of any discounts, price concessions, volume rebates and any taxes or duties collected on behalf of the government such as goods and services tax, etc. Accumulated experience is used to estimate the provision for such discounts, price concessions and rebates.

No element of financing is deemed present as the sales are made with credit terms largely ranging between 30 days and 60 days depending on the specific terms agreed with customers.

Contract balances

Trade Receivables and Contract Assets

A trade receivable is recognised when the products are delivered to a customer and consideration becomes unconditional.

Contract assets are recognized when the company has a right to receive consideration that is conditional other than the passage of time.

Contract Liabilities

Contract liabilities is a Company''s obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer which the entity has already received consideration. Contract liabilities are recognised as revenue when the company performs under the contract.

II. Rendering of services

Income from services rendered is recognised based on agreements/arrangements with the customers as the services is performed and there are no unfulfilled obligations.

III. Interest income

Interest income from a financial asset is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset''s net carrying amount on initial recognition.

IV. Dividends

Dividend income is recognised when right to receive is established (provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably).

N. Retirement and other employee benefits

I. Defined contribution plan

Employee benefits in the form of contribution to Superannuation Fund, Provident Fund managed by government authorities, Employees State Insurance Corporation and Labour Welfare Fund are considered as defined contribution plans and the same are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the year in which the employee renders the related service.

II. Defined benefit plan

The Company''s gratuity fund scheme, additional gratuity scheme and post-employment benefit scheme are considered as defined benefit plans. The Company''s liability is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method as at the balance sheet date.

Employee benefit, in the form of contribution to provident fund managed by a trust set up by the Company, is charged to statement of profit and loss for the year in which the employee renders the related service. The Company has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the investment of the trust and interest rate notified by the Government of India. Such shortfall is recognised in the statement of profit and loss based on actuarial valuation.

Past service costs are recognised in the statement of profit and loss on the earlier of:

a. The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and

b. The date that the Company recognises related restructuring costs

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss:

a. Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements; and

b. Net interest expense or income

c. Re-measurements, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling (if any), and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), are recognised i mmed i atel y i n th e b al an ce sh eet wi th a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to the statement of profit and loss in subsequent periods.

III. Short term employee benefits

a. Short term employee benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related

service are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the statement of profit and loss of the year in which the related service is rendered. b. Accumulated Compensated absences, which are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service, are treated as short term employee benefits. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

IV. Other long-term employee benefits

Compensated absences are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, as at the date of the balance sheet. Actuarial gains / losses, if any, are immediately recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Long service awards and accumulated compensated absences which are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are treated as other long term employee benefits for measurement purposes.

V. Employee share-based payments

The erstwhile Ultimate holding Company (Holcim Group) of the Company operates various equity-settled performance share plans. Senior executive of the Company received remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employee render service as consideration for equity instruments (equity settled transactions). The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model.

The cost of equity settled transactions is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss, together with a corresponding increase in equity, representing contribution received from the ultimate holding company, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and Company''s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The charge or credit to the Statement of Profit and Loss for a period represents movement in the cumulative expenses recognised as at the beginning and end of that period.

is regarded as met only when the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets, its sale is highly probable; and it will genuinely be sold, not abandoned. The Company treats sale of the asset to be highly probable when:

I. The appropriate level of management is committed to a plan to sell the asset,

II. An active programme to locate a buyer and complete the plan has been initiated,

III. The asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value,

IV. The sale is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification, and

V. Actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

Non-current assets held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less costs to sell. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are presented separately in the balance sheet.

Property, plant and equipments and intangible assets once classified as held for sale are not depreciated or amortised.

Gains and losses on disposals of non-current assets are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amounts, and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

P. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing cost directly attributable to acquisition and construction of assets that necessarily take substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets up to the date when such assets are ready for intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing cost consists of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

Q. Taxation

Tax expense comprises current income tax and deferred income tax and includes any adjustments related to past periods in current and / or deferred tax adjustments that may become necessary due to certain developments or reviews during the relevant period.

I n case of forfeiture/! apse stock option, which is not vested, amortised portion is reversed by credit to employee compensation expense. In a situation where the stock option expires unexercised, the related balance standing to the credit of the Capital Contribution from Parent is transferred to other equity.

VI. Termination benefits

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Company before the normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Company recognises termination benefits at the earlier of the following:

a. when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits;

b. when the Company recognises costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of Ind AS 37 and involves the payment of termination benefits.

I n the case of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured

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Dec 31, 2018

Description of reserves in statement of changes in equity

a) General reserve

The Company created general reserve in earlier years pursuant to the provisions of the Companies Act wherein certain percentage of profits were required to be transferred to general reserve before declaring dividends. As per the Companies Act, 2013, the requirement to transfer profits to general reserve is not mandatory. General reserve is a free reserve available to the Company.

b) Capital redemption reserve

Capital redemption reserve was created by transferring from retained earnings. During the year ended 30th June 2005, part of the amount was used for issue of bonus shares. The balance will be utilized in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

c) Capital reserve

This reserve has been transferred to the Company in the course of business combinations and can be utilized in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

d) Subsidies

These are capital subsidies received from the Government and various authorities.

e) Securities premium

This reserve represents the premium on issue of shares and can be utilized in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013.

1. Corporate Information

Ambuja Cements Limited (the Company) is a public company domiciled in India and is incorporated under the provisions of the Companies Act applicable in India. Its shares are listed on National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in India and its GDRs are listed under the EURO MTF Platform of Luxembourg Stock Exchange. The registered office of the Company is located at Ambujanagar, Taluka Kodinar, Dist. Gir Somnath, Gujarat.

The Company''s principal activity is to manufacture and market cement and cement related products.

2. Basis of preparation

The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013 ("the Act") Read with rule 3 of the Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 and Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Amendment Rules, 2016.

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for the following:

A. Certain financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value (refer accounting policy regarding financial instruments).

B. Non-current assets classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less cost to sell.

C. Employee defined benefit plans, recognized at the net total of the fair value of plan assets and the present value of the defined benefit obligation.

Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services at the time of their acquisition.

The accounting policies are applied consistently to all the periods presented in the financial statements. Financial statements are presented in '' which is the functional currency of the Company and all values are rounded to the nearest crore as per the requirement of Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013, except when otherwise indicated.

3. Significant accounting policies

A. Property, plant and equipment

I. Property, plant and equipment are stated at their cost of acquisition / installation / construction net of accumulated depreciation, and impairment losses, if any, except freehold non-mining land which is carried at cost less impairment losses. For this purpose, cost includes deemed cost which represents the carrying value of property, plant and equipment recognized as at transition date (1st January, 2016) measured as per the previous GAAP. Subsequent expenditures are included in the asset''s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognized in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to statement of profit and loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.

II. Spares which meet the definition of property, plant and equipment are capitalized as on the date of acquisition. The corresponding old spares are decapitalized on such date with consequent impact in the statement of profit and loss.

III. Property, plant and equipment not ready for their intended use as on the balance sheet date are disclosed as "Capital work-in-progress". Such items are classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment when completed and ready for their intended use. Advances given towards acquisition / construction of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each balance sheet date are disclosed as Capital Advances under "Other non-current assets".

IV. An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part thereof is derecognized upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit and loss in "other income / (expenses)" when the asset is derecognized.

The useful life as estimated above is also in line with the prescribed useful life estimates as specified under Schedule II of the Act.

II. The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed during each financial year and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

III. The Company identifies and determines cost of each component / part of the asset separately, if the component / part have a cost, which is significant to the total cost of the asset and has useful life that is materially different from that of the remaining asset.

IV. Depreciation on additions to property, plant and equipment is provided on a pro-rata basis from the date of acquisition or installation or construction, when the asset is ready for intended use.

V. Depreciation on an item of property, plant and equipment sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped, is provided up to the date on which the said asset is sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped.

VI. Capitalized spares are depreciated over their own estimated useful life or the estimated useful life of the parent asset whichever is lower.

VII. In respect of an asset for which impairment loss, if any, is recognized, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

VIII. Property, plant and equipment, constructed by the Company, but ownership of which vests with the Government / Local authorities:

a. Expenditure on Power lines is depreciated over the period as permitted in the Electricity Supply Act, 1948 / 2003 as applicable.

b. Expenditure on Marine structures is depreciated over the period of the agreement.

C. Intangible assets

I. Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. For this purpose, cost includes deemed cost which represents the carrying value of intangible assets recognized as at transition date (1st January, 2016) measured as per the previous GAAP. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

II. The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.

III. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortization period and the amortization method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed during each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortization period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortization expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognized in the statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.

IV. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

An intangible asset is derecognized on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, if any, are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognized.

E. Impairment of non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of other non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal / external factors. An impairment loss, if any, is recognized in the statement of profit and loss wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is higher of the asset''s fair value less cost of disposal and value in use. Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual non-financial asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount for the smallest cash generating unit to which the non-financial asset belongs. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the assets. A previously recognized impairment loss, if any, is increased or reversed depending on the changes in circumstances, however, the carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation / amortization if there was no impairment.

F. Inventories

Inventories are valued after providing for obsolescence, as follows:

I. Raw materials, stores and spare parts, fuel and packing material:

Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes purchase price, other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition, and taxes for which credit is not available. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

II. Work-in-progress, finished goods and stock in trade:

Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity, but excluding borrowing costs. Cost of Stock-in-trade includes cost of purchase and other cost incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition. Cost is determined on a monthly moving weighted average basis.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

G. Business combination

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration transferred in a business combination is measured at fair value, which is calculated as the sum of acquisition date fair values of the assets transferred, liabilities incurred to the former owner of the acquiree and the equity interests issued in exchange of control of the acquiree. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred.

At the acquisition date, the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed are recognized at their acquisition date fair values. For this purpose, the liabilities assumed include contingent liabilities representing present obligation and they are measured at their acquisition fair values irrespective of the fact that outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is not probable. However, the following assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination are measured on the basis indicated below:

I. Deferred tax assets or liabilities, and the assets or liabilities related to employee benefit arrangements are recognized and measured in accordance with Ind AS 12 Income Tax and Ind AS 19 Employee Benefits respectively.

II. Liabilities or equity instruments related to share based payment arrangements of the acquiree or share - based payments arrangements of the Company entered into to replace share-based payment arrangements of the acquiree are measured in accordance with Ind AS 102 Share-based Payments at the acquisition date.

III. Assets (or disposal Groups) that are classified as held for sale in accordance with Ind AS 105 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations are measured in accordance with that standard.

When the Company acquires a business, it assesses the financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate classification and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions as at the acquisition date. This includes the separation of embedded derivatives in host contracts by the acquiree.

Goodwill is initially measured at cost, being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and fair value of any previously held interest in acquiree, over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. If the fair value of the net assets acquired is in excess of the aggregate consideration transferred, the Company re-assesses whether it has correctly identified all of the assets acquired and all of the liabilities assumed and reviews the procedures used to measure the amounts to be recognized at the acquisition date. If the reassessment still results in an excess of the fair value of net assets acquired over the aggregate consideration transferred, then the gain is recognized in OCI and accumulated in equity as capital reserve. However, if there is no clear evidence of bargain purchase, the entity recognizes the gain directly in equity as capital reserve, without routing the same through OCI.

When a business combination is achieved in stages, the Company''s previously held equity interest in the acquiree is re-measured to its acquisition-date fair value and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is recognized in the statement of profit and loss. Amounts arising from interests in the acquiree prior to the acquisition date that have previously been recognized in other comprehensive income are reclassified to profit and loss where such treatment would be appropriate if that interest were disposed of.

If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, the Company reports provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is incomplete. Those provisional amounts are adjusted through goodwill during the measurement period, or additional assets or liabilities are recognized, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognized at that date. These adjustments are called as measurement period adjustments. The measurement period does not exceed one year from the acquisition date.

Business combination of entities under common control

Business combinations involving entities that are controlled by the company or ultimately controlled by the same party or parties both before and after the business combination, and that control is not transitory, are accounted for using the pooling of interests method as follows:

I. The assets and liabilities of the combining entities are reflected at their carrying amounts.

II. No adjustments are made to reflect fair values, or recognize any new assets or liabilities. Adjustments are only made to harmonies accounting policies.

III. The financial information in the financial statements in respect of prior periods is restated as if the business combination had occurred from the beginning of the preceding period in the financial statements, irrespective of the actual date of the combination, however, where the business combination had occurred after that date, the prior period information is restated only from that date.

IV. The balance of the retained earnings appearing in the financial statements of the transferor is aggregated with the corresponding balance appearing in the financial statements of the transferee or is adjusted against general reserve.

V. The identity of the reserves is preserved and the reserves of the transferor become the reserves of the transferee.

The difference, if any, between the amounts recorded as share capital issued plus any additional consideration in the form of cash or other assets and the amount of share capital of the transferor is transferred to capital reserve and is presented separately from other capital reserves.

H. Goodwill

Goodwill arising on an acquisition of a business is carried at cost as established at the date of acquisition of the business (also see note "G" in accounting policy) less accumulated impairment losses, if any.

After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the Company''s cash generating units that are expected to benefit from the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the acquiree are assigned to those units.

Cash generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro rata based on the carrying amount of each asset in the unit. Any impairment loss for goodwill is recognized in the statement of profit and loss. An impairment loss recognized for goodwill is not reversed in subsequent periods.

I. Investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements

I. Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are entities that are controlled by the Company. The Company controls an entity when the Company is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. Investments in subsidiaries are accounted at cost less impairment, if any.

II. Associates

Associates are all entities over which the Company has significant influence. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee, but is not control or joint control over those policies. This is generally the case where the Company holds between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associates are accounted at cost less impairment, if any.

III. Joint Arrangements

Interests in joint arrangements are interests over which the Company exercises joint control and are classified as either joint operations or joint ventures depending on the contractual rights and obligations arising from the agreement rather than the legal structure of the joint arrangement.

a. Joint operations

A joint operation is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the assets, and obligations for the liabilities, relating to the arrangement. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. If the interest is classified as a joint operation, the Company recognizes its share of the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses in the joint operation in accordance with the relevant Ind AS.

When the Company transacts with a joint operation in which the Company is a Joint operator (such as a sale or contribution of assets), the Company is considered to be conducting the transaction with the other parties to the joint operation, and gains and losses resulting from the transactions are recognized in the company''s financial statements only to the extent of other parties'' interests in the joint operation.

When the Company transacts with a joint operation in which the Company is a joint operator (such as a purchase of assets) the Company does not recognize its share of the gains and losses until it resells those assets to a third party.

b. Joint venture

A joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the joint arrangement. Joint control is the contractually agreed

J. Fair value measurement

The Company measures some of its financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

I. Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

II. Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

III. Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

K. Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through the statement of profit and loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through the statement of profit and loss are recognized immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

I. Financial assets

a. The Company''s financial assets comprise:

i. Current financial assets mainly consist of trade receivables, investments in liquid mutual funds, cash and bank balances, fixed deposits with banks and financial institutions and other current receivables.

ii. Non-current financial assets mainly consist of financial investments in equity, bond and fixed deposits, non-current receivables from related party and employees and non-current deposits.

b. Initial recognition and measurement of financial assets

The Company recognizes a financial asset when it becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus or minus, in the case of financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognized and derecognized on a trade date basis, i.e. the date that the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or convention in the marketplace.

c. Subsequent measurement of financial assets

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in the following categories:

i. Debt instruments at amortized cost

A debt instrument is measured at the amortized cost if both the following conditions are met:

- The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

- Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

- This category is the most relevant to the Company. It comprises of current financial assets such as trade receivables, cash and bank balances, fixed deposits with bank and financial institutions, other non-current receivables and non-current financial assets such as financial investments - bond and fixed deposits, non-current receivables and deposits.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. The EIR amortization is included in other income in the statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment, if any are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

ii. Debt instrument at FVTOCI

A debt instrument is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:

- The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

- The asset''s contractual cash flows represent SPPI.

Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses and reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the statement of profit and loss. On de-recognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in OCI is reclassified from equity to the statement of profit and loss. Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method.

iii. Debt instruments, liquid mutual funds, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through the statement of profit and loss (FVTPL)

Debt instruments

FVTPL is a residual category for debt instruments. Any debt instrument, which does not meet the criteria for classification as at amortized cost or as fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI), is classified as FVTPL.

Debt instruments that meet the FVTOCI criteria, may be designated as at FVTPL as at initial recognition if such designation reduces or eliminates a measurement or recognition inconsistency (referred to as ''accounting mismatch''). The Company has not designated any debt instrument as at FVTPL.

Debt instruments at FVTPL are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any gains and losses arising on re-measurement are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

This category comprises investments in liquid mutual funds and derivatives.

Equity instruments

All equity investments in scope of Ind AS 109 "Financial Instruments" are measured at FVTPL with all changes in fair value recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

The Company has designated its investment in equity instruments as FVTPL category.

iv. Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

For all investments in equity instruments other than held for trading, at initial recognition, the Company may make an irrevocable election to present in other comprehensive income subsequent changes in the fair value. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the OCI. There is no

recycling of the amounts from OCI to statement of profit and loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company may transfer the cumulative gain or loss within equity.

The Company has not designated investment in any equity instruments as FVTOCI.

d. Derecognition of financial assets

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognized when:

i. The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

ii. The Company has transferred its contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ''pass-through'' arrangement and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the asset''s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity is recognized in the statement of profit and loss if such gain or loss would have otherwise been recognized in the statement of profit and loss on disposal of that financial asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognize the transferred asset to the extent of the Company''s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognizes an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

On derecognition of a financial asset other than in its entirety (e.g. when the Company retains an option to repurchase part of a transferred asset), the Company allocates the previous carrying amount of the financial asset between the part it continues to recognize under continuing involvement, and the part it no longer recognizes on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts on the date of the transfer. The difference between the carrying amount allocated to the part that is no longer recognized and the sum of the consideration received for the part no longer recognized and any cumulative gain or loss allocated to it that had been recognized in other comprehensive income is recognized in the statement of profit and loss if such gain or loss would have otherwise been recognized in the statement of profit and loss on disposal of that financial asset.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

e. Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind-AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on financial assets which are measured at amortized cost.

The Company follows ''simplified approach'' for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables resulting from transactions within the scope of Ind-AS 18, if they do not contain a significant financing component.

The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognizes impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from initial recognition.

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognizing impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e. all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR. ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as income / expense in the statement of profit and loss.

For financial assets measured as at amortized cost, ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e. as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.

II. Financial liabilities and equity instruments

Classification as debt or equity

Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

a. Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the company are recognized at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

Repurchase of the Company''s own equity instruments is recognized and deducted directly in equity. No gain or loss is recognized in the statement of profit and loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company''s own equity instruments.

b. Financial liabilities

i. The Company''s financial liabilities comprise:

- Non-current financial liabilities mainly consist of borrowings and liability for capital expenditure.

- Current financial liabilities mainly consist of trade payables, liability for capital expenditure, security deposit from dealer, transporter and contractor, staff related and other payables.

Initial recognition and measurement

The Company recognizes a financial liability in its Balance Sheet when it becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss or at amortized cost (loans and borrowings, and payables) as appropriate.

ii. Subsequent measurement of financial liabilities at amortized cost

Financial liabilities that are not held-for-trading and are not designated as at FVTPL are measured at amortized cost at the end of subsequent reporting periods. The carrying amounts of financial liabilities that are subsequently measured at amortized cost are determined based on the effective interest rate method. Interest expense that is not capitalized as part of cost of an asset is included in the ''Finance costs'' line item.

The effective interest rate method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

Subsequent measurement of financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

The Company uses foreign exchange forward contracts as derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to interest rate and foreign exchange rate risks, Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value at the date the derivative contracts are entered into and are subsequently premeasured to their fair value at the end of each reporting period. The resulting gain or loss is recognized in the statement of profit and loss immediately unless the derivative is designated and effective as a hedging instrument, in which event the timing of the recognition in the statement of profit and loss depends on the nature of the hedging relationship and the nature of the hedged item. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

The Company enters into derivative financial instruments such as foreign exchange forward contracts, to manage its exposure to foreign exchange rate risks. The Company does not hold derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

iii. Derecognition of financial liabilities

A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expired. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

Embedded derivatives

If the hybrid contract contains a host that is a financial asset within the scope of Ind AS 109, the Company does not separate embedded derivatives. Rather, it applies the classification requirements contained in Ind AS 109 "financial instruments" to the entire hybrid contract. Derivatives embedded in all other host contracts are accounted for as separate derivatives and recorded at fair value if their economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to those of the host contracts and the host contracts are not held for trading or designated at fair value through profit or loss. These embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Reassessment only occurs if there is either a change in the terms of the contract that significantly modifies the cash flows.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

L Provisions and contingencies

I. Provisions

A provision is recognized for a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of past events if it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. The amount recognized as provisions are determined based on best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These estimates are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as a finance cost.

Mines reclamation expenses

The Company provides for the expenses to reinstate the quarries used for mining. The total estimate of reclamation expenses is apportioned over the estimate of mineral reserves and a provision is made based on the minerals extracted during the year.

Mines reclamation expenses are incurred on an ongoing basis and until the closure of the mine. The actual expenses may vary based on the nature of reclamation and the estimate of reclamation expenditure. The total estimate of restoration expenses is reviewed periodically, on the basis of technical estimates.

II. Contingent liability

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

III. Contingent asset

Contingent asset is not recognized in financial statements since this may result in the recognition of income that may never be realized. However, when the realization of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is not a contingent asset and is recognized.

M. Foreign exchange gains and losses

Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transaction. Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or expense in the year in which they arise.

Investments in equity capital of overseas companies registered outside India are carried in the balance sheet at the rates at which transactions have been executed.

N. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment.

I. Sale of goods

Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer, which for domestic sales are accounted on dispatch of products to customers and export sales are accounted on the basis of date of Bill of Lading.

Revenue for current year is exclusive of goods and service tax, discounts and sales returns. Revenue for previous year is inclusive of excise duty but net of sales tax / value added tax / goods and services tax, discounts and sales returns, as applicable. Revenue excludes self-consumption of cement and clinker.

II. Rendering of services

Revenue from services is recognized (net of goods and services tax / service tax, as applicable) by reference to the stage of completion of the contract.

III. Interest income

Interest income from a financial asset is recognized when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset''s net carrying amount on initial recognition.

IV. Dividends

Dividend income is recognized when right to receive is established (provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably).

O. Retirement and other employee benefits

I. Defined contribution plan

Employee benefits in the form of contribution to Superannuation Fund, Provident Fund managed by Government Authorities, Employees State Insurance Corporation and Labour Welfare Fund are considered as defined contribution plans and the same are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the year in which the employee renders the related service.

II. Defined benefit plan

The Company''s gratuity fund scheme, additional gratuity scheme and post-employment benefit scheme are considered as defined benefit plans. The Company''s liability is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method as at the balance sheet date.

Employee benefit, in the form of contribution to provident fund managed by a trust set up by the Company, is charged to statement of profit and loss for the year in which the employee renders the related service. The Company has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the investment of the trust and interest rate notified by the Government of India. Such shortfall is recognized in the statement of profit and loss based on actuarial valuation.

Past service costs are recognized in the statement of profit and loss on the earlier of:

a. The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and

b. The date that the Company recognizes related restructuring costs

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. The Company recognizes the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss:

a. Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements; and

b. Net interest expense or income

Re-measurements, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling (if any), and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), are recognized immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Remeasurements are not reclassified to the statement of profit and loss in subsequent periods.

III. Short term employee benefits

a. Short term employee benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognized as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the statement of profit and loss of the year in which the related service is rendered.

b. Accumulated Compensated absences, which are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service, are treated as short term employee benefits. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

IV. Other long-term employee benefits

Long service awards and accumulated compensated absences which are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are treated as other long term employee benefits for measurement purposes.

V. Termination benefits

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Company before the normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Company recognizes termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates:

a. when the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; and

b. When the Company recognizes costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of Ind AS 37 and involves the payment of termination benefits.

In the case of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the offer. Benefits falling due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are discounted to present value.

VI. Presentation and disclosure

For the purpose of presentation of defined benefit plans, the allocation between the short term and long term provisions has been made as determined by an actuary. Obligations under other long-term benefits are classified as short-term provision, if the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer the settlement of the obligation beyond 12 months from the reporting date. The Company presents the

entire compensated absences as short term provisions, since employee has an unconditional right to avail the leave at any time during the year.

P. Non-current assets held for sale

The Company classifies non-current assets as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale rather than through continuing use and the sale is highly probable. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected within one year from the date of classification.

For these purposes, sale transactions include exchanges of non-current assets for other non-current assets when the exchange has commercial substance. The criteria for held for sale classification is regarded as met only when the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets, its sale is highly probable; and it will genuinely be sold, not abandoned. The Company treats sale of the asset to be highly probable when:

I. The appropriate level of management is committed to a plan to sell the asset,

II. An active programme to locate a buyer and complete the plan has been initiated (if applicable),

III. The asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value,

IV. The sale is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification, and

V. Actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

Non-current assets held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less costs to sell. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are presented separately in the balance sheet.

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets once classified as held for sale are not depreciated or amortized.

Gains and losses on disposals of non-current assets are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amounts, and are recognized in the statement of profit and loss in "Other income".

Q. Borrowing Cost

Borrowing cost directly attributable to acquisition and construction of assets that necessarily take substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale are capitalized as part of the cost of such assets up to the date when such assets are ready for intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing cost consists of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

R. Taxation

Tax expense comprises current income tax and deferred income tax and includes any adjustments related to past periods in current and / or deferred tax adjustments that may become necessary due to certain developments or reviews during the relevant period.

I. Current income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.

Current income tax relating to items recognized outside the statement of profit and loss is recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.

II. Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, except:

a. When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

b. In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized, except:

a. When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

b. In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured based on the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognized outside the statement of profit and loss is recognized outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognized in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority. Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.

III. Minimum alternate tax (MAT)

Deferred tax assets include MAT paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future income tax liability and is considered as an asset if it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which these tax credits can be utilized. Accordingly, MAT is recognized as deferred tax asset in the Balance Sheet when it is highly probable that future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company. MAT credit is reviewed at each balance sheet date and written down to the extent the aforesaid convincing evidence no longer exists.

S. Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

I. Company as a lessee

a. Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor''s expected inflationary cost increases.

b. Assets held under finance leases are initially recognized as assets of the Company at their fair value at the inception of the lease or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding liability (if any) to the lessor is included in the balance sheet as a finance lease obligation.

II. Company as a lessor

a. Assets given under finance lease are recognized as a receivable at an amount equal to the net investment in the lease. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognized immediately in the statement of profit and loss. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.

b. Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income is recognized in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor''s expected inflationary cost increases. Costs, including depreciation, are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. incurred by the Company in negotiating and arranging an operating lease shall be added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognized as an expense over the lease term on the same basis as the lease income.

T. Segment reporting

Operating segment is reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM).

The board of directors of the company has appointed executive committee (ExCo) as CODM. The ExCo assesses the financial performance and position of the Company and makes strategic decisions.

U. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, cash at banks, demand deposits from banks and short-term, highly liquid instruments. As part of Company''s cash management policy to meet short term cash commitments, it parks its surplus funds in short-term highly liquid instruments that are generally held for a period of three months or less from the date of acquisition. These short-term highly liquid instruments are open-ended debt funds that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

V. Government grants and subsidies

I. Grants and subsidies from the Government are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the grant / subsidy will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with.

II. Where the government grants / subsidies relate to revenue, they are recognized as income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Government grants and subsidies receivable against an expense are deducted from such expense.

III. Where the grant or subsidy relates to an asset, it is recognized as income in equal amounts over the expected useful

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Dec 31, 2017

1. Significant accounting policies

A. Property, plant and equipment

I. Property, plant and equipment are stated at their cost of acquisition / installation / construction net of accumulated depreciation, and impairment losses (if any), except freehold non-mining land which is carried at cost less impairment losses. Subsequent expenditures are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. When significant parts of plant and equipment are required to be replaced at intervals, the Company depreciates them separately based on their specific useful lives. Likewise, when a major inspection is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of the plant and equipment as a replacement if the recognition criteria are satisfied. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the statement of profit and loss during the reporting period in which they are incurred. The present value of the expected cost for the decommissioning of an asset after its use is included in the cost of the respective asset if the recognition criteria for a provision are met.

II. Spares which meet the definition of property, plant and equipment are capitalised as on the date of acquisition. The corresponding old spares are decapitalised on such date with consequent impact in the statement of profit and loss.

III. Property, plant and equipment not ready for the intended use as on the balance sheet date are disclosed as “Capital work-in-progress”. Such items are classified to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment when completed and ready for intended use. Advances given towards acquisition / construction of property, plant and equipment outstanding at each balance sheet date are disclosed as Capital Advances under “Other non-current assets”.

IV. An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit and loss in “other income / (expenses)” when the asset is derecognised.

B. Depreciation on property, plant and equipment

I. Depreciation is provided as per the useful life of assets which are determined based on technical parameters / assessment. Depreciation is calculated using “Written down value method” for assets related to Captive Power Plant and using “Straight line method” for other assets. Estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:

The useful life as estimated above is also in line with the prescribed useful life estimates as specified under Schedule II of the Act.

II. The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed during each financial year and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

III. The Company identifies and determines cost of each component/ part of the asset separately, if the component / part have a cost, which is significant to the total cost of the asset and has useful life that is materially different from that of the remaining asset.

IV. Depreciation on additions to property, plant and equipment is provided on a pro-rata basis from the date of acquisition or installation or construction, when the asset is ready for intended use.

V. Depreciation on an item of property, plant and equipment sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped, is provided upto the date on which the said asset is sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped.

VI. Capitalised spares are depreciated over their own estimated useful life or the estimated useful life of the parent asset whichever is lower.

VII. In respect of an asset for which impairment loss, if any, is recognised, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the asset over its remaining useful life.

VIII. Property, plant and equipment, constructed by the Company, but ownership of which vests with the Government / Local authorities:

a. Expenditure on Power lines is depreciated over the period as permitted in the Electricity Supply Act, 1948 / 2003 as applicable.

b. Expenditure on Marine structures is depreciated over the period of the agreement.

C. Intangible assets

I. Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, if any.

II. The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.

III. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed during of each reporting period. Changes in the expected useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in the statement of profit and loss unless such expenditure forms part of carrying value of another asset.

IV. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortised, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis. Other than goodwill there are no other intangible assets with indefinite useful life.

V. An intangible asset is derecognised on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, if any, are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss when the asset is derecognised.

D. Amortisation of intangible assets

A summary of the policies applied to the Company’s intangible assets is, as follows:

E. Impairment of non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of other non-financial assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal /external factors. An impairment loss, if any, is recognised in the statement of profit and loss wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is higher of the asset’s fair value less cost of disposal and value in use. Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual non-financial asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount for the smallest cash generating unit to which the non-financial assets belongs. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the assets. A previously recognised impairment loss, if any, is increased or reversed depending on the changes in circumstances, however, the carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation / amortisation if there was no impairment.

F. Inventories

Inventories are valued after providing for obsolescence, as follows:

I. Raw materials, stores and spare parts, fuel and packing material:

Lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes purchase price, other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition, and taxes for which credit is not available. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

II. Work-in-progress, finished goods and stock in trade:

Lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity, but excluding borrowing costs. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty, as applicable. Cost of stock-in-trade includes cost of purchase and other cost incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition. Cost is determined on a monthly moving weighted average basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

G. Business combination

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration transferred in a business combination is measured at fair value, which is calculated as the sum of acquisition date fair values of the assets transferred, liabilities incurred to the former owner of the acquiree and the equity interests issued in exchange of control of the acquiree. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred.

At the acquisition date, the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed are recognised at their acquisition date fair values. For this purpose, the liabilities assumed include contingent liabilities representing present obligation and they are measured at their acquisition fair values irrespective of the fact that outflow of resources embodying economic benefits is not probable. However, the following assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination are measured on the basis indicated below:

I. Deferred tax assets or liabilities, and the assets or liabilities related to employee benefit arrangements are recognised and measured in accordance with Ind AS 12 Income Tax and Ind AS 19 Employee Benefits respectively.

II. Liabilities or equity instruments related to share based payment arrangements of the acquiree or share -based payments arrangements of the Company entered into to replace share-based payment arrangements of the acquiree are measured in accordance with Ind AS 102 Share-based Payments at the acquisition date.

III. Assets (or disposal Groups) that are classified as held for sale in accordance with Ind AS 105 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations are measured in accordance with that standard.

When the Company acquires a business, it assesses the financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate classification and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions as at the acquisition date. This includes the separation of embedded derivatives in host contracts by the acquiree.

Goodwill is initially measured at cost, being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and fair value of any previously held interest in acquiree, over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. If the fair value of the net assets acquired is in excess of the aggregate consideration transferred, the Company re-assesses whether it has correctly identified all of the assets acquired and all of the liabilities assumed and reviews the procedures used to measure the amounts to be recognised at the acquisition date. If the reassessment still results in an excess of the fair value of net assets acquired over the aggregate consideration transferred, then the gain is recognised in OCI and accumulated in equity as capital reserve. However, if there is no clear evidence of bargain purchase, the entity recognises the gain directly in equity as capital reserve, without routing the same through OCI.

When a business combination is achieved in stages, the Company’s previously held equity interest in the acquiree is re-measured to its acquisition-date fair value and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is recognised in the statement of profit or loss. Amounts arising from interests in the acquiree prior to the acquisition date that have previously been recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to the statement of profit and loss where such treatment would be appropriate if that interest were disposed of.

If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, the Company reports provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is incomplete. Those provisional amounts are adjusted through goodwill during the measurement period, or additional assets or liabilities are recognised, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognized at that date. These adjustments are called as measurement period adjustments. The measurement period does not exceed one year from the acquisition date.

Business combination of entities under common control

Business combinations involving entities that are controlled by the company or ultimately controlled by the same party or parties both before and after the business combination, and that control is not transitory, are accounted for using the pooling of interests method as follows:

I. The assets and liabilities of the combining entities are reflected at their carrying amounts.

II. No adjustments are made to reflect fair values, or recognise any new assets or liabilities. Adjustments are only made to harmonise accounting policies.

III. The financial information in the financial statements in respect of prior periods is restated as if the business combination had occurred from the beginning of the preceding period in the financial statements, irrespective of the actual date of the combination, however, where the business combination had occurred after that date, the prior period information is restated only from that date.

IV. The balance of the retained earnings appearing in the financial statements of the transferor is aggregated with the corresponding balance appearing in the financial statements of the transferee or is adjusted against general reserve.

V. The identity of the reserves is preserved and the reserves of the transferor become the reserves of the transferee.

The difference, if any, between the amounts recorded as share capital issued plus any additional consideration in the form of cash or other assets and the amount of share capital of the transferor is transferred to capital reserve and is presented separately from other capital reserves.

H. Goodwill

Goodwill arising on an acquisition of a business is carried at cost as established at the date of acquisition of the business (also see note “G” in accounting policy) less accumulated impairment losses, if any.

After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the Company’s cash generating units that are expected to benefit from the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the acquiree are assigned to those units.

Cash generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro rata based on the carrying amount of each asset in the unit. Any impairment loss for goodwill is recognised in the statement of profit and loss. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed in subsequent periods.

I. Investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint arrangements

I. Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are entities that are controlled by the Company. The Company controls an entity when the Company is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. Investments in subsidiaries are accounted at cost less impairment, if any.

II. Associate

Associates are all entities over which the Company has significant influence. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee, but is not control or joint control over those policies. This is generally the case where the Company holds between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associates are accounted at cost less impairment, if any.

III. Joint Arrangements

Interests in joint arrangements are interests over which the Company exercises joint control and are classified as either joint operations or joint ventures depending on the contractual rights and obligations arising from the agreement rather than the legal structure of the joint arrangement.

a. Joint operation

A joint operation is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the assets, and obligations for the liabilities, relating to the arrangement. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. If the interest is classified as a joint operation, the Company recognizes its share of the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses in the joint operation in accordance with the relevant Ind AS.

When the Company transacts with a joint operation in which the Company is a Joint operator (such as a sale or contribution of assets), the Company is considered to be conducting the transaction with the other parties to the joint operation, and gains and losses resulting from the transactions are recognised in the company’s financial statements only to the extent of other parties’ interests in the joint operation.

When the Company transacts with a joint operation in which the Company is a joint operator (such as a purchase of assets) the Company does not recognise its share of the gains and losses until it resells those assets to a third party.

b. Joint venture

A joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the joint arrangement. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. Interests in joint ventures are accounted at cost less impairment, if any.

J. Fair value measurement

The Company measures some of its financial instruments at fair value at each balance sheet date.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorised within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

I. Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

II. Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable.

III. Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

K. Financial instruments

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity. Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through the statement of profit and loss are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

I. Financial assets

a. The Company’s financial assets comprise:

i. Current financial assets mainly consist of trade receivables, investment in liquid mutual funds, cash and bank balances, fixed deposits with banks and financial institutions and other current receivables.

ii. Non-current financial assets mainly consist of financial investments in equity, bond and fixed deposits, non-current receivables from related party and employees and non-current deposits.

b. Initial recognition and measurement of financial assets

All regular way purchases or sales of financial assets are recognised and derecognised on a trade date basis. Regular way purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within the time frame established by regulation or convention in the marketplace.

c. Subsequent measurement of financial assets

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in the following categories:

i. Debt instruments at amortised cost

A debt instrument is measured at the amortised cost if both the following conditions are met:

- The asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets for collecting contractual cash flows, and

- Contractual terms of the asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal amount outstanding.

- This category is the most relevant to the Company. It comprises of current financial assets such as trade receivables, cash and bank balances, fixed deposits with banks and financial institutions and other current receivables and non-current financial assets such as financial investments - bond and fixed deposits, non-current receivables and deposits.

After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. The EIR amortisation is included in other income in the the statement of profit and loss. The losses arising from impairment, if any are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

ii. Debt instrument at FVTOCI

A debt instrument is classified as at the FVTOCI if both of the following criteria are met:

- The objective of the business model is achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and selling the financial assets, and

- The asset’s contractual cash flows represent SPPI.

Debt instruments included within the FVTOCI category are measured initially as well as at each reporting date at fair value. Fair value movements are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). However, the Company recognizes interest income, impairment losses and reversals and foreign exchange gain or loss in the statement of profit and loss. On de-recognition of the asset, cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in OCI is reclassified from equity to the statement of profit and loss. Interest earned whilst holding FVTOCI debt instrument is reported as interest income using the EIR method.

iii. Debt instruments, liquid mutual funds, derivatives and equity instruments at fair value through the statement of profit and loss (FVTPL)

Debt instruments, liquid mutual funds, derivatives and equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

This category comprises investments in liquid mutual funds and investment in equity instruments.

Equity instruments included within the FVTPL category are measured at fair value with all changes recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

iv. Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

Equity instruments, which are held for trading, are classified as at FVTPL. For all other equity instruments, the Company decides to classify the same either as at FVTOCI or FVTPL. The Company makes such election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The classification is made on initial recognition and is irrevocable.

If the Company decides to classify an equity instrument as at FVTOCI, then all fair value changes on the instrument, excluding dividends, are recognized in the other comprehensive income (OCI). There is no recycling of the amounts from OCI to the statement of profit and loss, even on sale of investment. However, the Company transfers the cumulative gain or loss within equity.

d. Derecognition of financial assets

A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a Company of similar financial assets) is primarily derecognised when:

i. The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired, or

ii. The Company has transferred its contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through’ arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

On derecognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity is recognised in the statement of profit and loss if such gain or loss would have otherwise been recognised in the statement of profit and loss on disposal of that financial asset.

When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Company’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has retained.

On derecognition of a financial asset other than in its entirety (e.g. when the Company retains an option to repurchase part of a transferred asset), the Company allocates the previous carrying amount of the financial asset between the part it continues to recognise under continuing involvement, and the part it no longer recognises on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts on the date of the transfer. The difference between the carrying amount allocated to the part that is no longer recognised and the sum of the consideration received for the part no longer recognised and any cumulative gain or loss allocated to it that had been recognised in other comprehensive income is recognised in the statement of profit and loss if such gain or loss would have otherwise been recognised in the statement of profit and loss on disposal of that financial asset.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Company could be required to repay.

e. Impairment of financial assets

In accordance with Ind-AS 109, the Company applies expected credit loss (ECL) model for measurement and recognition of impairment loss on financial assets which are measured at amortised cost or FVTOCI.

The Company follows ‘simplified approach’ for recognition of impairment loss allowance on trade receivables resulting from transactions within the scope of Ind-AS 18, if they do not contain a significant financing component.

The application of simplified approach does not require the Company to track changes in credit risk. Rather, it recognises impairment loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date, right from its initial recognition.

For recognition of impairment loss on other financial assets and risk exposure, the Company determines whether there has been a significant increase in the credit risk since initial recognition. If credit risk has not increased significantly, 12-month ECL is used to provide for impairment loss. However, if credit risk has increased significantly, lifetime ECL is used. If, in a subsequent period, credit quality of the instrument improves such that there is no longer a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, then the entity reverts to recognising impairment loss allowance based on 12-month ECL.

Lifetime ECL are the expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. The 12-month ECL is a portion of the lifetime ECL which results from default events that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.

ECL is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Company in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the entity expects to receive (i.e. all cash shortfalls), discounted at the original EIR. ECL impairment loss allowance (or reversal) recognized during the period is recognized as income / expense in the statement of profit and loss. This amount is reflected in a separate line in the P&L as an impairment gain or loss.

For financial assets measured as at amortised cost, ECL is presented as an allowance, i.e. as an integral part of the measurement of those assets in the balance sheet. The allowance reduces the net carrying amount. Until the asset meets write-off criteria, the Company does not reduce impairment allowance from the gross carrying amount.

II. Financial liabilities and equity instruments

Classification as debt or equity

Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument.

a. Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the company are recognised at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

Repurchase of the Company’s own equity instruments is recognised and deducted directly in equity. No gain or loss is recognised in the statement of profit and loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company’s own equity instruments.

b. Financial liabilities

i. The Company’s financial liability comprise:

- Non-current financial liabilities mainly consist of borrowings and liability for capital expenditure.

- Current financial liabilities mainly consist of trade payables, liability for capital expenditure, security deposits from dealer, transporter & contractor, staff related and other payables.

ii. Subsequent measurement of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities that are not held-for-trading and are not designated as at FVTPL are measured at amortised cost at the end of subsequent reporting periods. The carrying amounts of financial liabilities that are subsequently measured at amortised cost are determined based on the effective interest rate method. Interest expense that is not capitalised as part of costs of an asset is included in the ‘Finance costs’ line item.

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

iii. Derecognition of financial liabilities

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expired. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the balance sheet if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

L. Provisions and contingencies

I. Provisions

A provision is recognised for a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of past events if it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. The amount recognised as provisions are determined based on best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation at the balance sheet date. These estimates are reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

Mines reclamation expenses

The Company provides for the expenses to reinstate the quarries used for mining. The total estimate of reclamation expenses is apportioned over the estimate of mineral reserves and a provision is made based on the minerals extracted during the year.

Mines reclamation expenses are incurred on an ongoing basis and until the closure of the mine. The actual expenses may vary based on the nature of reclamation and the estimate of reclamation expenditure. The total estimate of restoration expenses is reviewed periodically, on the basis of technical estimates.

II. Contingent liability

A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from the past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

III. Contingent asset

Contingent asset is not recognised in financial statements since this may result in the recognition of income that may never be realised. However, when the realisation of income is virtually certain, then the related asset is not a contingent asset and is recognised

M. Foreign exchange gains and losses

Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transaction. Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or expense in the year in which they arise.

Investments in equity capital of overseas companies registered outside India are carried in the balance sheet at the rates at which transactions have been executed.

N. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognised to the extent it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is being made. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of payment.

I. Sale of goods

Revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer, which for domestic sales are accounted on dispatch of products to customers and export sales are accounted on the basis of date of Bill of Lading.

Revenue disclosed is inclusive of excise duty and net of sales tax / value added tax/goods and services tax, discounts and sales returns, as applicable. Revenue excludes self-consumption of cement.

II. Rendering of services

Revenue from services is recognised (net of service tax / goods and services tax, as applicable) by reference to the stage of completion of the contract.

III. Interest income

Interest income from a financial asset is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset’s net carrying amount on initial recognition.

IV. Dividends

Dividend income is recognised when right to receive is established (provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the amount of income can be measured reliably).

O. Retirement and other employee benefits

I. Defined contribution plan

Employee benefits in the form of contribution to Superannuation Fund, Provident Fund managed by Government Authorities, Employees State Insurance Corporation and Labour Welfare Fund are considered as defined contribution plans and the same are charged to the statement of profit and loss for the year in which the employee renders the related service.

II. Defined benefit plan

The Company’s gratuity fund scheme, additional gratuity scheme and post-employment benefit scheme are considered as defined benefit plans. The Company’s liability is determined on the basis of an actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method as at the balance sheet date.

Employee benefit, in the form of contribution to provident fund managed by a trust set up by the Company, is charged to statement of profit and loss for the year in which the employee renders the related service. The Company has an obligation to make good the shortfall, if any, between the return from the investment of the trust and interest rate notified by the Government of India. Such shortfall is recognised in the statement of profit and loss based on actuarial valuation.

Past service costs are recognised in the statement of profit and loss on the earlier of:

a. The date of the plan amendment or curtailment, and

b. The date that the Company recognises related restructuring costs

The net interest cost is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net balance of the defined benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets. The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation as an expense in the statement of profit and loss:

a. Service costs comprising current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements; and

b. Net interest expense or income

Re-measurements, comprising of actuarial gains and losses, the effect of the asset ceiling (if any), and the return on plan assets (excluding net interest), are recognised immediately in the balance sheet with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur. Re-measurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.

III. Short term employee benefits

a. Short term employee benefits that are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the statement of profit and loss of the year in which the related service is rendered.

b. Accumulated Compensated absences, which are expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service, are treated as short term employee benefits. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

IV. Other long-term employee benefits

Long service awards and accumulated compensated absences which are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are treated as other long term employee benefits for measurement purposes. Compensated absences are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, as at the date of the balance sheet. Actuarial gains / losses, if any, are immediately recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

V. Termination benefits

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Company before the normal retirement date, or when an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Company recognises termination benefits at the earlier of the following dates:

a. When the Company can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits; and

b. When the Company recognises costs for a restructuring that is within the scope of Ind AS 37 and involves the payment of termination benefits.

In the case of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy, the termination benefits are measured based on the number of employees expected to accept the offer. Benefits falling due more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period are discounted to present value.

VI. Presentation and disclosure

For the purpose of presentation of Defined benefit plans, the allocation between the short term and long term provisions has been made as determined by an actuary. Obligations under other long-term benefits are classified as short-term provision, if the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer the settlement of the obligation beyond 12 months from the reporting date. The Company presents the entire compensated absences as short term provisions, since employee has an unconditional right to avail the leave at any time during the year.

P. Non-current assets held for sale

The Company classifies non-current assets as held for sale if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale rather than through continuing use and the sale is highly probable. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected within one year from the date of classification.

For these purposes, sale transactions include exchanges of non-current assets for other non-current assets when the exchange has commercial substance. The criteria for held for sale classification is regarded as met only when the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets, its sale is highly probable; and it will genuinely be sold, not abandoned. The Company treats sale of the asset to be highly probable when:

I. The appropriate level of management is committed to a plan to sell the asset,

II. An active programme to locate a buyer and complete the plan has been initiated (if applicable),

III. The asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value,

IV. The sale is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification, and

V. Actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

Non-current assets held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and the fair value less costs to sell. Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are presented separately in the balance sheet.

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets once classified as held for sale are not depreciated or amortised.

Gains and losses on disposals of non-current assets are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amounts, and are recognised in the statement of profit and loss in “Other income”.

Q. Borrowing Costs

Borrowing cost directly attributable to acquisition and construction of assets that necessarily takes substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets up to the date when such assets are ready for intended use or sale. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they occur. Borrowing cost consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing cost also includes exchange differences to the extent regarded as an adjustment to the borrowing costs.

R. Taxation

Tax expense comprises current income tax and deferred income tax and includes any adjustments related to past periods in current and / or deferred tax adjustments that may become necessary due to certain developments or reviews during the relevant period.

I. Current income tax

Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date.

Current income tax relating to items recognised outside the statement of profit and loss is recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.

II. Deferred tax

Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except:

a. When the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

b. In respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised, except:

a. When the deferred tax asset relating to the deductible temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

b. In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured based on the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside the statement of profit and loss is recognised outside the statement of profit and loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and when the deferred tax balances relate to the same taxation authority. Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.

III. Minimum alternate tax

Deferred tax assets include Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) paid in accordance with the tax laws, which gives future economic benefits in the form of adjustment to future income tax liability and is considered as an asset if it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which these tax credit can be utilized. Accordingly, MAT is recognised as deferred tax asset in the Balance Sheet when it is highly probable that future economic benefit associated with it will flow to the Company.

S. Leases

The determination of whether an arrangement is (or contains) a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception of the lease. The arrangement is, or contains, a lease if fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets and the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.

I. Company as a lessee

a. Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor’s expected inflationary cost increases.

b. Assets held under finance leases are initially recognised as assets of the Company at their fair value at the inception of the lease or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding liability (if any) to the lessor is included in the balance sheet as a finance lease obligation.

II. Company as a lessor

a. Assets given under finance lease are recognised as a receivable at an amount equal to the net investment in the lease. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment outstanding in respect of the lease.

b. Leases in which the Company does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset are classified as operating leases. Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income is recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless the payments are structured to increase in line with expected general inflation to compensate for the lessor’s expected inflationary cost increases. Costs, including depreciation, are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. incurred by the Company in negotiating and arranging an operating lease shall be added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised as an expense over the lease term on the same basis as the lease income.

T. Segment reporting

Operating segment is reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM).

The board of directors of the company has appointed executive committee (ExCo) as CODM. The ExCo assesses the financial performance and position of the Company and makes strategic decisions.

U. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, cash at banks, demand deposits from banks and shortterm, highly liquid instruments. As part of Company’s cash management policy to meet short term cash commitments, it parks its surplus funds in short-term highly liquid instruments that are generally held for a period of three months or less from the date of acquisition. These short-term highly liquid instruments are open-ended debt funds that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and are subject to insignificant risk of changes in value.

V. Government grants and subsidies

I. Grants and subsidies from the Government are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that the grant / subsidy will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with.

II. Where the government grants / subsidies relate to revenue, they are recognized as income on a systematic basis in the statement of profit and loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Government grants and subsidies receivable against an expense are deducted from such expense.

III. Where the grant or subsidy relates to an asset, it is recognised as income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset.

IV. When the Company receives grants of non-monetary assets, the asset and the grant are recorded at fair value amounts and released to the statement of profit and loss over the expected useful life in a pattern of consumption of the benefit of the underlying asset i.e. by equal annual installments.

V. When loans or similar assistance are provided by governments or related institutions, with an interest rate below the current applicable market rate, the effect of this favourable interest is regarded as a government grant. The loan or assistance is initially recognised and measured at fair value and the government grant is measured as the difference between the initial carrying value of the loan and the proceeds received. The loan is subsequently measured as per the accounting policy applicable to financial liabilities.

W. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

Diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing the profit after tax as adjusted for dividend, interest and other charges to expense or income (net of any attributable taxes) relating to the dilutive potential equity shares, by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic earnings per share and the weighted average number of equity shares which could have been issued on conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares.

X. Classification of current / non-current assets and liabilities

All assets and liabilities are presented as current or non-current as per the Company’s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013 and Ind As 1 Presentation of financial statements. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realisation, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of current / non-current classification of assets and liabilities.

Y. Significant estimates and assumptions

The preparation of the Company’s financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

The Company makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that may have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year relate primarily to defined benefit obligations, useful life of property, plant and equipment, revenue recognition, fair value measurement of financial instruments and mines restoration at the end of the reporting period.

I. Defined benefit obligations

The cost of defined benefit gratuity plans, post-retirement medical benefit and death & disability benefit, is determined using actuarial valuations. The actuarial valuation involves making assumptions about discount rates, future salary increases, mortality rates and future pension increases. Due to the long-term nature of these plans, such estimates are subject to significant uncertainty.

II. Fair value measurement of financial instruments

When the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities recorded in the balance sheet cannot be measured based on quoted prices in active markets, their fair value is measured using valuation techniques including the discounted cash flow model. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgment is required in establishing fair values. Judgments include considerations of inputs such as liquidity risk, credit risk and volatility. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value of financial instruments.

III. Mines restoration obligation

In measuring the mines restoration obligation, assumptions and estimates are made in relation to discount rates, the expected cost of mines restoration and the expected timing of those costs.

IV. Useful life of property, plant and equipment

The charge in respect of periodic depreciation is derived after determining an estimate of an asset’s expected useful life and the expec

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Dec 31, 2016

1. Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements :

i. The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material respects with the Accounting Standards notified under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read together with Rule 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014.

ii. Financial statements are based on historical cost and are prepared on accrual basis.

iii. Accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company and are consistent with those used in the previous year.

iv. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, actual result could differ from these estimates.

2. Significant Accounting Policies :

a. Fixed Assets :

i. Fixed Assets are stated at their original cost of acquisition / installation (net of Cenvat and VAT credit wherever applicable), net of accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment losses, except freehold non mining land which is carried at cost less impairment losses. Subsequent expenditures related to an item of fixed assets are added to its gross book value only if it increases the future benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously assessed standard of performance.

ii. Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with a particular item of fixed asset and the use of which is irregular, are capitalised at cost net of Cenvat and VAT credit, wherever applicable.

iii. Fixed assets not ready for the intended use on the date of balance sheet are disclosed as "Capital work-in-progress". Advances given towards acquisition/construction of fixed assets outstanding at each Balance sheet date are disclosed as Capital advances under "Long-term loans and advances". Expenditure during construction period (including financing cost relating to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of qualifying fixed assets) incurred on projects under implementation are treated as Pre-operative expenses, pending allocation to the assets, and are included under "Capital work-in-progress". These expenses are apportioned to fixed assets on commencement of commercial production.

iv. Fixed Assets retired from active use and held for disposal are stated at the lower of their net book value and net realisable value and are disclosed separately under "other current assets".

v. Losses arising from the retirement of, and gains and losses arising from disposal of fixed assets which are carried at cost are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

b. Depreciation and amortisation :

i. Tangible Assets :

a. Leasehold land including premium is amortised over the period of lease on a straight line basis. Cost of mineral reserve embedded in the cost of freehold mining land is depreciated in proportion of actual quantity of minerals extracted to the estimated quantity of extractable mineral reserves.

b. Depreciation is provided as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013, for Captive Power Plant related assets (consisting of Buildings and Plant & Machinery) based on "Written Down Value Method" and for other assets based on "Straight Line Method". The Company identifies and determines cost of each component/ part of the asset separately, if the component/ part has a cost which is significant to the total cost of the asset and has useful life that is materially different from that of the remaining asset. Estimated useful lives of assets are determined based on technical parameters/ assessment.

I. Depreciation on additions to fixed assets is provided on a pro-rata basis from the date of acquisition or installation, and in the case of a new project, from the date of commencement of commercial production.

II. Depreciation on assets sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped, is provided up to the date on which the said asset is sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped.

III. In respect of an asset for which impairment loss is recognised, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the assets over its remaining useful life.

c. Machinery spares, which are capitalised, are depreciated over the useful life of the related fixed asset. The written down value of such spares is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss, on issue for consumption.

d. Fixed assets, constructed by the Company, but ownership of which vests with the Government / Local Authorities :

I. Expenditure on Power lines is depreciated over the period as permitted in the Electricity Supply Act, 1948 / 2003, as applicable.

II. Expenditure on Marine structures is depreciated over the period of the agreement.

ii. Intangible Assets :

a. Expenditure to acquire Water drawing rights from Government / Local Authorities / other parties is amortised on straight line method over the period of rights to use the facilities ranging from ten to thirty years.

b. Expenditure on Computer software is amortised on straight line method over the period of expected benefit not exceeding five years.

c. Other intangible assets are amortised over their estimated useful economic life.

d. Gains or losses from derecognition of intangible assets are measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss when the asset is derecognised.

e. Goodwill arising on amalgamation as referred to in note 47 is amortised on straight line method over a period of three years.

c. Impairment of Assets :

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal / external factors. An impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset. A previously recognised impairment loss is increased or reversed depending on the changes in circumstances. However, the carrying value after reversal is not increased beyond the carrying value that would have prevailed by charging usual depreciation / amortisation if there was no impairment.

d. Investments :

i. Investments that are intended to be held for more than a year, from the date of acquisition, are classified as long-term investments and are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value of investments is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of the investments.

Investments other than long-term investments being current investments are valued at cost or fair value whichever is lower, determined on an individual basis.

ii. On disposal of an investment, the difference between the carrying amount and the net disposal proceeds is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

iii. Investments, which are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than one year from balance sheet date, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as noncurrent investments. However, that part of long term investments which are expected to be realized within twelve months from the Balance Sheet date is presented under "Current Investments" in consonance with the current / non-current classification under Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013.

e. Inventories :

Inventories are valued as follows:

i. Raw materials, stores & spare, fuel and packing material :

Lower of cost less provision for slow and non-moving inventory, if any, and net realisable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

ii. Work-in-progress, finished goods, stock in trade and trial run inventories :

Lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty. Cost of stock-in-trade includes cost of purchase and other cost incurred in bringing the inventories to the present location and condition. Cost is determined on a monthly moving weighted average basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

f. Provisions and Contingent Liabilities :

i. A provision is recognised for a present obligation as a result of past events if it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions (excluding retirement benefits) are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. These estimates are reviewed at each Balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate.

ii. A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from the past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognised because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognise a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the financial statements.

g. Foreign Currency Conversion :

Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transaction. Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting Company''s monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or expenses in the year in which they arise.

Investment in equity capital of Companies registered outside India are carried in the Balance Sheet at the rates at which transactions have been executed.

h. Revenue Recognition :

Revenue is recognised to the extent it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured

i. Revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer. Accordingly, domestic sales are accounted on dispatch of products to customers and export sales are accounted on the basis of date of Bill of Lading. Sales are disclosed net of sales tax / value added tax, discounts and sales returns, as applicable. Sales exclude self-consumption of cement. Excise duties deducted from sale of products (gross) are the amounts that are included in the amount of sale of products (gross) and not the entire amount of liability that arose during the year.

ii. Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Dividend income is recognised when right to receive is established by the Balance Sheet date.

i. Mines Reclamation Expenses :

The Company provides for the expenses to reclaim the quarries used for mining. The total estimate of reclamation expenses is apportioned over the estimate of mineral reserves and a provision is made based on the minerals extracted during the year.

Mines reclamation expenses are incurred on an ongoing basis and until the closure of the mine. The actual expenses may vary based on the nature of reclamation and the estimate of reclamation expenditure. The total estimate of restoration provision is reviewed periodically, on the basis of technical estimates.

j. Retirement and Other Employee Benefits :

i. Defined Contribution Plan :

Employee benefits in the form of contribution to Superannuation Fund, Provident Fund managed by Government Authorities, Employees State Insurance Corporation and Labour Welfare Fund are considered as defined contribution plan and the same is charged to the Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the employee renders the related services.

ii. Defined Benefit Plan :

Retirement benefits in the form of gratuity, post-retirement medical benefit and death & disability benefit are considered as defined benefit obligations and are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, as at the date of the balance sheet. Actuarial gains / losses, if any, are recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss in the year in which they arise.

Employee Benefit, in the form of contribution to Provident Fund managed by a Trust set up by the Company is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss for the year in which the employee renders the related service. The deficit, if any, in the accumulated corpus of the trust is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss based on actuarial valuation.

iii. Short term employee benefits :

I. Short term employee benefits are recognised as an expense at the undiscounted amount in the Statement of Profit and Loss of the Year in which the related service is rendered.

II. Accumulated compensated absences, which are expected to be availed or encased within 12 months from the end of the year are treated as short term employee benefits. The Company measures the expected cost of such absences as the additional amount that it expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the reporting date.

iv. Other long-term benefits :

Compensated absences are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, as at the date of the balance sheet. Actuarial gains / losses, if any, are immediately recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

v. Termination benefits :

Expenses incurred towards voluntary retirement scheme are charged to Statement of Profit and Loss as and when they accrue.

vi. Presentation and disclosure :

For the purpose of presentation of Defined benefit plans and other long term benefits, the allocation between the short term and long term provisions has been made as determined by an actuary. The Company presents the entire compensated absences as short term provisions, since employee has an unconditional right to avail the leave at any time during the year.

k. Employee Stock Compensation Cost :

The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock option using the fair value method. Discount on Equity Shares as compensation expenses under the Employee Stock Option Scheme, is amortised in accordance with Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme Guidelines, 1999 issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India and the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based payments, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.

l. Borrowing Costs and Share Issue Expenses :

i. Borrowing cost attributable to acquisition and construction of assets that necessarily takes substantial period of time are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets up to the date when such assets are ready for intended use.

ii. Expenses on issue of Shares, Debentures and Bonds as well as Premium on Redemption of Debentures are adjusted to Securities Premium Account in accordance with the Companies Act, 2013.

iii. Borrowing cost such as discount or premium and ancillary costs in connection with arrangement of borrowings are amortised over the period of borrowings.

iv. Other borrowing costs are charged as expense in the year in which these are incurred. m. Taxation :

Tax expense comprises of current income and deferred income tax and includes any adjustments related to past periods in current and / or deferred tax adjustments that may become necessary due to certain developments or reviews during the relevant period. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of current year''s timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

Current tax assets and current tax liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle the asset and the liability on a net basis.

Minimum alternate tax (MAT) paid in a year is charged to Statement of Profit and Loss as current tax. The Company recognises MAT credit available as an asset only to the extent that there is convincing evidence that the Company will pay normal income tax during the specified period i.e. the period for which MAT credit is allowed to be carried forward. In the year in which the Company recognises MAT credit as an asset in accordance with the Guidance note on Accounting for Credit available in respect of Minimum Alternate Tax under the Income tax Act, 1961, the said asset is created by way of credit to the Statement of Profit and Loss and shown as "MAT Credit Entitlement" under the head loans and advances. The Company reviews the "MAT Credit Entitlement" asset at each reporting date and writes down the asset to the extent the Company does not have convincing evidence that it will pay normal tax during the specified period.

n. Leases :

Where the Company is the lessee:

Leases where the less or effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Where the Company is the less or :

i. Assets given under finance lease are recognised as a receivable at an amount equal to the net investment in the lease. Lease rentals are apportioned between principal and interest on the internal rate of return method. The principal amount received reduces the net investment in the lease and interest is recognised as revenue. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs etc. are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

ii. Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income is recognised in the Statement of Profit and Loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation, are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognised immediately in the Statement of Profit and Loss.

o. Segment Reporting Policies :

Primary Segment is identified based on the nature of products and services, the different risks and returns and the internal business reporting system. Secondary segment is identified based on geography in which major operating divisions of the Company operates.

p. Cash and Bank Balances :

Cash and Cash equivalents for the purpose of cash flow statement comprise cash in hand, cash at bank, demand deposits with banks and other short-term highly liquid investments / deposits with an original maturity of three months or less.

q. Government Grants and Subsidies :

i. Grants and subsidies from the Government are recognised when there is reasonable certainty that the grant / subsidy will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with.

ii. Where the government grants / subsidies relates to revenue, it is recognised as income on a systematic basis in the Statement of Profit and Loss over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs, which they are intended to compensate. Government grants and subsidies receivable against an expense are deducted from such expense.

iii. Where the grant or subsidy relates to an asset, its value is deducted from the gross value of the asset concerned in arriving at the carrying amount of the related asset.

iv. Government grants in the nature of Promoters'' contribution are credited to capital reserve and treated as a part of Shareholders'' Funds.

r. Earnings Per Share :

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

s. Classification of Current/Non-Current Assets and Liabilities:

All assets and liabilities are presented as Current or Non-Current as per the Company''s normal operating cycle and other criteria set out in Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013. Based on the nature of products and the time between the acquisition of assets for processing and their realization, the Company has ascertained its operating cycle as 12 months for the purpose of Current / Non current classification of assets and liabilities.

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Dec 31, 2015

1. Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements :

i. The financial statements have been prepared to comply in all material respects with the Accounting Standards notified under section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013, read together with paragraph 7 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014.

ii. Financial statements are based on historical cost and are prepared on accrual basis.

iii. Accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company and are consistent with those used in the previous year, except in case of depreciation (Refer note 51).

iv. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon management's best knowledge of current events and actions, actual result could differ from these estimates.

a. Fixed Assets :

i. Fixed Assets are stated at their original cost of acquisition / installation (net of Modvat / Cenvat credit availed), net of accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment losses, except freehold non mining land which is carried at cost less impairment losses.

ii. Capital work in progress is stated at the amount expended up to the date of Balance Sheet.

iii. Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with a particular item of fixed asset and the use of which is irregular, are capitalised at cost net of Modvat / Cenvat.

iv. Expenditure during construction period (including financing cost relating to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of qualifying fixed assets) incurred on projects under implementation are treated as Pre-operative expenses, pending allocation to the assets, and are included under "capital work-in-progress". These expenses are apportioned to fixed assets on commencement of commercial production.

b. Depreciation and Amortizations :

I. Tangible Assets :

i. Premium on leasehold land is amortized over the period of lease.

ii. Depreciation is provided as per the useful life prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act, 2013, for Captive Power Plant related assets (consisting of Buildings and Plant & Machinery) based on "Written Down Value Method" and for other assets based on "Straight Line Method.

Continuous process plants are identified based on technical assessment and depreciated at the specified rate as per Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

Depreciation on additions to fixed assets is provided on a pro-rata basis from the date of acquisition or installation, and in the case of a new project, from the date of commencement of commercial production.

Depreciation on assets sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped, is provided upto the date on which the said asset is sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped.

In respect of an asset for which impairment loss is recognized, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the assets over its remaining useful life. iii. Machinery spares, which are capitalized, are depreciated over the useful life of the related fixed asset. The written down value of such spares is charged to the statement of profit and loss, on issue for consumption. iv. Cost of mineral reserve embedded in the cost of freehold mining land is depreciated in proportion of actual quantity of minerals extracted to the estimated quantity of extractable mineral reserves. v. Fixed assets, constructed by the Company, but ownership of which vests with the Government / Local Authorities :

a) Expenditure on Power lines is depreciated over the period as permitted in the Electricity Supply Act, 1948 / 2003, as applicable.

b) Expenditure on Marine structures is depreciated over the period of the agreement.

c) Expenditure on other fixed assets is depreciated at the rate of depreciation specified in Schedule II to the Companies Act, 2013.

II. Intangible Assets :

i. Expenditure to acquire Water drawing rights from Government / Local Authorities / other parties is amortised on straight line method over the period of rights to use the facilities ranging from ten to thirty years. ii. Expenditure on Computer software is amortised on straight line method over the period of expected benefit not exceeding five years.

c. Impairment of Assets :

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal / external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is greater of the asset's net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the assets. A previously recognized impairment loss is increased or reversed depending on changes in circumstances.

d. Investments :

i. Recognition and Measurement

Investments that are intended to be held for more than a year, from the date of acquisition, are classified as long-term investments and are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value of investments is made to recognize a decline, other than temporary, in the value of the investments. Investments other than long-term investments being current investments are valued at cost or fair value whichever is lower, determined on an individual basis.

ii. Presentation and Disclosure

Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from balance sheet date, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as non-current investments.

e. Inventories :

Inventories are valued as follows :

i. Coal, fuel, packing materials, raw materials, stores and spares :

Lower of cost less provision for slow and non-moving inventory, if any, and net realizable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

ii. Work-in-progress, finished goods, stock in trade and trial run inventories :

Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and labor and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty. Cost is determined on a monthly moving weighted average basis.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

f. Provisions / Contingencies :

A provision is recognized for a present obligation as a result of past events if it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. A contingent liability is disclosed, unless the possibility of an outflow of resources is remote.

g. Foreign Currency Conversion :

Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transaction. Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting Company's monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or expenses in the year in which they arise.

h. Revenue recognition :

Revenue is recognized to the extent it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured i. Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer. Accordingly, domestic sales are accounted on dispatch of products to customers and Export sales are accounted on the basis of date of Bill of Lading. Sales are disclosed net of sales tax / value added tax, discounts and sales returns, as applicable. Sales exclude self-consumption of cement.

ii. Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Dividend income is recognized when right to receive is established by the Balance Sheet date.

i. Mines Reclamation Expenses :

The Company provides for the expenses to reclaim the quarries used for mining. The total estimate of reclamation expenses is apportioned over the estimate of mineral reserves and a provision is made based on the minerals extracted during the year.

Mines reclamation expenses are incurred on an ongoing basis and until the closure of the mine. The actual expenses may vary based on the nature of reclamation and the estimate of reclamation expenditure.

j. Employee Benefits :

i. Defined Contribution Plan

Employee benefits in the form of contribution to Superannuation Fund, Provident Fund managed by Government Authorities, Employees State Insurance Corporation and Labor Welfare Fund are considered as defined contribution plan and the same is charged to the statement of profit and loss for the year in which the employee renders the related service.

ii. Defined Benefit Plan

Retirement benefits in the form of gratuity, post-retirement medical benefit and death & disability benefit are considered as defined benefit obligations and are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, as at the date of the balance sheet. Actuarial gains / losses, if any, are recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

Employee Benefit, in the form of contribution to Provident Fund managed by a Trust set up by the Company, is charged to statement of profit and loss for the year in which the employee renders the related service. The deficit, if any, in the accumulated corpus of the trust is recognized in the statement of profit and loss based on actuarial valuation.

iii. Other long-term benefits

Compensated absences are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, as at the date of the balance sheet. Actuarial gains / losses, if any, are immediately recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

k. Employee Stock Compensation cost :

The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock option using the fair value method. Discount on Equity Shares as compensation expenses under the Employee Stock Option Scheme, is amortized in accordance with Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme Guidelines, 1999 issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India and the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based payments, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.

l. Borrowing Costs and Share Issue Expenses :

i. Borrowing cost attributable to acquisition and construction of assets that necessarily takes substantial period of time are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets up to the date when such assets are ready for intended use. ii. Expenses on issue of Shares, Debentures and Bonds as well as Premium on Redemption of Debentures are adjusted to Securities Premium Account in accordance with Companies Act, 2013.

iii. Borrowing cost such as discount or premium and ancillary costs in connection with arrangement of borrowings are amortized over the period of borrowings.

iv. Other borrowing costs are charged as expense in the year in which these are incurred. m. Taxation :

Tax expense comprises of current income and deferred income tax and includes any adjustments related to past periods in current and / or deferred tax adjustments that may become necessary due to certain developments or reviews during the relevant period.

Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of current year's timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date.

Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realized.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available. n. Leases :

Where the Company is the lessee :

Leases where the lesser effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Where the Company is the lesser :

i. Assets given under finance lease are recognized as a receivable at an amount equal to the net investment in the lease. Lease rentals are apportioned between principal and interest on the internal rate of return method. The principal amount received reduces the net investment in the lease and interest is recognized as revenue. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognized immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

ii. Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income is recognized in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation, are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognized immediately in the statement of profit and loss. o. Segment Reporting Policies :

i. Identification of segments

The Company has only one business segment 'Cementations Materials' as its primary segment. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

ii. Segment Policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole. p. Cash and Bank Balances :

i. Cash and Bank balances in the Balance Sheet comprises of cash at bank including fixed deposits, cherubs in hand and cash on hand.

ii. Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank, cash on hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less. q. Government Grants and Subsidies :

i. Grants and subsidies from the Government are recognized when there is reasonable certainty that the grant / subsidy will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with.

ii. When the grant or subsidy relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income over the periods necessary to match them on a systematic basis to the costs, which it is intended to compensate.

iii. Where the grant or subsidy relates to an asset, its value is deducted from the gross value of the asset concerned in arriving at the carrying amount of the related asset.

iv. Government grants in the nature of Promoters' contribution are credited to capital reserve and treated as a part of Shareholders' Funds.

r. Earnings Per Share :

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

b) Rights, preferences and restrictions attached to equity shares

The Company has only one class of equity shares having a par value of Rs, 2 per share. Each shareholder is entitled to one vote per equity share. The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting, except in case of interim dividend. In the event of liquidation of the Company, the equity shareholders are eligible to receive remaining assets of the Company, after distribution of all preferential amounts, in proportion to their shareholding.

As per the records of the Company, including its register of shareholders / members and other declarations received from shareholders regarding beneficial interest, the above shareholding represent both legal and beneficial ownership of shares.

e) Outstanding employee stock options exercisable into Nil (previous year - 2,344,400) equity shares of Rs, 2 each fully paid up (Refer note 33 (b)).

f) Outstanding tradable warrants and right shares kept in abeyance exercisable into 186,690 (previous year - 186,690) and 139,830 (previous year - 139,830) equity shares of Rs, 2 each fully paid-up respectively.

a. Secured by bank guarantee and repayable as below :

Rs, 5.86 crores on 27th February, 2020 Rs, 3.59 crores on 18th August, 2022

b. Sales tax deferment loan is interest free and payable in 10 annual installments starting from April 2007 to April 2017 of varying amounts from Rs, 1.52 crores to Rs, 13.23 crores.

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Dec 31, 2014

A. Fixed assets :

i. Fixed Assets are stated at their original cost of acquisition / installation (net of Modvat / Cenvat credit availed), net of accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment losses, except freehold non-mining land which is carried at cost less impairment losses.

ii. Capital work in progress is stated at the amount expended up to the date of Balance Sheet.

iii. Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with a particular item of fixed asset and the use of which is irregular, are capitalised at cost net of Modvat / Cenvat.

iv. Expenditure during construction period (including financing cost relating to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of qualifying fixed assets) incurred on projects under implementation are treated as Pre-operative expenses, pending allocation to the assets, and are included under "capital work-in-progress". These expenses are apportioned to fixed assets on commencement of commercial production.

b. Depreciation and amortisation :

I. Tangible Assets :

i. Premium on leasehold land is amortised over the period of lease.

ii. Depreciation on assets, other than Vehicles and Captive Power Plant related assets consisting of Building and Plant & Machinery (CPP assets), is provided on the "Straight Line Method" in accordance with the provisions of Section 205(2)(b) of the Companies Act, 1956, and on Vehicles and CPP assets on the "Written Down Value Method" in accordance with the provisions of Section 205(2)(a) of the Companies Act, 1956, in the manner and at the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, except in respect of certain assets at higher rates consequent to management estimate of useful life. Continuous process plants are identified based on technical assessment and depreciated at the specified rate as per Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Depreciation on additions to fixed assets is provided on a pro-rata basis from the date of acquisition or installation, and in the case of a new project, from the date of commencement of commercial production. Depreciation on assets sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped, is provided upto the date on which the said asset is sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped.

In respect of an asset for which impairment loss is recognised, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the assets over its remaining useful life.

iii. Machinery spares, which are capitalized, are depreciated over the useful life of the related fixed asset. The written down value of such spares is charged to the statement of profit and loss, on issue for consumption.

iv. Cost of mineral reserve embedded in the cost of freehold mining land is depreciated in proportion of actual quantity of minerals extracted to the estimated quantity of extractable mineral reserves.

v. Fixed assets, constructed by the Company, but ownership of which vests with the Government / Local Authorities :

a) Expenditure on Power lines is depreciated over the period as permitted in the Electricity Supply Act, 1948 / 2003 as applicable.

b) Expenditure on Marine structures is depreciated over the period of agreement.

c) Expenditure on other fixed assets is depreciated at the rate of depreciation specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

II. Intangible Assets :

i. Expenditure to acquire Water drawing rights from Government / Local Authorities / other parties is amortised on straight line method over the period of rights to use the facilities ranging from ten to thirty years.

ii. Expenditure on Computer software is amortised on straight line method over the period of expected benefit not exceeding five years.

c. Impairment of assets :

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal / external factors. An impairment loss is recognised wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the assets. A previously recognised impairment loss is increased or reversed depending on changes in circumstances.

d. Investments :

i. Recognition and Measurement

Investments that are intended to be held for more than a year, from the date of acquisition, are classified as long-term investments and are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value of investments is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of the investments. Investments other than long-term investments being current investments are valued at cost or fair value whichever is lower, determined on an individual basis.

ii. Presentation and Disclosure

Investments, which are readily realisable and intended to be held for not more than one year from balance sheet date, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as non-current investments.

e. Inventories :

Inventories are valued as follows :

i. Coal, fuel, packing materials, raw materials, stores and spares :

Lower of cost less provision for slow and non-moving inventory, if any, and net realisable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

ii. Work-in-progress, finished goods, stock in trade and trial run inventories :

Lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty. Cost is determined on a monthly moving weighted average basis.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

f. Provisions / Contingencies :

A provision is recognised for a present obligation as a result of past events if it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. A contingent liability is disclosed, unless the possibility of an outflow of resources is remote.

g. Foreign Currency Conversion :

Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transaction. Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting Company''s monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or expenses in the year in which they arise.

h. Revenue recognition :

Revenue is recognised to the extent it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured

i. Revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer. Accordingly, domestic sales are accounted on dispatch of products to customers and Export sales are accounted on the basis of date of Bill of Lading. Sales are disclosed net of sales tax / value added tax, discounts and sales returns, as applicable. Sales exclude self-consumption of cement.

ii. Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Dividend income is recognised when right to receive is established by the Balance Sheet date.

i. Mines Reclamation Expenses :

The Company provides for the expenses to reclaim the quarries used for mining. The total estimate of reclamation expenses is apportioned over the estimate of mineral reserves and a provision is made based on the minerals extracted during the year.

Mines reclamation expenses are incurred on an ongoing basis and until the closure of the mine. The actual expenses may vary based on the nature of reclamation and the estimate of reclamation expenditure.

j. employee Benefits :

i. Defined Contribution Plan :

Employee benefits in the form of contribution to Superannuation Fund, Provident Fund managed by Government Authorities, Employees State Insurance Corporation and Labour Welfare Fund are considered as defined contribution plan and the same is charged to the statement of profit and loss for the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due.

ii. Defined Benefit Plan :

Retirement benefits in the form of gratuity, post-retirement medical benefit and death & disability benefit are considered as defined benefit obligations and are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, as at the date of the balance sheet. Actuarial gains / losses, if any, are recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

Employee Benefit, in the form of contribution to Provident Fund managed by a Trust set up by the Company, is charged to statement of profit and loss as and when the contribution is due. The deficit, if any, in the accumulated corpus of the trust is recognised in the statement of profit and loss based on actuarial valuation.

iii. Other long-term benefits :

Compensated absences are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, as at the date of the balance sheet. Actuarial gains / losses, if any, are immediately recognised in the statement of profit and loss.

k. employee stock compensation cost :

The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock option using the fair value method. Discount on Equity Shares as compensation expenses under the Employee Stock Option Scheme, is amortised in accordance with Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme Guidelines, 1999 issued by the Securities and Exchange Board of India and the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based payments, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.

l. Borrowing Costs and Share Issue Expenses :

i. Borrowing cost attributable to acquisition and construction of assets that necessarily takes substantial period of time are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets up to the date when such assets are ready for intended use.

ii. Expenses on issue of Shares, Debentures and Bonds as well as Premium on Redemption of Debentures are adjusted to Securities Premium Account in accordance with Section 78 of the Companies Act, 1956.

iii. Borrowing cost such as discount or premium and ancillary costs in connection with arrangement of borrowings are amortised over the period of borrowings.

iv. Other borrowing costs are charged as expense in the year in which these are incurred.

m. Taxation :

Tax expense comprises of current income and deferred income tax and includes any adjustments related to past periods in current and / or deferred tax adjustments that may become necessary due to certain developments or reviews during the relevant period. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Deferred income taxes reflect the impact of current year''s timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years.

Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which such deferred tax assets can be realised.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

n. Leases :

Where the Company is the lessee :

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Where the Company is the lessor :

i. Assets given under finance lease are recognised as a receivable at an amount equal to the net investment in the lease. Lease rentals are apportioned between principal and interest on the internal rate of return method. The principal amount received reduces the net investment in the lease and interest is recognised as revenue. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

ii. Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income is recognised in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation, are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit and loss. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognised immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

o. segment Reporting Policies :

i. Identification of segments :

The Company has only one business segment Cementitious Materials'' as its primary segment. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

ii. Segment Policies :

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

p. cash and bank balances :

i. Cash and Bank balances in the Balance Sheet comprises of cash at bank including fixed deposits, cheques in hand and cash on hand.

ii. Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank, cash on hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

q. Government Grants and subsidies :

i. Grants and subsidies from the Government are recognised when there is reasonable certainty that the grant / subsidy will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with.

ii. When the grant or subsidy relates to an expense item, it is recognised as income over the periods necessary to match them on a systematic basis to the costs, which it is intended to compensate.

iii. Where the grant or subsidy relates to an asset, its value is deducted from the gross value of the asset concerned in arriving at the carrying amount of the related asset.

iv. Government grants in the nature of Promoters'' contribution are credited to capital reserve and treated as a part of Shareholders'' Funds.

r. Earnings Per Share :

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

e) Outstanding employee stock options exercisable into 2,344,400 (previous year - 6,381,625) equity shares of Rs. 2 each fully paid-up (Refer note 32).

f) Outstanding tradable warrants and right shares kept in abeyance exercisable into 186,690 (previous year - 186,690) and 139,830 (previous year - 139,830) equity shares of Rs.2 each fully paid-up respectively.

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Dec 31, 2013

1) Figures in brackets represent cash outflow,

2) Direct taxes paid are treated as arising from operating activities and are not bifurcated between investing and financing activities.

3) These balances are not available for use by the Company as they represent corresponding unpaid dividend liabilities and unclaimed sale proceeds of the odd lot shares belonging to the shareholders of erstwhile ACEL and ACRL.

1 Basis of Preparation of Financial Statements :

i . The financial statements have been prepared in compliance with all material aspects with the Accounting Standards notified by Companies (Accounting Standards) Rules, 2006 (as amended) and the relevant provisions of the Companies Act, 1956, read with General Circular No.15/2013 dated 13th September 2013, issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, in respect of Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013.

ii. Financial statements are based on historical cost and are prepared on accrual basis.

iii. Accounting policies have been consistently applied by the Company and are consistent with those used in the previous year,

iv. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities as at the date of financial statements and the results of operations during the reporting period. Although these estimates are based upon management''s best knowledge of current events and actions, actual result could differ from these estimates.

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Dec 31, 2012

A) Fixed Assets :

i. Fixed Assets are stated at their original cost of acquisition / installation (net of Modvat / Cenvat credit availed), net of accumulated depreciation, amortization and impairment losses, except freehold non mining land which is carried at cost less impairment losses.

ii. Capital work in progress is stated at the amount expended up to the date of Balance Sheet,

iii. Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with a particular item of fixed asset and the use of which is irregular, are capitalized at cost net of Modvat / Cenvat.

iv. Expenditure during construction period (including financing cost relating to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of qualifying fixed assets) incurred on projects under implementation are treated as Pre-operative expenses, pending allocation to the assets, and are included under "Capital Work in Progress". These expenses are apportioned to fixed assets on commencement of commercial production.

b) Depreciation and Amortization :

i. Tangible Assets :

I. Premium on leasehold land is amortized over the period of lease.

II. Depreciation on assets, other than Vehicles and Captive Power Plant related assets consisting of Building, Plant and Machinery and Electric Installation (CPP assets), is provided on the "Straight Line Method" in accordance with the provisions of Section 205(2)(b) of the Companies Act, 1956, and on Vehicles and CPP assets on the "Written Down Value Method" in accordance with the provisions of Section 205(2)(a) of the Companies Act, 1956, in the manner and at the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, except in respect of certain assets at higher rates consequent to management estimate of useful life. Continuous process plants, are identified based on technical assessment and depreciated at the specified rate as per Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Depreciation on additions to fixed assets is provided on a pro-rata basis from the date of acquisition or installation, and in the case of a new project, from the date of commencement of commercial production. Depreciation on assets sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped, is provided up to the date on which they said asset is sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped.

In respect of an asset for which impairment loss is recognized, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the assets over its remaining useful life.

III. Machinery spares, which are capitalized, are depreciated over the useful life of the related fixed asset. The written down value of such spares is charged to the statement of profit and loss, on issue for consumption.

IV. Cost of mineral reserve embedded in the cost of freehold mining land is depreciated in proportion of actual quantity of minerals extracted to the estimated quantity of extractable mineral reserves.

V. Fixed assets, constructed by the Company, but ownership of which belongs to Government / Local Authorities :

a) Expenditure on Power Lines, ownership of which belongs to the state electricity boards, is amortized over the period as permitted in the Electricity Supply Act, 1948 / 2003 as applicable.

b) Expenditure on Marine Structures, ownership of which belongs to the maritime boards, is amortized over the period of agreement.

c) Expenditure on other fixed assets, is amortized at the rate of depreciation specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

ii. Intangible Assets :

I. Expenditure to acquire Water Drawing Rights from Government / Local Authorities / other parties is amortized on straight line method over the period of rights to use the facilities ranging from ten to thirty years.

II. Expenditure on computer software is amortized on straight line method over the period of expected benefit not exceeding five years.

c) Impairment of assets :

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal / external factors. An impairment loss is recognized wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is greater of the asset''s net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted

to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the assets. A previously recognized impairment loss is increased or reversed depending on changes in circumstances.

d) Investments :

i. Recognition and Measurement

Investments that are intended to be held for more than a year, from the date of acquisition, are classified as long-term investments and are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value of investments is made to recognize a decline, other than temporary, in the value of the investments. Investments other than long-term investments being current investments are valued at cost or fair value whichever is lower, determined on an individual basis.

ii. Presentation and Disclosure

Investments, which are readily realizable and intended to be held for not more than one year from balance sheet date, are classified as current investments. All other investments are classified as non-current investments.

e) Inventories :

Inventories are valued as follows

i. Coal, fuel, packing materials, raw materials, stores and spares :

Lower of cost less provision for slow and non-moving inventory, if any, and net realizable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

ii. Work-in-progress, finished goods and trial run inventories :

Lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and labor and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty. Cost is determined on a monthly moving weighted average basis.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.

f) Provisions / Contingencies :

A provision is recognized for a present obligation as a result of past events if it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. A contingent liability is disclosed, unless the possibility of an outflow of resources is remote.

g) Foreign Currency Conversion :

Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transaction. Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting Company''s monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognized as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

h) Revenue recognition :

Revenue is recognized to the extent it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured

i. Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer. Accordingly, domestic sales are accounted on dispatch of products to customers and Export sales are accounted on the basis of date of Bill of Lading. Sales are disclosed net of sales tax / VAT, discounts and returns, as applicable. Sales exclude self consumption of cement.

ii. Benefit on account of entitlement to import goods free of duty under the "Duty Entitlement Pass Book under Duty Exemption Scheme" is recognized in the year of export.

iii. Sales include the amount of remission and subsidy due in accordance with the respective incentive schemes.

iv. Interest income is recognized on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Dividend income is recognized when right to receive the payment is established by the Balance Sheet date.

i) Mines Reclamation Expenses :

The Company provides for the expenses to reclaim the quarries used for mining. The total estimate of reclamation expenses is apportioned over the estimate of mineral reserves and a provision is made based on the minerals extracted during the year.

Mines reclamation expenses are incurred on an ongoing basis and until the closure of the mine. The actual expenses may vary based on the nature of reclamation and the estimate of reclamation expenditure. j) Employee Benefits :

i. Defined Contribution Plan

Employee benefits in the form of contribution to Superannuation Fund, Provident Fund managed by Government Authorities, Employees State Insurance Corporation and Labor Welfare Fund are considered as defined contribution plan and the same is charged to the statement of profit and loss for the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due.

ii. Defined Benefit Plan

Retirement benefits in the form of gratuity, shipping staff gratuity, post retirement medical benefit and death and disability benefit are considered as defined benefit obligations and are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, as at the date of the Balance Sheet. Actuarial gains / losses, if any, are immediately recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

Employee Benefit, in form of contribution to Provident Fund managed by a Trust set up by the Company, is charged to statement of profit and loss as and when the contribution is due. The deficit, if any, in the accumulated corpus of the Trust at the period end for which the Company is liable, is recognized as a provision in the statement of profit and loss.

iii. Other long-term benefits

Long-term compensated absences are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, as at the date of the Balance Sheet. Actuarial gains / losses, if any, are immediately recognized in the statement of profit and loss.

k) Miscellaneous Expenditure :

Expenses included under the head ''Miscellaneous Expenditure'' are amortized over the period of estimated future benefits not exceeding ten years.

l) Employee Stock Compensation cost :

The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock option using the fair value method. Discount on Equity Shares as compensation expenses under the Employee Stock Option Scheme, is amortized in accordance with Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme Guidelines, 1999 issued by Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based payments, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. m) Borrowing Costs and Share Issue Expenses :

i. Borrowing cost attributable to acquisition and construction of assets that necessarily takes substantial period of time are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets up to the date when such assets are ready for intended use.

ii. Expenses on issue of Shares, Debentures and Bonds as well as Premium on Redemption of Debentures are adjusted to Securities Premium Account in accordance with Section 78 of the Companies Act, 1956.

iii. Borrowing cost such as discount or premium and ancillary costs in connection with arrangement of borrowings are amortized over the period of borrowings.

iv. Other borrowing costs are charged as expense in the year in which these are incurred.

n) Taxation :

Tax expense comprises of current and deferred tax. Current income tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Income-tax Act, 1961. Deferred income tax reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these assets can be realized in future whereas in case of existence of carry forward of losses or unabsorbed depreciation, deferred tax assets are recognized only if there is virtual certainty of realization backed by convincing evidence.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realized. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

o) Leases :

Where the Company is the lessee

Leases where the less or effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Where the Company is the less or

i. Assets given under finance lease are recognized as a receivable at an amount equal to the net investment in the lease. Lease rentals are apportioned between principal and interest on the Internal rate of return (IRR) method. The principal amount received reduces the net investment in the lease and interest is recognized as revenue. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognized immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

ii. Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income is recognized in the statement of profit and loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation, are recognized as an expense in the statement of profit and loss. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognized immediately in the statement of profit and loss.

p) Segment Reporting Policies :

i. Identification of segments

The Company has only one business segment ''Cementations Materials'' as its primary segment. The analysis of geographical segment is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

ii. Segment Policies

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole. q) Cash and Bank balances :

i. Cash and Bank balances in the Balance Sheet comprise cash at bank including fixed deposits, cheques in hand and cash in hand.

ii. Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

r) Government grants and subsidies :

i. Grants and subsidies from the Government are recognized when there is reasonable certainty that the grant / subsidy will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with.

ii. When the grant or subsidy relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income over the periods necessary to match them on a systematic basis to the costs, which it is intended to compensate.

iii. Where the grant or subsidy relates to an asset, its value is deducted from the gross value of the asset concerned in arriving at the carrying amount of the related asset.

iv. Government grants of the nature of Promoters'' contribution are credited to capital reserve and treated as a part of Shareholders'' Funds.

s) Earnings Per Share :

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.

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Dec 31, 2010

(a) Fixed Assets:

(i) Fixed Assets are stated at their original cost of acquisition/installation (net of Modvat / Cenvat credit availed), net of accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment losses, except freehold land which is carried at cost less impairment losses.

(ii) Capital work in progress is stated at the amount expended up to the date of Balance Sheet.

(iii) Machinery spares which can be used only in connection with a particular item of fixed asset and the use of which is irregular, are capitalised at cost net of Modvat / Cenvat.

(iv) Expenditure during construction period (including financing cost relating to borrowed funds for construction or acquisition of qualifying fixed assets) incurred on projects under implementation are treated as Pre-operative expenses, pending allocation to the assets, and are included under “Capital Work in Progress”. These expenses are apportioned to fixed assets on commencement of commercial production.

(b) Depreciation and Amortisation :

I. Tangible Assets :

(i) Premium on leasehold land is amortised over the period of lease.

(ii) Depreciation on all assets, other than Vehicles, is provided on the “Straight Line Method” in accordance with the provisions of Section 205(2)(b) of the Companies Act, 1956, and on Vehicles on the “Written Down Value Method” in accordance with the provisions of Section 205(2)(a) of the Companies Act, 1956, in the manner and at the rates specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956, as the management estimate of useful life coincides with useful life based on the rate mentioned in the Schedule XIV or is higher. Continuous process plants, are identified based on technical assessment and depreciated at the specified rate as per Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956. Depreciation on additions to fixed assets is provided on a pro-rata basis from the date of acquisition or installation, and in the case of a new project, from the date of commencement of commercial production. Depreciation on assets sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped, is provided upto the date on which the said asset is sold, discarded, demolished or scrapped.

In respect of an asset for which impairment loss is recognised, depreciation is provided on the revised carrying amount of the assets over its remaining useful life.

(iii) Machinery spares which are capitalised are depreciated over the useful life of the related fixed asset. The written down value of such spares is charged to the Profit and Loss Account, on issue for consumption.

(iv) The cost of fixed assets, constructed by the Company, but ownership of which belongs to Government/Local Authorities, is amortised at the rate of depreciation specified in Schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956.

(v) Expenditure on Power Lines, ownership of which belongs to the State Electricity Boards, is amortised over the period as permitted in the Electricity Supply Act, 1948.

(vi) Expenditure on Marine Structures, ownership of which belongs to the Maritime Boards, is amortised over the period of agreement.

II. Intangible Assets :

(i) Expenditure to acquire Water Drawing Rights from Government/Local Authorities/other parties, is amortised on straight line method over the period of rights to use the facilities ranging from ten to thirty years.

(ii) Expenditure on computer software is amortised on straight line method over the period of expected benefit not exceeding five years.

(c) Impairment of assets :

The carrying amounts of assets are reviewed at each Balance Sheet date if there is any indication of impairment based on internal / external factors. An impairment loss is recognised wherever the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is greater of the assets net selling price and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the assets. A previously recognised impairment loss is increased or reversed depending on changes in circumstances.

(d) Investments :

Investments that are intended to be held for more than a year, from the date of acquisition, are classified as long-term investments and are carried at cost. However, provision for diminution in value of investments is made to recognise a decline, other than temporary, in the value of the investments. Investments other than long-term investments being current investments are valued at cost or fair value whichever is lower, determined on an individual basis.

(e) Inventories :

Inventories are valued as follows:

Coal, fuel, packing materials, raw materials, components, stores and spares:

As per CFS present at lower of cost less provision for slow and non-moving inventory, if any, and net realizable value. However, materials and other items held for use in the production of inventories are not written down below cost if the finished products in which they will be incorporated are expected to be sold at or above cost. Cost is determined on a moving weighted average basis.

Work-in-progress and finished goods and trial run inventories:

As per CFS present at lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes direct materials and labour and a proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal operating capacity. Cost of finished goods includes excise duty. Cost is determined on a monthly moving weighted average basis.

(f) Provisions / Contingencies :

A provision is recognised for a present obligation as a result of past events if it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation and in respect of which a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are not discounted to its present value and are determined based on best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation at the Balance Sheet date. A contingent liability is disclosed, unless the possibility of an outflow of resources is remote.

(g) Foreign Currency Conversion :

Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing on the date of transaction. Foreign currency monetary items are reported using the closing rate. Non-monetary items which are carried in terms of historical cost denominated in a foreign currency are reported using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on reporting companys monetary items at rates different from those at which they were initially recorded during the year, or reported in previous financial statements, are recognised as income or as expenses in the year in which they arise.

(h) Revenue recognition :

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured

(i) Revenue is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer. Accordingly, domestic sales are accounted on dispatch of products to customers and Export sales are accounted on the basis of date of Bill of Lading. Sales are disclosed net of sales tax / VAT, discounts and returns, as applicable. Sales exclude self consumption of cement.

(ii) Benefit on account of entitlement to import goods free of duty under the “Duty Entitlement Pass Book under Duty Exemption Scheme” is recognised in the year of export.

(iii) Sales include the amount of Sales Tax / VAT remission entitlement due in accordance with the respective incentive schemes.

(iv) Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. Dividend income is recognised when right to receive the payment is established by the Balance Sheet date.

(i) Mines Reclamation Expenses :

The Company provides for the expenses to reclaim the quarries used for mining. The total estimate of reclamation expenses is apportioned over the estimate of mineral reserves and a provision is made based on the minerals extracted during the year.

Mines reclamation expenses is incurred on an on going basis and until the closure of the mine. The actual expenses may vary based on the nature of reclamation and the estimate of reclamation expenditure.

(j) Employee Benefits :

(i) Defined Contribution Plan

Employee benefits in the form of contribution to Superannuation Fund, Provident Fund managed by Government Authorities, Employees State Insurance Corporation and Labour Welfare Fund are considered as defined contribution plan and the same is charged to the Profit & Loss Account of the year when the contributions to the respective funds are due.

(ii) Defined Benefit Plan

Retirement benefits in the form of Gratuity, Shipping staff gratuity, Post retirement medical benefit and Death & disability benefit are considered as defined benefit obligations and are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, as at the date of the Balance Sheet. Actuarial gains / losses, if any, are immediately recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Employee Benefit in form of contribution to Provident Fund managed by a Trust set up by the Company is charged to Profit and Loss Account as and when the contribution is due. The deficit, if any, in the accumulated corpus of the Trust at the period end for which the Company is liable, is recognised as a provision in the Profit and Loss Account.

(iii) Other long-term benefits

Long-term compensated absences are provided for on the basis of an actuarial valuation, using the projected unit credit method, as at the date of the Balance Sheet. Actuarial gains / losses, if any, are immediately recognised in the Profit and Loss Account

(k) Miscellaneous Expenditure :

Expenses included under the head Miscellaneous Expenditure are amortised over the period of estimated future benefits not exceeding ten years.

(l) Employee Stock Compensation cost :

The Company measures compensation cost relating to employee stock option using the intrinsic value method. Discount on Equity Shares as compensation expenses under the Employee Stock Option Scheme, is amortised in accordance with Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme Guidelines, 1999 issued by Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and the Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India.

(m) Borrowing Costs and Share Issue Expenses :

(i) Borrowing cost attributable to acquisition and construction of assets that necessarily takes substantial period of time are capitalised as part of the cost of such assets up to the date when such assets are ready for intended use.

(ii) Expenses on issue of Shares, Debentures and Bonds as well as Premium on Redemption of Debentures are adjusted to Securities Premium Account in accordance with Section 78 of the Companies Act, 1956.

(iii) Borrowing cost such as discount or premium and ancillary costs in connection with arrangement of borrowings excluding debenture and bonds, are amortised over the period of borrowings.

(iv) Other borrowing costs are charged as expense in the year in which these are incurred.

(n) Taxation :

Tax expense comprises of current, deferred and fringe benefit taxes. Current income tax and fringe benefit tax is measured at the amount expected to be paid to the tax authorities in accordance with the Indian Income-tax Act. Deferred income tax reflects the impact of current year timing differences between taxable income and accounting income for the year and reversal of timing differences of earlier years. Deferred tax is measured based on the tax rates and the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent there is reasonable certainty that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these assets can be realised in future whereas in case of existence of carry forward of losses or unabsorbed depreciation, deferred tax assets are recognised only if there is virtual certainty of realisation backed by convincing evidence.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each balance sheet date. The Company writes-down the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the extent that it is no longer reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available against which deferred tax asset can be realised. Any such write-down is reversed to the extent that it becomes reasonably certain or virtually certain, as the case may be, that sufficient future taxable income will be available.

(o) Leases :

Where the Company is the lessee

Leases where the lessor effectively retains substantially all the risks and benefits of ownership of the leased item, are classified as operating leases. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense in the Profit and Loss account on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Where the Company is the lessor

(i) Assets given under finance lease are recognised as a receivable at an amount equal to the net investment in the lease. Lease rentals are apportioned between principal and interest on the Internal rate of return (IRR) method. The principal amount received reduces the net investment in the lease and interest is recognised as revenue. Initial direct cost such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognised immediately in the Profit and Loss Account.

(ii) Assets subject to operating leases are included in fixed assets. Lease income is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Costs, including depreciation are recognised as an expense in the Profit and Loss Account. Initial direct costs such as legal costs, brokerage costs, etc. are recognised immediately in the Profit and Loss Account.

(p) Segment Reporting Policies :

(i) Identification of segments :

The Company has only one business segment Cement as its primary segment. The analysis of geographical segments is based on the areas in which major operating divisions of the Company operate.

(ii) Segment Policies :

The Company prepares its segment information in conformity with the accounting policies adopted for preparing and presenting the financial statements of the Company as a whole.

(q) Cash and Bank balances :

(i) Cash and Bank balances in the Balance Sheet comprise cash at bank including fixed deposits, cheques in hand and cash in hand.

(ii) Cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of cash flow statement comprise cash at bank and in hand and short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

(r) Government grants and subsidies :

(i) Grants and subsidies from the government are recognized when there is reasonable certainty that the grant/subsidy will be received and all attaching conditions will be complied with.

(ii) When the grant or subsidy relates to an expense item, it is recognised as income over the periods necessary to match them on a systematic basis to the costs, which it is intended to compensate.

(iii) Where the grant or subsidy relates to an asset, its value is deducted from the gross value of the asset concerned in arriving at the carrying amount of the related asset.

(iv) Government grants of the nature of promoters contribution are credited to capital reserve and treated as a part of shareholders funds.

(s) Earnings Per Share :

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period.

For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.