Know Your Constitution: A Deep Dive Into Key Articles That Every Citizen Must Know

A constitution is the backbone of any democratic nation, laying down the fundamental principles that guide governance, protect citizens' rights, and promote justice and equality. As Indian citizens, we take pride in having the largest written constitution in the world-a document that is both dynamic and inclusive, adapting with time to meet the needs of the nation.

Originally adopted on 26th November 1949 and enforced on 26th January 1950, the Indian Constitution consisted of 395 Articles divided into 22 Parts. Over the years, through various amendments, it has evolved significantly. Today, it comprises around 448 Articles grouped into 25 Parts, reflecting the changing social, political, and economic landscape of the country.

In this article, let's look at some of the must-know Articles of the Indian Constitution that every citizen should be aware of:

Article 14- Equality before law.
This article ensures that every individual is treated equally in the eyes of the law, regardless of religion, caste, gender, or profession.

Article 15 - Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
It promotes social harmony in a country as diverse as India and ensures that every citizen enjoys equal rights and opportunities.

Article 16- Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
According to this article, no citizen shall be discriminated against in matters of public employment on the basis of religion, caste, sex, race, or place of birth. It promotes fairness and equal access to government jobs.

Article 17- Abolition of the untouchability.
A landmark provision, Article 17 abolishes the practice of untouchability and forbids its practice in any form.

Article 19 - It guarantees to all the citizens the six rights
(a) Freedom of speech and expression
(b) Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms
(c) Freedom to form associations or unions
(d) Freedom to move freely throughout India
(e) Freedom to reside and settle anywhere in India
(f) Freedom to practice any profession or carry on any occupation, trade, or business

Article 21-Protection of life and personal liberty.
The constitution ensures that all the citizens have the right to live their life with dignity and privacy.

Article 21A - Right to education
Inserted by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act in 2002, this article mandates free and compulsory education for all children aged 6 to 14 years as a fundamental right.

Article 25 - Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion
Article 25 guarantees all individuals the freedom of conscience and the right to freely profess, practice, and propagate any religion. It upholds India's secular values.

Article 32 - Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights
Often called the "heart and soul of the Constitution" by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, this article allows citizens to approach the Supreme Court directly if their fundamental rights are violated.

Article 39A - Equal justice and free legal aid
This directive principle promotes equal justice and legal aid for all, especially for those who are economically or socially disadvantaged, ensuring no one is denied justice due to financial hardship.

Article 44- Uniform civil code
It states that the State shall strive to implement a Uniform Civil Code across the country, which aims to bring uniformity in personal laws regardless of religion.

Article 51A - Fundamental duties
Added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976, this article lists 11 fundamental duties of Indian citizens, such as respecting the Constitution, the national flag and anthem, protecting the environment, and promoting harmony.

Article 343- Official language of the Union
This article declares Hindi in Devanagari script as the official language of the Union.

As the Constitution continues to guide India's progress, knowing these articles empowers us to contribute meaningfully to our country's future.